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Compare Singapore (2005) - Libya (2001)

Compare Singapore (2005) z Libya (2001)

 Singapore (2005)Libya (2001)
 SingaporeLibya
Administrative divisions none 25 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan; note - the 25 municipalities may have been replaced by 13 regions
Age structure 0-14 years: 16% (male 366,971/female 342,295)


15-64 years: 75.9% (male 1,639,842/female 1,719,829)


65 years and over: 8.1% (male 157,636/female 199,147) (2005 est.)
0-14 years:
35.41% (male 947,645; female 907,854)

15-64 years:
60.64% (male 1,645,085; female 1,533,066)

65 years and over:
3.95% (male 101,701; female 105,248) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products rubber, copra, fruit, orchids, vegetables, poultry, eggs, fish, ornamental fish wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle
Airports 10 (2004 est.) 136 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 10


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total:
58

over 3,047 m:
23

2,438 to 3,047 m:
6

1,524 to 2,437 m:
22

914 to 1,523 m:
5

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
78

over 3,047 m:
4

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
14

914 to 1,523 m:
40

under 914 m:
18 (2000 est.)
Area total: 692.7 sq km


land: 682.7 sq km


water: 10 sq km
total:
1,759,540 sq km

land:
1,759,540 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly more than 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC slightly larger than Alaska
Background Singapore was founded as a British trading colony in 1819. It joined the Malaysian Federation in 1963 but separated two years later and became independent. It subsequently became one of the world's most prosperous countries with strong international trading links (its port is one of the world's busiest in terms of tonnage handled) and with per capita GDP equal to that of the leading nations of Western Europe. Since he took power in a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI has espoused his own political system - a combination of socialism and Islam - which he calls the Third International Theory. Viewing himself as a revolutionary leader, he used oil funds during the 1970s and 1980s to promote his ideology outside Libya, even supporting subversives and terrorists abroad to hasten the end of Marxism and capitalism. Libyan military adventures failed, e.g., the prolonged foray of Libyan troops into the Aozou Strip in northern Chad was finally repulsed in 1987. Libyan support for terrorism decreased after UN sanctions were imposed in 1992. Those sanctions were suspended in April 1999.
Birth rate 9.49 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) 27.67 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $17.05 billion


expenditures: $18.45 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.8 billion (2004 est.)
revenues:
$6.85 billion

expenditures:
$4.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital Singapore Tripoli
Climate tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - Northeastern monsoon from December to March and Southwestern monsoon from June to September; inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior
Coastline 193 km 1,770 km
Constitution 3 June 1959; amended 1965 (based on preindependence State of Singapore Constitution) 11 December 1969, amended 2 March 1977
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Singapore


conventional short form: Singapore
conventional long form:
Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

conventional short form:
Libya

local long form:
Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma

local short form:
none
Currency - Libyan dinar (LYD)
Death rate 4.16 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) 3.51 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $19.4 billion (2004 est.) $4.1 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Franklin L. LAVIN


embassy: 27 Napier Road, Singapore 258508


mailing address: FPO AP 96507-0001


telephone: [65] 6476-9100


FAX: [65] 6476-9340
the US suspended all embassy activities in Tripoli on 2 May 1980
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador CHAN Heng Chee


chancery: 3501 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 537-3100


FAX: [1] (202) 537-0876


consulate(s) general: San Francisco


consulate(s): New York
Libya does not have an embassy in the US
Disputes - international disputes persist with Malaysia over deliveries of fresh water to Singapore, Singapore's extensive land reclamation works, bridge construction, maritime boundaries, and Pedra Branca Island/Pulau Batu Putih - parties agree to ICJ arbitration on island dispute within three years; Indonesia and Singapore pledged in 2005 to finalize their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Batam Island; piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait Libya claims about 19,400 sq km in northern Niger and also a part of southeastern Algeria
Economic aid - recipient NA $8.4 million (1995)
Economy - overview Singapore, a highly developed and successful free market economy, enjoys a remarkably open and corruption-free environment, stable prices, and a per capita GDP equal to that of the Big 4 West European countries. The economy depends heavily on exports, particularly in electronics and manufacturing. It was hard hit in 2001-03 by the global recession, by the slump in the technology sector, and by an outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in 2003, which curbed tourism and consumer spending. The government hopes to establish a new growth path that will be less vulnerable to the external business cycle and will continue efforts to establish Singapore as Southeast Asia's financial and high-tech hub. Fiscal stimulus, low interest rates, a surge in exports, and internal flexibility led to vigorous growth in 2004, with real GDP rising by 8 percent, by far the economy's best performance since 2000. The socialist-oriented economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector, which contributes practically all export earnings and about one-quarter of GDP. These oil revenues and a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa, but little of this income flows down to the lower orders of society. In this statist society, import restrictions and inefficient resource allocations have led to periodic shortages of basic goods and foodstuffs. The nonoil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for about 20% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include the production of petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit agricultural output, and Libya imports about 75% of its food requirements. Higher oil prices in 1999 and 2000 led to an increase in export revenues, which improved macroeconomic balances and helped to stimulate the economy. Following the suspension of UN sanctions in 1999, Libya has been trying to increase its attractiveness to foreign investors, and several foreign companies have visited in search of contracts.
Electricity - consumption 32 billion kWh (2003) 17.577 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2003) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2003) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 35.33 billion kWh (2003) 18.9 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Singapore Strait 0 m


highest point: Bukit Timah 166 m
lowest point:
Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m

highest point:
Bikku Bitti 2,267 m
Environment - current issues industrial pollution; limited natural fresh water resources; limited land availability presents waste disposal problems; seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Climate Change, Desertification, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Biodiversity, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups Chinese 76.8%, Malay 13.9%, Indian 7.9%, other 1.4% (2000 census) Berber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians
Exchange rates Singapore dollars per US dollar - 1.6902 (2004), 1.7422 (2003), 1.7906 (2002), 1.7917 (2001), 1.724 (2000) Libyan dinars per US dollar - 0.5101 (January 2001), 0.5081 (2000), 0.4616 (1999), 0.3785 (1998), 0.3891 (1997), 0.3651 (1996)

note:
Libya currently has two rates for foreign trade; one for government operations and foreign companies and one for Libyan individuals (0.45 dinars per US dollar in December 1998)
Executive branch chief of state: President Sellapan Rama (S. R.) NATHAN (since 1 September 1999)


head of government: Prime Minister LEE Hsien Loong (since 12 August 2004); Senior Minister GOH Chok Tong (since 12 August 2004); Minister Mentor LEE Kuan Yew (since 12 August 2004); Deputy Prime Ministers Shunmugan JAYAKUMAR (since 12 August 2004) and Tony TAN Keng Yam (since 1 August 1995)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by president, responsible to Parliament


elections: president elected by popular vote for six-year term; last appointed 17 August 2005 (next election to be held by August 2011); following legislative elections, leader of majority party or leader of majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by president; deputy prime ministers appointed by president


election results: Sellapan Rama (S. R.) NATHAN appointed president in August 2005 after Presidential Elections Committee disqualified three other would-be candidates
chief of state:
Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969); note - holds no official title, but is de facto chief of state

head of government:
Secretary of the General People's Committee (Premier) Mubarak al-SHAMEKH (since 2 March 2000)

cabinet:
General People's Committee established by the General People's Congress

elections:
national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of people's committees; head of government elected by the General People's Congress; election last held 2 March 2000 (next to be held NA)

election results:
Mubarak al-SHAMEKH elected premier; percent of General People's Congress vote - NA%
Exports NA $13.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities machinery and equipment (including electronics), consumer goods, chemicals, mineral fuels crude oil, refined petroleum products
Exports - partners Malaysia 15.2%, US 13%, Hong Kong 9.8%, China 8.6%, Japan 6.4%, Taiwan 4.6%, Thailand 4.3%, South Korea 4.1% (2004) Italy 33%, Germany 24%, Spain 10%, France 5%, Turkey 4%, Tunisia 4% (1999)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March calendar year
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; near the hoist side of the red band, there is a vertical, white crescent (closed portion is toward the hoist side) partially enclosing five white five-pointed stars arranged in a circle plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion)
GDP - purchasing power parity - $45.4 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 0% negligible


industry: 32.6%


services: 67.4% (2004 est.)
agriculture:
7%

industry:
47%

services:
46% (1997 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $27,800 (2004 est.) purchasing power parity - $8,900 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 8.1% (2004 est.) 6.5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 1 22 N, 103 48 E 25 00 N, 17 00 E
Geography - note focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes -
Highways total: 3,130 km


paved: 3,130 km (including 150 km of expressways)


unpaved: 0 km (2002)
total:
24,484 km

paved:
6,800 km

unpaved:
17,684 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, to be used as a transit point for Golden Triangle heroin and as a venue for money laundering -
Imports NA $7.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, mineral fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs machinery, transport equipment, food, manufactured goods
Imports - partners Malaysia 15.3%, US 12.7%, Japan 11.7%, China 9.9%, Taiwan 5.7%, South Korea 4.3%, Thailand 4.1% (2004) Italy 24%, Germany 12%, Tunisia 9%, UK 7%, France 6%, South Korea 5% (1999)
Independence 9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation) 24 December 1951 (from Italy)
Industrial production growth rate 11.1% (2004 est.) NA%
Industries electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore platform construction, life sciences, entrepot trade petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement
Infant mortality rate total: 2.29 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 2.5 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 2.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
28.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.7% (2004 est.) 18.5% (2000 est.)
International organization participation APEC, APT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, BIS, C, CP, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CAEU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 4,700 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president with the advice of the prime minister, other judges are appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice); Court of Appeals Supreme Court
Labor force 2.18 million (2004 est.) 1.5 million (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation manufacturing 18%, construction 6%, transportation and communication 11%, financial, business, and other services 49%, other 16% (2003) services and government 54%, industry 29%, agriculture 17% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
4,383 km

border countries:
Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,150 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km
Land use arable land: 1.64%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 98.36% (2001)
arable land:
1%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
8%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
91% (1993 est.)
Languages Mandarin 35%, English 23%, Malay 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%, Cantonese 5.7%, Teochew 4.9%, Tamil 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 1.8%, other 0.9% (2000 census) Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities
Legal system based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament (84 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - in addition, there are up to nine nominated members; the losing opposition candidate who came closest to winning a seat may be appointed as a "nonconstituency" member


elections: last held 3 November 2001 (next to be held not later than 25 June 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - PAP 75.3% (in contested constituencies), other 24.7%; seats by party - PAP 82, WP 1, SPP 1
unicameral General People's Congress (NA seats; members elected indirectly through a hierarchy of people's committees)
Life expectancy at birth total population: 81.62 years


male: 79.05 years


female: 84.39 years (2005 est.)
total population:
75.65 years

male:
73.53 years

female:
77.88 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 92.5%


male: 96.6%


female: 88.6% (2002)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
76.2%

male:
87.9%

female:
63% (1995 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia
Map references Southeast Asia Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 3 nm


exclusive fishing zone: within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice
territorial sea:
12 NM

note:
Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north
Merchant marine total: 923 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 23,065,290 GRT/36,393,317 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 138, cargo 86, chemical tanker 115, combination ore/oil 5, container 180, liquefied gas 42, livestock carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 316, refrigerated cargo 3, vehicle carrier 36


foreign-owned: 487 (Australia 5, Bangladesh 1, Belgium 10, China 15, Denmark 34, Germany 7, Greece 5, Hong Kong 43, India 3, Indonesia 54, Japan 83, Malaysia 31, Norway 83, Philippines 3, Russia 1, Slovenia 1, South Korea 12, Sweden 12, Taiwan 44, Thailand 17, UAE 6, United Kingdom 12, United States 5)


registered in other countries: 276 (2005)
total:
28 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 399,725 GRT/654,843 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 10, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 6, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea passenger 4 (2000 est.)
Military branches Singapore Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense (2005) Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Command
Military expenditures - dollar figure $4.47 billion (FY01 est.) $1.3 billion (FY99/00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 4.9% (FY01) 3.9% (FY99/00)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
1,459,400 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
866,012 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 17 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
61,694 (2001 est.)
National holiday National Day, 9 August (1965) Revolution Day, 1 September (1969)
Nationality noun: Singaporean(s)


adjective: Singapore
noun:
Libyan(s)

adjective:
Libyan
Natural hazards NA hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms
Natural resources fish, deepwater ports petroleum, natural gas, gypsum
Net migration rate 10.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines gas 139 km (2004) crude oil 4,383 km; petroleum products 443 km (includes liquefied petroleum gas or LPG 256 km); natural gas 1,947 km
Political parties and leaders governing party: People's Action Party or PAP [LEE Hsien Loong]; opposition parties: Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [LING How Dong]; National Solidarity Party or NSP [vacant] (SDA group); Singapore Democratic Alliance or SDA [CHIAM See Tong] (includes SPP, PKMS, NSP, SJP); Singapore Democratic Party or SDP [CHEE Soon Juan]; Singapore Justice Party or SJP [Desmond LIM] (SDA group); Singapore National Malay Organization or PKMS [Malik ISMAIL] (SDA group); Singapore People's Party or SPP [CHIAM See Tong] (SDA group); Workers' Party or WP [Sylvia Lim Swee LIAN] none
Political pressure groups and leaders NA various Arab nationalist movements with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements
Population 4,425,720 (July 2005 est.) 5,240,599

note:
includes 662,669 non-nationals, of which an estimated 500,000 or more are Africans living in Libya (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA NA%
Population growth rate 1.56% (2005 est.) 2.42% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Singapore Al Khums, Banghazi, Darnah, Marsa al Burayqah, Misratah, Ra's Lanuf, Tobruk, Tripoli, Zuwarah
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 17, shortwave 2 (2003) AM 17, FM 4, shortwave 3 (1998)
Radios - 1.35 million (1997)
Railways - note:
Libya has had no railroad in operation since 1965, all previous systems having been dismantled; current plans are to construct a 1.435-m standard gauge line from the Tunisian frontier to Tripoli and Misratah, then inland to Sabha, center of a mineral-rich area, but there has been little progress; other plans made jointly with Egypt would establish a rail line from As Sallum, Egypt, to Tobruk with completion originally set for mid-1994; Libya signed contracts with two private companies - Bahne of Egypt and Jez Sistemas Ferroviarios of Spain - in 1998 for the supply of crossings and pointwork (1001)
Religions Buddhist 42.5%, Muslim 14.9%, Taoist 8.5%, Hindu 4%, Catholic 4.8%, other Christian 9.8%, other 0.7%, none 14.8% (2000 census) Sunni Muslim 97%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.07 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.97 male(s)/female

total population:
1.06 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 21 years of age; universal and compulsory 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system general assessment: excellent service


domestic: excellent domestic facilities


international: country code - 65; submarine cables to Malaysia (Sabah and Peninsular Malaysia), Indonesia, and the Philippines; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific Ocean region)
general assessment:
telecommunications system is being modernized; mobile cellular telephone system became operational in 1996

domestic:
microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, cellular, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations

international:
satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cables to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (1999)
Telephones - main lines in use 1,896,100 (2004) 380,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular 3,521,800 (2004) NA
Television broadcast stations 7 (2003) 12 (plus one low-power repeater) (1998)
Terrain lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water catchment area and nature preserve mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions
Total fertility rate 1.05 children born/woman (2005 est.) 3.64 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 3.4% (2004 est.) 30% (2000 est.)
Waterways - none
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