Compare Seychelles (2002) - Seychelles (2003)

Compare Seychelles (2002) z Seychelles (2003)

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	Seychelles (2002)	Seychelles (2003)

Age structure	0-14 years: 27.8% (male 11,238; female 11,002) 15-64 years: 66% (male 25,763; female 27,086) 65 years and over: 6.2% (male 1,667; female 3,342) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 27.3% (male 11,116; female 10,844) 15-64 years: 66.5% (male 26,068; female 27,425) 65 years and over: 6.2% (male 1,654; female 3,362) (2003 est.)
Airports	14 (2001)	14 (2002)
Background	A lengthy struggle between France and Great Britain for the islands ended in 1814, when they were ceded to the latter. Independence came in 1976. Socialist rule was brought to a close with a new constitution and free elections in 1993.	A lengthy struggle between France and Great Britain for the islands ended in 1814, when they were ceded to the latter. Independence came in 1976. Socialist rule was brought to a close with a new constitution and free elections in 1993. The most recent presidential elections were held 31 August-2 September 2001. President RENE, who has served since 1977, was re-elected.
Birth rate	17.27 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	16.89 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	revenues: $249 million expenditures: $262 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.) (1998 est.)	revenues: $249 million expenditures: $262 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
Death rate	6.57 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	6.49 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$240 million (1999 est.)	$170 million (2002 est.)
Economic aid - recipient	$16.4 million (1995) (1995)	$16.4 million (1995)
Economy - overview	Since independence in 1976, per capita output in this Indian Ocean archipelago has expanded to roughly seven times the old near-subsistence level. Growth has been led by the tourist sector, which employs about 30% of the labor force and provides more than 70% of hard currency earnings, and by tuna fishing. In recent years the government has encouraged foreign investment in order to upgrade hotels and other services. At the same time, the government has moved to reduce the dependence on tourism by promoting the development of farming, fishing, and small-scale manufacturing. The vulnerability of the tourist sector was illustrated by the sharp drop in 1991-92 due largely to the Gulf war and once again following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the US. Other issues facing the government are the curbing of the budget deficit, including the containment of social welfare costs, and further privatization of public enterprises. Growth slowed in 1998-2001, due to sluggish tourist and tuna sectors. Also, tight controls on exchange rates and the scarcity of foreign exchange have impaired short-term economic prospects. The black market value of the Seychelles rupee is half the official exchange rate; without a devaluation of the currency the tourist sector should remain sluggish as vacationers seek cheaper destinations such as Comoros, Mauritius, and Madagascar.	Since independence in 1976, per capita output in this Indian Ocean archipelago has expanded to roughly seven times the old near-subsistence level. Growth has been led by the tourist sector, which employs about 30% of the labor force and provides more than 70% of hard currency earnings, and by tuna fishing. In recent years the government has encouraged foreign investment in order to upgrade hotels and other services. At the same time, the government has moved to reduce the dependence on tourism by promoting the development of farming, fishing, and small-scale manufacturing. A sharp drop illustrated the vulnerability of the tourist sector in 1991-92 due largely to the Gulf war, and once again following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the US. Other issues facing the government are the curbing of the budget deficit, including the containment of social welfare costs, and further privatization of public enterprises. Growth slowed in 1998-2002, due to sluggish tourist and tuna sectors. Also, tight controls on exchange rates and the scarcity of foreign exchange have impaired short-term economic prospects. The black market value of the Seychelles rupee is half the official exchange rate; without a devaluation of the currency the tourist sector should remain sluggish as vacationers seek cheaper destinations such as Comoros, Mauritius, and Madagascar.
Electricity - consumption	148.8 million kWh (2000)	148.8 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	160 million kWh (2000)	160 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Exchange rates	Seychelles rupees per US dollar - 5.7458 (January 2002), 5.8575 (2001), 5.7138 (2000), 5.3426 (1999), 5.2622 (1998), 5.0263 (1997)	Seychelles rupees per US dollar - 5.48 (2002), 5.86 (2001), 5.71 (2000), 5.34 (1999), 5.26 (1998)
Exports	$182.6 million f.o.b. (2001)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	canned tuna, cinnamon bark, copra, petroleum products (reexports)	canned tuna, frozen fish, cinnamon bark, copra, petroleum products (reexports)
Exports - partners	UK 48.1%, Italy 23.1%, France 14.8%, Netherlands 2.7% (1999)	UK 28.6%, France 20%, Italy 8.7%, US 8.4%, Spain 6.7%, Japan 6.7%, Netherlands 6.6%, Thailand 6.4% (2002)
GDP	purchasing power parity - $605 million (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $626 million (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 3% industry: 26% services: 71% (1999) (1999)	agriculture: 2.4% industry: 24.4% services: 73.2% (2000)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $7,600 (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $7,800 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	1.5% (2001 est.)	1.5% (2002 est.)
Highways	total: 280 km paved: 176 km unpaved: 104 km (1997)	total: 373 km paved: 315 km unpaved: 58 km (1997 est.)
Imports	$360.2 million f.o.b. (2001)	NA (2001)
Imports - partners	Italy 13.3%, South Africa 10.7%, France 9.9%, UK 8.0%, Singapore 7.7% (1999)	Saudi Arabia 15.6%, France 12.8%, Spain 9.9%, Italy 9.7%, South Africa 8.4%, Singapore 7.3%, UK 6.1%, Taiwan 4.2% (2002)
Infant mortality rate	16.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: 16.41 deaths/1,000 live births male: 20.75 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.94 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	6.1% (2001 est.)	0.5% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, C, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Labor force	30,900 (1996) (1996)	30,900 (1996)
Labor force - by occupation	industry 19%, services 71%, agriculture 10% (1989) (1989)	industry 19%, services 71%, agriculture 10% (1989)
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 70.97 years male: 65.48 years female: 76.63 years (2002 est.)	total population: 71.25 years male: 65.78 years female: 76.88 years (2003 est.)
Merchant marine	total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 7,086 GRT/10,192 DWT ships by type: cargo 2 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: South Africa 2 (2002 est.)	total: 5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 37,281 GRT/55,702 DWT ships by type: cargo 3, chemical tanker 1, container 1 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: South Africa 2 (2002 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$11 million (FY01)	$12.8 million (FY02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.8% (FY01)	1.8% (FY02)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 23,210 (2002 est.)	males age 15-49: 23,444 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 11,554 (2002 est.)	males age 15-49: 11,639 (2003 est.)
Net migration rate	-5.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-5.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Democratic Party or DP [James MANCHAM]; Seychelles National Party or SNP (formerly the United Opposition or UO) [Wavel RAMKALAWAN]; Seychelles People's Progressive Front or SPPF [France Albert RENE] - the governing party	Democratic Party or DP [James MANCHAM, Daniel BELLE]; Mouvement Seychellois pour la Democratie [Jacques HODOUL]; Seychelles National Party or SNP (formerly the United Opposition or UO) [Wavel RAMKALAWAN]; Seychelles People's Progressive Front or SPPF [France Albert RENE, James MICHEL] - the governing party
Population	80,098 (July 2002 est.)	80,469 (July 2003 est.)
Population growth rate	0.47% (2002 est.)	0.46% (2003 est.)
Radios	42,000 (1997)	-
Railways	0 km (2003)	0 km
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.5 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.49 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Total fertility rate	1.81 children born/woman (2002 est.)	1.79 children born/woman (2003 est.)

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