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Compare Somalia (2001) - Anguilla (2002)

Compare Somalia (2001) z Anguilla (2002)

 Somalia (2001)Anguilla (2002)
 SomaliaAnguilla
Administrative divisions 18 regions (plural - NA, singular - gobolka); Awdal, Bakool, Banaadir, Bari, Bay, Galguduud, Gedo, Hiiraan, Jubbada Dhexe, Jubbada Hoose, Mudug, Nugaal, Sanaag, Shabeellaha Dhexe, Shabeellaha Hoose, Sool, Togdheer, Woqooyi Galbeed none (overseas territory of the UK)
Age structure 0-14 years:
44.54% (male 1,670,320; female 1,665,329)

15-64 years:
52.69% (male 1,993,750; female 1,952,437)

65 years and over:
2.77% (male 91,511; female 115,426) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 25% (male 1,575; female 1,529)


15-64 years: 68.1% (male 4,356; female 4,124)


65 years and over: 6.9% (male 383; female 479) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products cattle, sheep, goats; bananas, sorghum, corn, sugarcane, mangoes, sesame seeds, beans; fish small quantities of tobacco, vegetables; cattle raising
Airports 62 (2000 est.) 3 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total:
5

over 3,047 m:
4

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
57

2,438 to 3,047 m:
4

1,524 to 2,437 m:
13

914 to 1,523 m:
29

under 914 m:
11 (2000 est.)
total: 2


under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Area total:
637,657 sq km

land:
627,337 sq km

water:
10,320 sq km
total: 102 sq km


land: 102 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Texas about half the size of Washington, DC
Background A SIAD BARRE regime was ousted in January 1991; turmoil, factional fighting, and anarchy followed for nine years. In May of 1991, northern clans declared an independent Republic of Somaliland which now includes the administrative regions of Awdal, Woqooyi Galbeed, Togdheer, Sanaag, and Sool. Although not recognized by any government, this entity has maintained a stable existence, aided by the overwhelming dominance of the ruling clan and economic infrastructure left behind by British, Russian, and American military assistance programs. The regions of Bari and Nugaal comprise a neighboring self-declared Republic of Puntland, which has also made strides towards reconstructing legitimate, representative government. Beginning in 1993, a two-year UN humanitarian effort (primarily in the south) was able to alleviate famine conditions, but when the UN withdrew in 1995, having suffered significant casualties, order still had not been restored. A Transitional National Government (TNG) was created in October 2000 in Arta, Djibouti which was attended by a broad representation of Somali clans. The TNG has a three-year mandate to create a permanent national Somali government. The TNG does not recognize Somaliland or Puntland as independent republics but so far has been unable to reunite them with the unstable regions in the south; numerous warlords and factions are still fighting for control of Mogadishu and the other southern regions. Colonized by English settlers from Saint Kitts in 1650, Anguilla was administered by Great Britain until the early 19th century, when the island - against the wishes of the inhabitants - was incorporated into a single British dependency along with Saint Kitts and Nevis. Several attempts at separation failed. In 1971, two years after a revolt, Anguilla was finally allowed to secede; this arrangement was formally recognized in 1980 with Anguilla becoming a separate British dependency.
Birth rate 47.23 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 14.94 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues:
$NA

expenditures:
$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
revenues: $20.4 million


expenditures: $23.3 million, including capital expenditures of $3.8 million
Capital Mogadishu The Valley
Climate principally desert; December to February - northeast monsoon, moderate temperatures in north and very hot in south; May to October - southwest monsoon, torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds
Coastline 3,025 km 61 km
Constitution 25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979

note:
the Transitional National Government formed in October 2000 has a mandate to create a new constitution and hold elections within three years
Anguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982; amended 1990
Country name conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Somalia

former:
Somali Republic, Somali Democratic Republic
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Anguilla
Currency Somali shilling (SOS) East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Death rate 18.35 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 5.54 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $2.6 billion (1999 est.) $8.8 million (1998)
Dependency status - overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Somalia; US interests are represented by the US Embassy in Nairobi at Moi Avenue and Haile Selassie Avenue; mail address: P. O. Box 30137, Unit 64100, Nairobi; APO AE 09831; telephone: [254] (2) 334141; FAX [254] (2) 340838 none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US Somalia does not have an embassy in the US (ceased operations on 8 May 1991) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international most of the southern half of the boundary with Ethiopia is a Provisional Administrative Line; territorial dispute with Ethiopia over the Ogaden none
Economic aid - recipient $191.5 million (1995) $3.5 million (1995)
Economy - overview One of the world's poorest and least developed countries, Somalia has few resources. Moreover, much of the economy has been devastated by the civil war. Agriculture is the most important sector, with livestock accounting for about 40% of GDP and about 65% of export earnings. Nomads and semi-nomads, who are dependent upon livestock for their livelihood, make up a large portion of the population. Livestock and bananas are the principal exports; sugar, sorghum, corn, fish, and qat are products for the domestic market. The small industrial sector, based on the processing of agricultural products, accounts for 10% of GDP; most facilities have been shut down because of the civil strife. Moreover, ongoing civil disturbances in Mogadishu and outlying areas have interfered with any substantial economic advance and with international aid arrangements. Due to the civil strife, economic data is susceptible to an exceptionally wide margin of error. Anguilla has few natural resources, and the economy depends heavily on luxury tourism, offshore banking, lobster fishing, and remittances from emigrants. Increased activity in the tourism industry, which has spurred the growth of the construction sector, has contributed to economic growth. Anguillan officials have put substantial effort into developing the offshore financial sector, which is small, but growing. In the medium term, prospects for the economy will depend largely on the tourism sector and, therefore, on revived income growth in the industrialized nations as well as on favorable weather conditions.
Electricity - consumption 241.8 million kWh (1999) 42.6 million kWh
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production 260 million kWh (1999) 45.85 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel: NA%


hydro: NA%


nuclear: NA%


other: NA%
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Shimbiris 2,416 m
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m


highest point: Crocus Hill 65 m
Environment - current issues famine; use of contaminated water contributes to human health problems; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification supplies of potable water sometimes cannot meet increasing demand largely because of poor distribution system
Environment - international agreements party to:
Endangered Species, Law of the Sea

signed, but not ratified:
Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban
-
Ethnic groups Somali 85%, Bantu, Arabs 30,000 black (predominant), mulatto, white
Exchange rates Somali shillings per US dollar - 11,000 (November 2000), 2,620 (January 1999), 7,500 (November 1997 est.), 7,000 (January 1996 est.), 5,000 (1 January 1995), 2,616 (1 July 1993)

note:
the Republic of Somaliland, a self-declared independent country not recognized by any foreign government, issues its own currency, the Somaliland shilling
East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976)
Executive branch chief of state:
ABDIKASSIM Salad Hassan (since 26 August 2000); note - Interim President ABDIKASSIM was chosen for a three-year term by a 245-member National Assembly serving as a transitional government; the present political situation is still unstable, particularly in the south, with interclan fighting and random banditry

head of government:
ALI Khalifa Galaydh, appointed by the president 8 October 2000

cabinet:
appointed by the prime minister and sworn in on 20 October 2000

election results:
ABDIKASSIM Salad Hassan was elected president of an interim government at the Djibouti-sponsored Arta Peace Conference on 26 August 2000 by a broad representation of Somali clans that comprised a transitional National Assembly.
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Peter JOHNSTONE (since NA February 2000)


head of government: Chief Minister Osbourne FLEMING (since 3 March 2000)


cabinet: Executive Council appointed by the governor from among the elected members of the House of Assembly


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed chief minister by the governor
Exports $186 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.) $2.6 million (1999)
Exports - commodities livestock, bananas, hides, fish (1999) lobster, fish, livestock, salt, concrete blocks, rum
Exports - partners Saudi Arabia 53%, Yemen 19%, UAE 14%, Italy 5%, Pakistan 2% (1999) UK, US, Puerto Rico
Fiscal year NA 1 April - 31 March
Flag description light blue with a large white five-pointed star in the center; design based on the flag of the UN (Italian Somaliland was a UN trust territory) blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Anguillan coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts three orange dolphins in an interlocking circular design on a white background with blue wavy water below
GDP purchasing power parity - $4.3 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $104 million (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
60%

industry:
10% (largely shut down in 2000)

services:
30% (2000 est.)
agriculture: 4%


industry: 18%


services: 78% (1997 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $600 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $8,600 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% 0% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 10 00 N, 49 00 E 18 15 N, 63 10 W
Geography - note strategic location on Horn of Africa along southern approaches to Bab el Mandeb and route through Red Sea and Suez Canal the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles
Highways total:
22,100 km

paved:
2,608 km

unpaved:
19,492 km (1996)
total: 105 km


paved: 65 km


unpaved: 40 km (1998 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs - transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe
Imports $314 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.) $80.9 million (1999)
Imports - commodities manufactures, petroleum products, foodstuffs, construction materials (1995) fuels, foodstuffs, manufactures, chemicals, textiles
Imports - partners Djibouti 24%, Kenya 14%, Brazil 13%, Saudi Arabia 10%, India 9% (1999) US, Puerto Rico, UK
Independence 1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960, to form the Somali Republic) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 3.1%
Industries a few small industries, including sugar refining, textiles, petroleum refining (mostly shut down), wireless communication tourism, boat building, offshore financial services
Infant mortality rate 123.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 23.68 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) over 100% (businesses print their own money) (2000 est.) 2.3%
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), OECS (associate), ECLAC (associate)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 16 (2000)
Irrigated land 1,800 sq km (1993 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch following the breakdown of national government, most regions have reverted to Islamic (Shari'a) law with a provision for appeal of all sentences High Court (judge provided by Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court)
Labor force 3.7 million (very few are skilled laborers) (1993 est.) 6,735 (1999) (1999)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture (mostly pastoral nomadism) 71%, industry and services 29% commerce 36%, services 29%, construction 18%, transportation and utilities 10%, manufacturing 3%, agriculture/fishing/forestry/mining 4%
Land boundaries total:
2,366 km

border countries:
Djibouti 58 km, Ethiopia 1,626 km, Kenya 682 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
2%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
69%

forests and woodland:
26%

other:
3% (1993 est.)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (mostly rock with sparse scrub oak, few trees, some commercial salt ponds) (1998 est.)
Languages Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English English (official)
Legal system NA based on English common law
Legislative branch unicameral People's Assembly or Golaha Shacbiga

note:
fledgling parliament; a transitional 245-member National Assembly began to meet on 13 August 2000 in the town of Arta, Djibouti and is now based in Mogadishu
unicameral House of Assembly (11 seats total, 7 elected by direct popular vote, 2 ex officio members, and 2 appointed; members serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 3 March 2000 (next to be held NA June 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ANA 3, AUP 2, ADP 1, independent 1
Life expectancy at birth total population:
46.6 years

male:
44.99 years

female:
48.25 years (2001 est.)
total population: 76.5 years


male: 73.6 years


female: 79.5 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
24%

male:
36%

female:
14% (1990 est.)
definition: age 12 and over can read and write


total population: 95%


male: 95%


female: 95% (1984 est.)
Location Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, east of Ethiopia Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, east of Puerto Rico
Map references Africa Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims territorial sea:
200 NM
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 3 NM
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) none (2002 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches A Somali National Army is being reformed under the interim government; numerous factions and clans maintain independent militias, and the Somaliland and Puntland regional governments maintain their own security and police forces -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $NA -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,825,302 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,011,400 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Foundation of the Somali Republic, 1 July (1960) Anguilla Day, 30 May
Nationality noun:
Somali(s)

adjective:
Somali
noun: Anguillan(s)


adjective: Anguillan
Natural hazards recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer; floods during rainy season frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to October)
Natural resources uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore, tin, gypsum, bauxite, copper, salt salt, fish, lobster
Net migration rate 5.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 15.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 15 km -
Political parties and leaders none Anguilla United Party or AUP [Hubert HUGHES]; The United Front or UF [Osbourne FLEMING, Victor BANKS], a coalition of the Anguilla Democratic Party or ADP and the Anguilla National Alliance or ANA
Political pressure groups and leaders numerous clan and subclan factions are currently vying for power NA
Population 7,488,773

note:
this estimate was derived from an official census taken in 1975 by the Somali Government; population counting in Somalia is complicated by the large number of nomads and by refugee movements in response to famine and clan warfare (July 2001 est.)
12,446 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 3.48% (2001 est.) 2.44% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Bender Cassim (Boosaaso), Berbera, Chisimayu (Kismaayo), Merca, Mogadishu Blowing Point, Road Bay
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 0, shortwave 4 (1988) AM 5, FM 6, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios 470,000 (1997) 3,000 (1997)
Railways 0 km 0 km
Religions Sunni Muslim Anglican 40%, Methodist 33%, Seventh-Day Adventist 7%, Baptist 5%, Roman Catholic 3%, other 12%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.79 male(s)/female

total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female


total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
the public telecommunications system was completely destroyed or dismantled by the civil war factions; all relief organizations depend on their own private systems

domestic:
recently, local cellular telephone systems have been established in Mogadishu and in several other population centers

international:
international connections are available from Mogadishu by satellite
general assessment: NA


domestic: modern internal telephone system


international: microwave radio relay to island of Saint Martin (Guadeloupe and Netherlands Antilles)
Telephones - main lines in use NA 4,974 (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 1,629 (2000)
Television broadcast stations 1 (1997) 1 (1997)
Terrain mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone
Total fertility rate 7.11 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.77 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 8% (1999) (1999)
Waterways none none
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