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Compare Reunion (2004) - Tanzania (2001)

Compare Reunion (2004) z Tanzania (2001)

 Reunion (2004)Tanzania (2001)
 ReunionTanzania
Administrative divisions none (overseas department of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 4 arrondissements, 24 communes, and 47 cantons 25 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kagera, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar North, Zanzibar Urban/West
Age structure 0-14 years: 30.9% (male 121,050; female 115,440)


15-64 years: 63.1% (male 238,553; female 245,236)


65 years and over: 6% (male 18,626; female 27,248) (2004 est.)
0-14 years:
44.76% (male 8,152,438; female 8,063,520)

15-64 years:
52.35% (male 9,387,737; female 9,581,518)

65 years and over:
2.89% (male 473,498; female 573,363) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco, tropical fruits, vegetables, corn coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves (Zanzibar), corn, wheat, cassava (tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats
Airports 2 (2003 est.) 126 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total:
11

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
5

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
115

1,524 to 2,437 m:
17

914 to 1,523 m:
63

under 914 m:
35 (2000 est.)
Area total: 2,517 sq km


land: 2,507 sq km


water: 10 sq km
total:
945,087 sq km

land:
886,037 sq km

water:
59,050 sq km

note:
includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Rhode Island slightly larger than twice the size of California
Background The Portuguese discovered the uninhabited island in 1513. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French immigration, supplemented by influxes of Africans, Chinese, Malays, and Malabar Indians, gave the island its ethnic mix. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 cost the island its importance as a stopover on the East Indies trade route. Shortly after independence, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form the nation of Tanzania in 1964. One-party rule came to an end in 1995 with the first democratic elections held in the country since the 1970s. Zanzibar's semi-autonomous status and popular opposition have led to two contentious elections since 1995, which the ruling party won despite international observers' claims of voting irregularities.
Birth rate 19.69 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) 39.65 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $1.26 billion


expenditures: $2.62 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (1998)
revenues:
$1.21 billion

expenditures:
$1.36 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital Saint-Denis Dar es Salaam; note - legislative offices have been transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new national capital; the National Assembly now meets there on regular basis
Climate tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands
Coastline 207 km 1,424 km
Constitution 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) 25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984
Country name conventional long form: Department of Reunion


conventional short form: Reunion


local long form: none


local short form: Ile de la Reunion


former: Bourbon Island
conventional long form:
United Republic of Tanzania

conventional short form:
Tanzania

former:
United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar
Currency euro (EUR) Tanzanian shilling (TZS)
Death rate 5.48 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) 12.95 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external NA $6.8 billion (2000 est.)
Dependency status overseas department of France -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas department of France) chief of mission:
Charge d'Affaires Wanda NESBITT

embassy:
140 Msese Road, Kinondoni District, Dar es Salaam

mailing address:
P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam

telephone:
[255] (22) 666010 through 666015

FAX:
[255] (22) 666701
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas department of France) chief of mission:
Ambassador Mustafa Salim NYANG'ANYI

chancery:
2139 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 939-6125

FAX:
[1] (202) 797-7408
Disputes - international none dispute with Malawi over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi); a resurvey of the latitudinal boundary with Uganda in 2000 revealed a 300-meter discrepancy that both sides are currently adjudicating
Economic aid - recipient $NA; note - substantial annual subsidies from France (2001 est.) $963 million (1997)
Economy - overview The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture, but services now dominate. Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for 85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment, which amounts to one-third of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between the well-off and the poor is extraordinary and accounts for the persistent social tensions. The white and Indian communities are substantially better off than other segments of the population, often approaching European standards, whereas minority groups suffer the poverty and unemployment typical of the poorer nations of the African continent. The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991 illustrates the seriousness of socioeconomic tensions. The economic well-being of Reunion depends heavily on continued financial assistance from France. Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for half of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 80% of the work force. Topography and climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops to only 4% of the land area. Industry is mainly limited to processing agricultural products and light consumer goods. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's deteriorated economic infrastructure. Growth in 1991-2000 featured a pick up in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals, led by gold. Natural gas exploration in the Rufiji Delta looks promising and production could start by 2002. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private sector growth and investment. Continued donor support and solid macroeconomic policies should allow Tanzania to achieve real GDP growth of 6% in 2001 and in 2002.
Electricity - consumption 1.005 billion kWh (2001) 2.134 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 43 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 1.08 billion kWh (2001) 2.248 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
22.24%

hydro:
77.76%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Piton des Neiges 3,069 m
lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Kilimanjaro 5,895 m
Environment - current issues NA soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian mainland - native African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, native African, mixed Arab and native African
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999) Tanzanian shillings per US dollar - 803.34 (December 2000), 800.41 (2000), 744.76 (1999), 664.67 (1998), 612.12 (1997), 579.98 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Dominique VIAN (since 16 August 2004)


head of government: President of the General Council Jean-Luc POUDROUX (since NA March 1998) and President of the Regional Council Paul VERGES (since NA March 1993)


cabinet: NA


elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those councils
chief of state:
President Benjamin William MKAPA (since 23 November 1995); Vice President Omar Ali JUMA (since 23 November 1995); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Benjamin William MKAPA (since 23 November 1995); Vice President Omar Ali JUMA (since 23 November 1995); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

note:
Zanzibar elects a president who is head of government for matters internal to Zanzibar; Amani Abeid KARUME was elected to that office on 29 October 2000

cabinet:
Cabinet ministers, including the prime minister, are appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly

elections:
president and vice president elected on the same ballot by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Benjamin William MKAPA reelected president; percent of vote - Benjamin William MKAPA 71.7%, Ibrahim Haruna LIPUMBA 16.3%, Augustine Lyatonga MREME 7.8%, John Momose CHEYO 4.2%
Exports NA (2001) $937 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities sugar 63%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 2%, lobster 3%, (1993) coffee, manufactured goods, cotton, cashew nuts, minerals, tobacco, sisal (1996)
Exports - partners France 74%, Japan 6%, Comoros 4% (2000) India 20%, UK 10%, Germany 8%, Japan 8%, Netherlands 8%, Belgium 4% (1998)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 July - 30 June
Flag description the flag of France is used divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue
GDP purchasing power parity - $4.348 billion (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $25.1 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 8%


industry: 19%


services: 73% (2000 est.)
agriculture:
49%

industry:
17%

services:
34% (1998 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $5,800 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $710 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2.5% (2003 est.) 5.2% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 21 06 S, 55 36 E 6 00 S, 35 00 E
Geography - note this mountainous, volcanic island has an active volcano, Piton de la Fournaise; there is a tropical cyclone center at Saint-Denis, which is the monitoring station for the whole of the Indian Ocean Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa
Highways total: 2,724 km


paved: 1,300 km (including 73 km of four-lane road)


unpaved: 1,424 km (1994)
total:
88,200 km

paved:
3,704 km

unpaved:
84,496 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%:
2.9%

highest 10%:
30.2% (1993)
Illicit drugs - growing role in transshipment of Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for South African, European, and US markets and of South Asian methaqualone bound for Southern Africa
Imports NA (2001) $1.57 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil
Imports - partners France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (2000) South Africa 8%, Japan 8%, UK 8%, Kenya 7%, India 6%, US 5% (1998)
Independence none (overseas department of France) 26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964
Industrial production growth rate NA 8.4% (1999 est.)
Industries sugar, rum, cigarettes, handicraft items, flower oil extraction primarily agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond and gold mining, oil refining, shoes, cement, textiles, wood products, fertilizer, salt
Infant mortality rate total: 7.95 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 8.71 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 7.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
79.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) NA 6% (2000 est.)
International organization participation InOC, UPU, WFTU ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G- 6, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 6 (2000)
Irrigated land 120 sq km (1998 est.) 1,500 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court (consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts; Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the higher courts)
Labor force 309,900 (2000) 13.495 million
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 13%, industry 12%, services 75% (2000) agriculture 80%, industry and commerce 20% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
3,402 km

border countries:
Burundi 451 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km
Land use arable land: 13.6%


permanent crops: 1.2%


other: 85.2% (2001)
arable land:
3%

permanent crops:
1%

permanent pastures:
40%

forests and woodland:
38%

other:
18% (1993 est.)
Languages French (official), Creole widely used Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguju (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages

note:
Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources, including Arabic and English, and it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages
Legal system French law based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral General Council (49 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council (45 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms)


elections: General Council - last held 15 and 22 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004); Regional Council - last held 28 March 2004 (next to be held NA 2010)


election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - various right-wing candidates 13, PCR 10, PS 10, UDF 8, RPR 6, other left-wing candidates 2; Regional Council (second round) - percent of vote by party - PCR 44.9%, UMP 32.8%, PS-Greens 22.3%; seats by party - PCR 27, UMP 11, PS-Greens 7


note: Reunion elects three representatives to the French Senate; elections last held NA 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Reunion also elects five deputies to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 June-16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP-RPR 1, UMP 1, PCR 1
unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (274 seats - 232 elected by popular vote, 37 allocated to women nominated by the president, five to members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives; members serve five-year terms); note - in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland; Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives to make laws especially for Zanzibar (the Zanzibar House of Representatives has 50 seats, directly elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005)

election results:
National Assembly: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CCM 244, CUF 16, CHADEMA 4, TLP 3, UDP 2, Zanzibar representatives 5; Zanzibar House of Representatives: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CCM 34, CUF 16
Life expectancy at birth total population: 73.69 years


male: 70.29 years


female: 77.26 years (2004 est.)
total population:
51.98 years

male:
51.04 years

female:
52.95 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 88.9%


male: 87%


female: 90.8% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write Kiswahili (Swahili), English, or Arabic

total population:
67.8%

male:
79.4%

female:
56.8% (1995 est.)
Location Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique
Map references World Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 28,264 GRT/44,885 DWT


by type: chemical tanker 1


foreign-owned: Sweden 1


registered in other countries: 1
total:
8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 21,987 GRT/27,121 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 2, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1, short-sea passenger 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France -
Military branches no regular indigenous military forces; French forces (including Army, Navy, Air Force, and Gendarmerie) Tanzanian People's Defense Force or TPDF (includes Army, Navy, and Air Force), paramilitary Police Field Force Unit, Militia
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $21 million (FY98/99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 0.2% (FY98/99)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 202,385 (2004 est.) males age 15-49:
8,365,337 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 103,073 (2004 est.) males age 15-49:
4,841,095 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 7,070 (2004 est.) -
National holiday Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April (1964)
Nationality noun: Reunionese (singular and plural)


adjective: Reunionese
noun:
Tanzanian(s)

adjective:
Tanzanian
Natural hazards periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought
Natural resources fish, arable land, hydropower hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) -0.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 982 km
Political parties and leaders Communist Party of Reunion or PCR [Paul VERGES]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS [Jean-Claude FRUTEAU]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Gilbert GERARD]; Union for a Popular Movement or UMP [leader NA] Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo or CHADEMA [Bob MAKANI, chairman]; Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM (Revolutionary Party) [Benjamin William MKAPA, chairman]; Civic United Front or CUF [Seif Sharif HAMAD, secretary-general]; Democratic Party (unregistered) [Reverend Christopher MTIKLA, leader]; National Convention for Construction and Reform or NCCR [Kassim MAGUTU, secretary-general]; Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Augustine Lyatonga MREMA, chairman]; Union for Multiparty Democracy or UMD [leader NA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [John CHEYO, leader]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 766,153 (July 2004 est.) 36,232,074

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA 51.1% (1991 est.)
Population growth rate 1.42% (2004 est.) 2.61% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Le Port, Pointe des Galets Bukoba, Dar es Salaam, Kigoma, Kilwa Masoko, Lindi, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pangani, Tanga, Wete, Zanzibar
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 55, shortwave 0 (2001) AM 12, FM 11, shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios - 8.8 million (1997)
Railways - total:
3,569 km (1995)

narrow gauge:
2,600 km 1.000-m gauge; 969 km 1.067-m gauge

note:
the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA), which operates 1,860 km of 1.067-m narrow gauge track between Dar es Salaam and Kapiri Mposhi in Zambia (of which 969 km are in Tanzania and 891 km are in Zambia) is not a part of Tanzania Railways Corporation; because of the difference in gauge, this system does not connect to Tanzania Railways
Religions Roman Catholic 86%, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist (1995) mainland - Christian 45%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 20%; Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslim
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.83 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: adequate system; principal center is Saint-Denis


domestic: modern open-wire and microwave radio relay network


international: country code - 262; radiotelephone communication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC/SAFE) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
general assessment:
fair system operating below capacity and being modernized for better service; VSAT (very small aperture terminal) system under construction

domestic:
trunk service provided by open wire, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and fiber-optic cable; some links being made digital

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 300,000 est (2001) 127,000 (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular 489,800 (2002) 30,000 (1999)
Television broadcast stations 35 (plus 18 low-power repeaters) (2001) 3 (1999)
Terrain mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south
Total fertility rate 2.5 children born/woman (2004 est.) 5.42 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 36% (1999 est.) NA%
Waterways - note:
Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa are principal avenues of commerce between Tanzania and its neighbors on those lakes
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