Compare Romania (2004) - Jersey (2002)

Compare Romania (2004) z Jersey (2002)

	Romania (2004)	Jersey (2002)

Administrative divisions	41 counties (judete, singular - judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dimbovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Ilfov, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Vilcea, Vrancea	none (British crown dependency)
Age structure	0-14 years: 16.2% (male 1,861,801; female 1,770,746) 15-64 years: 69.4% (male 7,712,612; female 7,791,900) 65 years and over: 14.4% (male 1,330,994; female 1,887,498) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 17.9% (male 8,287; female 7,729) 15-64 years: 67.3% (male 30,099; female 30,347) 65 years and over: 14.8% (male 5,729; female 7,584) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, grapes; eggs, sheep	potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes; beef, dairy products
Airports	62 (2003 est.)	1 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 25 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 (2004 est.)	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 36 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 10 under 914 m: 24 (2004 est.)	-
Area	total: 237,500 sq km land: 230,340 sq km water: 7,160 sq km	total: 116 sq km land: 116 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Oregon	about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	The principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia - for centuries under the suzerainty of the Turkish Ottoman Empire - secured their autonomy in 1856; they united in 1859 and a few years later adopted the new name of Romania. The country gained full independence in 1878. It joined the Allied Powers in World War I and acquired new territories following the conflict. In 1940, it allied with the Axis powers and participated in the 1941 German invasion of the USSR. Three years later, overrun by the Soviets, Romania signed an armistice. The post-war Soviet occupation led to the formation of a Communist "people's republic" in 1947 and the abdication of the king. The decades-long rule of dictator Nicolae CEAUSESCU, who took power in 1965, and his Securitate police state became increasingly oppressive and draconian through the 1980s. CEAUSESCU was overthrown and executed in late 1989. Former Communists dominated the government until 1996, when they were swept from power by a fractious coalition of centrist parties. In 2000, the center-left Social Democratic Party (PSD) became Romania's leading party, governing with the support of the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR). The opposition center-right alliance formed by the National Liberal Party (PNL) and the Democratic Party (PD) scored a surprise victory over the ruling PSD in December 2004 presidential elections. The PNL-PD alliance maintains a parliamentary majority with the support of the UDMR, the Humanist Party (PUR), and various ethnic minority groups. Although Romania completed accession talks with the European Union (EU) in December 2004, it must continue to address rampant corruption - while invigorating lagging economic and democratic reforms - before it can achieve its hope of joining the EU, tentatively set for 2007. Romania joined NATO in March of 2004.	The island of Jersey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Dukedom of Normandy that held sway in both France and England. These islands were the only British soil occupied by German troops in World War II.
Birth rate	10.69 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	10.86 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $17.06 billion expenditures: $18.38 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)	revenues: $601 million expenditures: $588 million, including capital expenditures of $98 million (2000 est.)
Capital	Bucharest	Saint Helier
Climate	temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms	temperate; mild winters and cool summers
Coastline	225 km	70 km
Constitution	8 December 1991; revision came into force 29 October 2003	unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Romania local long form: none local short form: Romania	conventional long form: Bailiwick of Jersey conventional short form: Jersey
Currency	leu (ROL)	British pound (GBP); note - there is also a Jersey pound
Death rate	11.69 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	9.22 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$18.34 billion (2003 est.)	none
Dependency status	-	British crown dependency
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Jack Dyer CROUCH II embassy: Strada Tudor Arghezi 7-9, Bucharest mailing address: American Embassy Bucharest, Department of State, 5260 Bucharest Place, Washington, DC 20521-5260 (pouch) telephone: [40] (21) 210-4042 FAX: [40] (21) 210-0395 branch office(s): Cluj-Napoca	none (British crown dependency)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Sorin Dumitru DUCARU chancery: 1607 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 332-4846, 4848, 4851 FAX: [1] (202) 232-4748 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York	none (British crown dependency)
Disputes - international	has not resolved claims to Ukrainian-administered Zmyinyy (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary despite ongoing talks based on 1997 friendship treaty to find a solution in two years; Hungary amended status law extending special social and cultural benefits to ethnic Hungarians in Romania, who had objected to the law	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	none
Economy - overview	Romania began the transition from Communism in 1989 with a largely obsolete industrial base and a pattern of output unsuited to the country's needs. The country emerged in 2000 from a punishing three-year recession thanks to strong demand in EU export markets. Despite the global slowdown in 2001-02, strong domestic activity in construction, agriculture, and consumption have kept growth above 4%. An IMF standby agreement, signed in 2001, was accompanied by slow but palpable gains in privatization, deficit reduction, and the curbing of inflation. The IMF Board approved Romania's completion of the standby agreement in October 2003, the first time Romania had successfully concluded an IMF agreement since the 1989 revolution. In July 2004, the Executive Board of the IMF approved a 24-month standby arrangement for $367 million. The Romanian authorities do not intend to draw on this arrangement, viewing it as a precaution. Meanwhile, recent macroeconomic gains have done little to address Romania's widespread poverty, and corruption and red tape handicap the business environment.	The economy is based largely on international financial services, agriculture, and tourism. Potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes, and especially flowers are important export crops, shipped mostly to the UK. The Jersey breed of dairy cattle is known worldwide and represents an important export income earner. Milk products go to the UK and other EU countries. In 1996 the finance sector accounted for about 60% of the island's output. Tourism, another mainstay of the economy, accounts for 24% of GDP. In recent years, the government has encouraged light industry to locate in Jersey, with the result that an electronics industry has developed alongside the traditional manufacturing of knitwear. All raw material and energy requirements are imported, as well as a large share of Jersey's food needs. Light taxes and death duties make the island a popular tax haven.
Electricity - consumption	46.1 billion kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - exports	1.6 billion kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - imports	400 million kWh (2001)	NA kWh note: electricity supplied by France
Electricity - production	50.86 billion kWh (2001)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Black Sea 0 m highest point: Moldoveanu 2,544 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 143 m
Environment - current issues	soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants	-
Ethnic groups	Romanian 89.5%, Hungarian 6.6%, Roma 2.5%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, Turkish 0.2%, other 0.4% (2002)	UK and Norman-French descent
Exchange rates	lei per US dollar - 33,200.1 (2003), 33,055.4 (2002), 29,060.8 (2001), 21,708.7 (2000), 15,332.8 (1999)	Jersey pounds per US dollar - 0.6981 (January 2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997); the Jersey pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch	chief of state: President Traian BASESCU (since 20 December 2004) head of government: Prime Minister Calin Popescu TARICEANU (since 29 December 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 28 November 2004, with runoff between the top two candidates held 12 December 2004 (next to be held 28 November 2009 and 12 December 2009); prime minister appointed by the president election results: percent of vote - Traian BASESCU 51.23%, Adrian NASTASE 48.77%	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief Air Chief Marshall Sir John CHESHIRE (since 24 January 2001) and Bailiff Philip Martin BAILHACHE (since NA February 1995) cabinet: committees appointed by the Assembly of the States elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; lieutenant governor and bailiff appointed by the monarch
Exports	NA (2001)	$NA
Exports - commodities	textiles and footwear, metals and metal products, machinery and equipment, minerals and fuels, chemicals, agricultural products	light industrial and electrical goods, foodstuffs, textiles
Exports - partners	Italy 24.3%, Germany 15.7%, France 7.4%, UK 6.7%, Turkey 5.1% (2003)	UK
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; the national coat of arms that used to be centered in the yellow band has been removed; now similar to the flag of Chad, also resembles the flags of Andorra and Moldova	white with a diagonal red cross extending to the corners of the flag and in the upper quadrant, surmounted by a yellow crown, a red shield holding the three lions of England in yellow
GDP	purchasing power parity - $155 billion (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $2.2 billion (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 13.1% industry: 38.1% services: 48.8% (2003)	agriculture: 5% industry: 2% services: 93% (1996)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $7,000 (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $24,800 (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4.9% (2003 est.)	NA%
Geographic coordinates	46 00 N, 25 00 E	49 15 N, 2 10 W
Geography - note	controls most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine	largest and southernmost of Channel Islands; about 30% of population concentrated in Saint Helier
Heliports	1 (2003 est.)	-
Highways	total: 198,603 km paved: 98,308 km (including 113 km of expressways) unpaved: 100,295 km (2000)	total: 577 km (1995) paved: NA km unpaved: NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 3.2% highest 10%: 25% (1998)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route and small amounts of Latin American cocaine bound for Western Europe; although not a significant financial center, role as a narcotics conduit leaves it vulnerable to laundering which occurs via the banking system, currency exchange houses, and casinos	-
Imports	NA (2001)	$NA
Imports - commodities	machinery and equipment, fuels and minerals, chemicals, textile and products, basic metals, agricultural products	machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, foodstuffs, mineral fuels, chemicals
Imports - partners	Italy 19.6%, Germany 14.9%, Russia 8.3%, France 7.3% (2003)	UK
Independence	9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from Turkey; independence recognized 13 July 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin; kingdom proclaimed 26 March 1881); 30 December 1947 (republic proclaimed)	none (British crown dependency)
Industrial production growth rate	2.3% (2003)	NA%
Industries	textiles and footwear, light machinery and auto assembly, mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining	tourism, banking and finance, dairy
Infant mortality rate	total: 27.24 deaths/1,000 live births male: 30.41 deaths/1,000 live births female: 23.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	5.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	15.3% (2003)	4.7% (1998)
International organization participation	ACCT, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EU (applicant), FAO, G- 9, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUC, NAM (guest), NSG, OAS (observer), ONUB, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (associate affiliate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC	-
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	NA
Irrigated land	28,800 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court of Justice (judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Superior Council of Magistrates)	Royal Court (judges elected by an electoral college and the bailiff)
Labor force	9.28 million (2003 est.)	57,050 (1996) (1996)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 41.4%, industry 27.3%, services 31.3% (2000)	-
Land boundaries	total: 2,508 km border countries: Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia and Montenegro 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 40.82% permanent crops: 2.25% other: 56.93% (2001)	arable land: NEGL% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages	Romanian (official), Hungarian, German	English (official), French (official), Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts
Legal system	former mixture of civil law system and communist legal theory; is now based on the constitution of France's Fifth Republic	English law and local statute
Legislative branch	bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or Senat (137 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Adunarea Deputatilor (332 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 28 November 2004 (next to be held 28 November 2008); Chamber of Deputies - last held 28 November 2004 (next to be held 28 November 2008) election results: Senate - percent of vote by alliance/party - PSD-PUR 37.1%, PNL-PD 31.8%, PRM 13.6%, UDMR 6.2%; seats by party - PSD 46, PNL 28, PD 21, PRM 21, PUR 11, UMDR 10; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by alliance/party - PSD-PUR 36.6%, PNL-PD 31.3%%, PRM 12.9%, UDMR 6.2%; seats by party - PSD 113, PNL 64, PD 48, PRM 48, UDMR 22, PUR 19, ethnic minorities 18	unicameral Assembly of the States (55 voting members - 12 senators (elected for 6-year terms), 12 constables or heads of parishes (elected for 3-year terms), 29 deputies (elected for 3-year terms); the bailiff and the deputy bailiff; and 3 non-voting members - the Dean of Jersey, the Attorney General, and the Solicitor General all appointed by the monarch elections: last held NA (next to be held NA) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 52
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 71.12 years male: 67.63 years female: 74.82 years (2004 est.)	total population: 78.78 years male: 76.34 years female: 81.4 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.4% male: 99.1% female: 97.7% (2003 est.)	definition: NA total population: NA male: NA female: NA
Location	Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine	Western Europe, island in the English Channel, northwest of France
Map references	Europe	Europe
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation	exclusive fishing zone: 12 NM territorial sea: 3 NM
Merchant marine	total: 45 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 395,350 GRT/510,232 DWT by type: bulk 7, cargo 26, container 1, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 4, rail car carrier 2, roll on/roll off 4 foreign-owned: Greece 1, Italy 2 registered in other countries: 39 (2004 est.)	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces (AMR), Civil Defense	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$985 million (2002)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	2.47% (2002)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 5,952,834 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 5,007,375 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 163,577 (2004 est.)	-
National holiday	Unification Day (of Romania and Transylvania), 1 December (1918)	Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)
Nationality	noun: Romanian(s) adjective: Romanian	noun: Channel Islander(s) adjective: Channel Islander
Natural hazards	earthquakes, most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides	NA
Natural resources	petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower	arable land
Net migration rate	-0.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	2.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines	gas 3,508 km; oil 2,427 km (2004)	-
Political parties and leaders	Democratic Party or PD [Emil BOC]; Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Bela MARKO]; Humanist Party or PUR [Dan VOICULESCU]; National Liberal Party or PNL [Calin Popescu TARICEANU]; Romania Mare Party (Greater Romanian Party) or PRM [Corneliu Vadim TUDOR]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Adrian NASTASE], formerly known as the Party of Social Democracy in Romania or PDSR	none; all independents
Political pressure groups and leaders	various human rights and professional associations	none
Population	22,355,551 (July 2004 est.)	89,775 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	44.5% (2000)	NA%
Population growth rate	-0.11% (2004 est.)	0.44% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Braila, Constanta, Galati, Mangalia, Sulina, Tulcea	Gorey, Saint Aubin, Saint Helier
Radio broadcast stations	AM 40, FM 202, shortwave 3 (1998)	AM NA, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	-	NA
Railways	total: 11,385 km (3,888 km electrified) standard gauge: 10,898 km 1.435-m gauge broad gauge: 60 km 1.524-m gauge narrow gauge: 427 km 0.760-m gauge (2003)	0 km
Religions	Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 87%, Protestant 6.8%, Catholic 5.6%, other (mostly Muslim) 0.4%, unaffiliated 0.2% (2002)	Anglican, Roman Catholic, Baptist, Congregational New Church, Methodist, Presbyterian
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	NA years of age; universal adult
Telephone system	general assessment: poor domestic service, but improving domestic: 90% of telephone network is automatic; trunk network is mostly microwave radio relay, with some fiber-optic cable; about one-third of exchange capacity is digital; roughly 3,300 villages have no service international: country code - 40; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat; new digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest; note - Romania is an active participant in several international telecommunication network projects (1999)	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: 3 submarine cables
Telephones - main lines in use	4.3 million (2003)	65,500 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular	6.9 million (2003)	4,400 (1997)
Television broadcast stations	48 (plus 392 repeaters) (1995)	2 (1997)
Terrain	central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps	gently rolling plain with low, rugged hills along north coast
Total fertility rate	1.35 children born/woman (2004 est.)	1.57 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	7.2% (2003)	0.7% (1998 est.)
Waterways	1,731 km (2004)	none

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