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Compare Serbia (2006) - Mauritius (2001)

Compare Serbia (2006) z Mauritius (2001)

 Serbia (2006)Mauritius (2001)
 SerbiaMauritius
Administrative divisions 29 districts (okrugov; singular - okrug), 1 capital city*


Serbia Proper: Belgrad*, Bor, Branicevo, Jablanica, Kolubara, Macva, Moravica, Nisava, Pcinja, Pirot, Podunavlje, Pomoravlje, Rasina, Raska, Sumadija, Toplica, Zajecar, Zlatibor


Vojvodina Autonomous Province: Central Banat, North Backa, North Banat, South Backa, South Banat, Srem, West Backa


Kosovo and Metojia Autonomous Province: Kosovo, Kosovska-Mitrovica, Kosovo-Pomoravlje, Pec, Prizren
9 districts and 3 dependencies*; Agalega Islands*, Black River, Cargados Carajos Shoals*, Flacq, Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses, Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere du Rempart, Rodrigues*, Savanne
Age structure - 0-14 years:
25.53% (male 153,691; female 150,094)

15-64 years:
68.24% (male 404,940; female 407,056)

65 years and over:
6.23% (male 29,588; female 44,456) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products wheat, maize, sugar beets, sunflower, beef, pork, milk sugarcane, tea, corn, potatoes, bananas, pulses; cattle, goats; fish
Airports 39 (2006) 5 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 16


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 4


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 2


under 914 m: 4 (2006)
total:
2

over 3,047 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 23


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 9


under 914 m: 12 (2006)
total:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Area total: 88,361 sq km


land: 88,361 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
1,860 sq km

land:
1,850 sq km

water:
10 sq km

note:
includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues
Area - comparative slightly larger than South Carolina almost 11 times the size of Washington, DC
Background The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was formed in 1918; its name was changed to Yugoslavia in 1929. Occupation by Nazi Germany in 1941 was resisted by various paramilitary bands that fought each other as well as the invaders. The group headed by Josip TITO took full control of Yugoslavia upon German expulsion in 1945. Although Communist, his new government and its successors (he died in 1980) managed to steer their own path between the Warsaw Pact nations and the West for the next four and a half decades. In the early 1990s, post-TITO Yugoslavia began to unravel along ethnic lines: Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina were recognized as independent states in 1992. The remaining republics of Serbia and Montenegro declared a new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) in April 1992 and, under President Slobodan MILOSEVIC, Serbia led various military intervention efforts to unite ethnic Serbs in neighboring republics into a "Greater Serbia." These actions led to Yugoslavia being ousted from the UN in 1992, but Serbia continued its campaign until signing the Dayton Peace Accords in 1995. In 1998-99, massive expulsions by FRY forces and Serb paramilitaries of ethnic Albanians living in Kosovo provoked an international response, including the NATO bombing of Belgrade and the stationing of a NATO-led force (KFOR), in Kosovo. Federal elections in the fall of 2000, brought about the ouster of MILOSEVIC and installed Vojislav KOSTUNICA as president. The arrest of MILOSEVIC in 2001 allowed for his subsequent transfer to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in The Hague to be tried for crimes against humanity. In 2001, the country's suspension from the UN was lifted, and it was once more accepted into UN organizations under the name of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Kosovo has been governed by the UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) since June 1999, under the authority of UN Security Council Resolution 1244, pending a determination by the international community of its future status. In 2002, the Serbian and Montenegrin components of Yugoslavia began negotiations to forge a looser relationship. In February 2003 lawmakers restructured the country into a loose federation of two republics called Serbia and Montenegro. The Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro included a provision that allowed either republic to hold a referendum after three years that would allow for their independence from the state union. In the spring of 2006, Montenegro took advantage of the provision to undertake a successful independence vote enabling it to secede on 3 June. Two days later, Serbia declared that it was the successor state to the union of Serbia and Montenegro. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1505, Mauritius was subsequently held by the Dutch, French, and British before independence was attained in 1968. A stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record, the country has attracted considerable foreign investment and has earned one of Africa's highest per capita incomes. Recent poor weather and declining sugar prices have slowed economic growth leading to some protests over standards of living in the Creole community.
Birth rate - 16.5 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $11.45 billion


expenditures: $11.12 billion; including capital expenditures $NA; note - figures are for Serbia and Montenegro; Serbian Statistical Office indicates that for 2006 budget, Serbia will have revenues of $7.08 billion (2005 est.)
revenues:
$1.1 billion

expenditures:
$1.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital name: Belgrade


geographic coordinates: 44 50 N, 20 30 E


time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Port Louis
Climate in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); in other parts, continental and Mediterranean climate (hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall) tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 177 km
Constitution 28 September 1990; note - a new draft constitution approved by Parliament on 30 September 2006 stresses that Kosovo is an integral part of Serbia; the draft must still be approved by a national referendum 12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Serbia


conventional short form: Serbia


local long form: Republika Srbija


local short form: Srbija


former: People's Republic of Serbia, Socialist Republic of Serbia
conventional long form:
Republic of Mauritius

conventional short form:
Mauritius
Currency - Mauritian rupee (MUR)
Death rate - 6.82 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $15.43 billion (including Montenegro) (2005 est.) $1.9 billion (1998 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Michael C. POLT


embassy: Kneza Milosa 50, 11000 Belgrade


mailing address: 5070 Belgrade Place, Washington, DC 20521-5070


telephone: [381] (11) 361-9344


FAX: [381] (11) 361-8230


note: there is a branch office in Pristina at 30 Nazim Hikmet 38000 Prstina, Kososvo; telephone: [381] (38) 549-516; FAX:[381] (38) 549-890
chief of mission:
Ambassador Mark W. ERWIN

embassy:
4th Floor, Rogers House, John Kennedy Street, Port Louis

mailing address:
international mail: P. O. Box 544, Port Louis; US mail: American Embassy, Port Louis, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2450

telephone:
[230] 208-2347, 208-2354, 208-9763 through 9767

FAX:
[230] 208-9534
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Ivan VUJACIC


chancery: 2134 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 332-0333


FAX: [1] (202) 332-3933


consulate(s) general: Chicago, New York
chief of mission:
Ambassador Usha JEETAH

chancery:
Suite 441, 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 244-1491, 1492

FAX:
[1] (202) 966-0983
Disputes - international the final status of the Serbian province of Kosovo remains unresolved and several thousand peacekeepers from the UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) have administered the region since 1999, with Kosovar Albanians overwhelmingly supporting and Serbian officials opposing Kosovo independence; the international community had agreed to begin a process to determine final status but contingency of solidifying multi-ethnic democracy in Kosovo has not been satisfied; ethnic Albanians in Kosovo refuse demarcation of the boundary with Macedonia in accordance with the 2000 Macedonia-Serbia and Montenegro delimitation agreement; Serbia and Montenegro delimited about half of the boundary with Bosnia and Herzegovina, but sections with Serbia along the Drina River remain in dispute claims the Chagos Archipelago (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory); claims French-administered Tromelin Island
Economic aid - recipient $2 billion pledged in 2001 to Serbia and Montenegro (disbursements to follow over several years; aid pledged by EU and US has been placed on hold because of lack of cooperation by Serbia in handing over General Ratco MLADIC to the criminal court in The Hague) $42 million (1997)
Economy - overview MILOSEVIC-era mismanagement of the economy, an extended period of economic sanctions, and the damage to Yugoslavia's infrastructure and industry during the NATO airstrikes in 1999 left the economy only half the size it was in 1990. After the ousting of former Federal Yugoslav President MILOSEVIC in October 2000, the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) coalition government implemented stabilization measures and embarked on a market reform program. After renewing its membership in the IMF in December 2000, a down-sized Yugoslavia continued to reintegrate into the international community by rejoining the World Bank (IBRD) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). A World Bank-European Commission sponsored Donors' Conference held in June 2001 raised $1.3 billion for economic restructuring. In November 2001, the Paris Club agreed to reschedule the country's $4.5 billion public debt and wrote off 66% of the debt. In July 2004, the London Club of private creditors forgave $1.7 billion of debt, just over half the total owed. Belgrade has made only minimal progress in restructuring and privatizing its holdings in major sectors of the economy, including energy and telecommunications. It has made halting progress towards EU membership and is currently pursuing a Stabilization and Association Agreement with Brussels. Serbia is also pursuing membership in the World Trade Organization. Unemployment remains an ongoing political and economic problem. The Republic of Montenegro severed its economy from Serbia during the MILOSEVIC era; therefore, the formal separation of Serbia and Montenegro in June 2006 had little real impact on either economy. Kosovo's economy continues to transition to a market-based system and is largely dependent on the international community and the diaspora for financial and technical assistance. The euro and the Yugoslav dinar are both accepted currencies in Kosovo. While maintaining ultimate oversight, UNMIK continues to work with the EU and Kosovo's local provisional government to accelerate economic growth, lower unemployment, and attract foreign investment to help Kosovo integrate into regional economic structures. The complexity of Serbia and Kosovo's political and legal relationships has created uncertainty over property rights and hindered the privatization of state-owned assets in Kosovo. Most of Kosovo's population lives in rural towns outside of the largest city, Pristina. Inefficient, near-subsistence farming is common.


note: economic data for Serbia currently reflects information for the former Serbia and Montenegro, unless otherwise noted; data for Serbia alone will be added when available
Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has developed from a low-income, agriculturally based economy to a middle-income diversified economy with growing industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. For most of the period, annual growth has been in the order of 5% to 6%. This remarkable achievement has been reflected in increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much-improved infrastructure. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 25% of export earnings. The government's development strategy centers on foreign investment. Mauritius has attracted more than 9,000 offshore entities, many aimed at commerce in India and South Africa, and investment in the banking sector alone has reached over $1 billion. Economic performance since 1991 has continued strong with solid growth and low unemployment.
Electricity - consumption NA 1.172 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 12.05 billion kWh (excluding Kosovo; exported to Montenegro) (2004) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 11.23 billion kWh (excluding Kosovo; imports from Montenegro) (2004) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 33.87 billion kWh (excluding Kosovo and Montenegro) (2004) 1.26 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
91.27%

hydro:
8.73%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: NA


highest point: Daravica 2,656 m
lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mont Piton 828 m
Environment - current issues air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water pollution from industrial wastes dumped into the Sava which flows into the Danube water pollution, degradation of coral reefs
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Serb 66%, Albanian 17%, Hungarian 3.5%, other 13.5% (1991) Indo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%, Franco-Mauritian 2%
Exchange rates new Yugoslav dinars per US dollar - 58.6925 (2005) Mauritian rupees per US dollar - 27.900 (January 2001), 26.250 (2000), 25.186 (1999), 22.993 (1998), 21.057 (1997), 17.948 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Boris TADIC (since 11 July 2004)


head of government: Prime Minister Vojislav KOSTUNICA (since 3 March 2004)


cabinet: Federal Ministries act as cabinet


elections: president elected by direct vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 27 June 2004 (next to be held June 2009); prime minister elected by the Assembly


election results: Boris TADIC elected president in the second round of voting; Boris TADIC received 53% of the vote
chief of state:
President Cassam UTEEM (since 1 July 1992) and Vice President Angidi Verriah CHETTIAR (since 28 June 1997)

head of government:
Prime Minister Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH (since 17 September 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister Paul BERENGER (since 17 September 2000)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

elections:
president and vice president elected by the National Assembly for five-year terms; election last held 28 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president and are responsible to the National Assembly

election results:
Cassam UTEEM reelected president and Angidi Verriah CHETTIAR elected vice president; percent of vote by the National Assembly - NA%
Exports 0 cu m $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1999)
Exports - commodities manufactured goods, food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment clothing and textiles, sugar, cut flowers, molasses
Exports - partners - UK 32%, France 19%, US 15%, Germany 6%, Italy 4% (1999 est.)
Fiscal year - 1 July - 30 June
Flag description three equal horizontal stripes of red (top), blue, and white; charged with the coat of arms of Serbia shifted slightly to the hoist side four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green
GDP - purchasing power parity - $12.3 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 16.6%


industry: 25.5%


services: 57.9% (2005 est.)
agriculture:
10%

industry:
29%

services:
61% (1996)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $10,400 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5.9% for Serbia alone (excluding Kosovo) (2005 est.) 7.5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 44 00 N, 21 00 E 20 17 S, 57 33 E
Geography - note controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near East -
Heliports 4 (2006) -
Highways - total:
1,910 km

paved:
1,834 km (including 36 km of expressways)

unpaved:
76 km (1998)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route; economy vulnerable to money laundering minor consumer and transshipment point for heroin from South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally
Imports 0 cu m $2.3 billion (f.o.b., 1999)
Imports - commodities - manufactured goods, capital equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals (1996)
Imports - partners - France 14%, South Africa 11%, India 8%, UK 5% (1999 est.)
Independence 5 June 2006 (from Serbia and Montenegro) 12 March 1968 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 1.4% (2006 est.) 8% (2000 est.)
Industries sugar, agricultural machinery, electrical and communication equipment, paper and pulp, lead, transportation equipment food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, clothing; chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery; tourism
Infant mortality rate - 17.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 15.5% (2005 est.) 5.3% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, BIS, BSEC, CE, CEI, EBRD, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD (suspended), IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SECI, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer) ACCT, ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, InOC, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 2 (2000)
Irrigated land NA 170 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Constitutional Court (nine justices with life tenure) Supreme Court
Labor force 2.961 million for Serbia (including Kosovo) (2002 est.) 514,000 (1995)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 30%


industry: 46%


services: 24%


note: excluding Kosovo and Montenegro (2002)
construction and industry 36%, services 24%, agriculture and fishing 14%, trade, restaurants, hotels 16%, transportation and communication 7%, finance 3% (1995)
Land boundaries total: 2,027 km


border countries: Albania 115 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 302 km, Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia 241 km, Hungary 151 km, Macedonia 221 km, Montenegro 203 km, Romania 476 km
0 km
Land use arable land: NA


permanent crops: NA


other: NA
arable land:
49%

permanent crops:
3%

permanent pastures:
3%

forests and woodland:
22%

other:
23% (1993 est.)
Languages Serbian (official nationwide); Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak, Ukrainian, and Croatian (all official in Vojvodina); Albanian (official in Kosovo) English (official), Creole, French, Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bojpoori
Legal system based on civil law system based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly (250 deputies elected by direct vote for a four-year term)


elections: last held 28 December 2003 (next to be held December 2007)


election results: SRS 83, DSS 53, DS 37, G17 Plus 34, SPO-NS 22, SPS 22
unicameral National Assembly (66 seats - 62 elected by popular vote, 4 appointed by the election commission from the losing political parties to give representation to various ethnic minorities; members serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held on 11 September 2000 (next to be held by September 2005)

election results:
percent of vote by party - MSM/MMM 52.3%, MLP/PMSD 36.9%, OPR 10.8%; seats by party - MSM/MMM 54, MLP/PMSD 6, OPR 2
Life expectancy at birth total population: 74 years


male: 71 years


female: 76 years
total population:
71.25 years

male:
67.26 years

female:
75.31 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 96.4%


male: 98.9%


female: 94.1% (2002 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
82.9%

male:
87.1%

female:
78.8% (1995 est.)
Location Southeastern Europe, between Macedonia and Hungary Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Map references Europe World
Maritime claims none (landlocked) continental shelf:
200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine note: see entry for Montenegro total:
9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 61,909 GRT/87,313 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 2, combination bulk 2, container 2, liquefied gas 1, refrigerated cargo 2

note:
includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: India 1 (2000 est.)
Military branches Serbian Armed Forces (Vojska Srbije, VS): Serbian Land Forces (Kopnene Vojska, KoV), Air Force and Air Defense Force (Vozduhoplostvo i Protivozduhoplovna Odbrana, ViPO), naval force to be determined (2006) National Police Force (includes the paramilitary Special Mobile Force or SMF and National Coast Guard)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $14.85 million $11 million (FY97/98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 0.3% (FY97/98)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
339,473 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
171,206 (2001 est.)
National holiday National Day, 27 April Independence Day, 12 March (1968)
Nationality noun: Serb(s)


adjective: Serbian
noun:
Mauritian(s)

adjective:
Mauritian
Natural hazards destructive earthquakes cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards
Natural resources oil, gas, coal, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, antimony, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, magnesium, pyrite, limestone, marble, salt, arable land arable land, fish
Net migration rate - -0.92 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines gas 3,177 km; oil 393 km (2006) -
Political parties and leaders Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [Vojislav KOSTUNICA]; Democratic Party or DS [Boris TADIC]; G17 Plus [Mladjan DINKIC is acting leader]; Serbian Radical Party or SRS [Vojislav SESELJ, but Tomislav NIKOLIC is acting leader]; Socialist Party of Serbia or SPS [vacant, but Ivica DACIC is head of the SPS Main Board]; New Serbia or NS [Velimir ILIC]; Serbian Renewal Movement or SPO [Vuk DRASKOVIC] Hizbullah [Cehl Mohamed FAKEEMEEAH]; Mauritian Labor Party or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movement or MMM [Paul BERENGER] - in coalition with MSM; Mauritian Militant Renaissance or MMR [Dr. Paramhansa NABABSING]; Mauritian Social Democrat Party or PMSD [Charles Xavier-Luc DUVAL]; Militant Socialist Movement or MSM [Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH] - governing party; Rodrigues Movement or OPR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]
Political pressure groups and leaders - various labor unions
Population 9,396,411 (2002 census) 1,189,825 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 30%


note: data covers the former Serbia and Montenegro (1999 est.)
10.6% (1992 est.)
Population growth rate - 0.88% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - Port Louis
Radio broadcast stations 153 (2001) AM 5, FM 9, shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios - 420,000 (1997)
Railways total: 4,135 km


standard guage: 4,135 km 1.435-m guage (electrified 1,195 km) (2005)
0 km
Religions Serbian Orthodox, Muslim, Roman Catholic, Protestant Hindu 52%, Christian 28.3% (Roman Catholic 26%, Protestant 2.3%), Muslim 16.6%, other 3.1%
Sex ratio - at birth:
1.02 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.67 male(s)/female

total population:
0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: modernization of the telecommunications network has been slow as a result of damage stemming from the 1999 war and transition to a competitive market-based system; network was only 65% digitalized in 2005


domestic: teledensity remains below the average for neighboring states; GSM wireless service, available through two providers with national coverage, is growing very rapidly; best telecommunications service limited to urban centers


international: country code - 381
general assessment:
small system with good service

domestic:
primarily microwave radio relay

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several countries
Telephones - main lines in use 2,685,400 (2004) 223,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 5.229 million (2005) 37,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations - 2 (plus 11 repeaters) (1997)
Terrain extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau
Total fertility rate 1.78 children born/woman (2006 est.) 2.01 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 31.6%


note: unemployment is approximately 50% in Kosovo (2005 est.)
6.4% (1999 est.)
Waterways 587 km - primarily on Danube and Sava rivers (2005) none
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