Compare Reunion (2004) - Nigeria (2002)

Compare Reunion (2004) z Nigeria (2002)

	Reunion (2004)	Nigeria (2002)

Administrative divisions	none (overseas department of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 4 arrondissements, 24 communes, and 47 cantons	36 states and 1 territory; Abia, Abuja Federal Capital Territory, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nassarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara
Age structure	0-14 years: 30.9% (male 121,050; female 115,440) 15-64 years: 63.1% (male 238,553; female 245,236) 65 years and over: 6% (male 18,626; female 27,248) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 43.6% (male 28,503,211; female 28,156,976) 15-64 years: 53.6% (male 35,418,119; female 34,179,802) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 1,832,682; female 1,844,121) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco, tropical fruits, vegetables, corn	cocoa, peanuts, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava (tapioca), yams, rubber; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; timber; fish
Airports	2 (2003 est.)	70 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 36 over 3,047 m: 7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 10 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 3 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 34 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 13 under 914 m: 18 (2002)
Area	total: 2,517 sq km land: 2,507 sq km water: 10 sq km	total: 923,768 sq km land: 910,768 sq km water: 13,000 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Rhode Island	slightly more than twice the size of California
Background	The Portuguese discovered the uninhabited island in 1513. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French immigration, supplemented by influxes of Africans, Chinese, Malays, and Malabar Indians, gave the island its ethnic mix. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 cost the island its importance as a stopover on the East Indies trade route.	Following nearly 16 years of military rule, a new constitution was adopted in 1999, and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. The president faces the daunting task of rebuilding a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through corruption and mismanagement, and institutionalizing democracy. In addition, the OBASANJO administration must defuse longstanding ethnic and religious tensions, if it is to build a sound foundation for economic growth and political stability.
Birth rate	19.69 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	39.22 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $1.26 billion expenditures: $2.62 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (1998)	revenues: $3.4 billion expenditures: $3.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital	Saint-Denis	Abuja; note - on 12 December 1991 the capital was officially transferred from Lagos to Abuja; most federal government offices have now made the move to Abuja
Climate	tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April	varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north
Coastline	207 km	853 km
Constitution	28 September 1958 (French Constitution)	new constitution adopted May 1999
Country name	conventional long form: Department of Reunion conventional short form: Reunion local long form: none local short form: Ile de la Reunion former: Bourbon Island	conventional long form: Federal Republic of Nigeria conventional short form: Nigeria
Currency	euro (EUR)	naira (NGN)
Death rate	5.48 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	14.1 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	NA	$32 billion (2000 est.)
Dependency status	overseas department of France	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas department of France)	chief of mission: Ambassador Howard Franklin JETER embassy: 7 Mambilla Drive, Abuja mailing address: P. O. Box 554, Lagos telephone: [234] (9) 523-0916/0906/5857/2235/2205 FAX: [234] (9) 523-0353
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas department of France)	chief of mission: Ambassador Jibril AMINU chancery: 1333 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 986-8400 FAX: [1] (202) 775-1385 consulate(s) general: Atlanta and New York
Disputes - international	none	Nigeria disputes several villages with Benin along the Okpara River, and only 35 km of their common boundary are demarcated; the Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint remains undemarcated; Lake Chad Basin Commission urges signatories Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria to ratify delimitation treaty over lake region, the site of continuing armed clashes; oral arguments on the land and maritime boundary disputes between Cameroon and Nigeria were presented to the ICJ; disputes center around Bakasi Peninsula, where armed clashes continue, Bouram Island on Lake Chad, and the maritime boundary and economic zone dispute in the Gulf of Guinea, which also involves Equatorial Guinea; Nigeria requests and Chad rejects redemarcation of boundary, which lacks clear demarcation in sections and has caused several cross-border incidents
Economic aid - recipient	$NA; note - substantial annual subsidies from France (2001 est.)	ODA $250 million (1998) (1998)
Economy - overview	The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture, but services now dominate. Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for 85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment, which amounts to one-third of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between the well-off and the poor is extraordinary and accounts for the persistent social tensions. The white and Indian communities are substantially better off than other segments of the population, often approaching European standards, whereas minority groups suffer the poverty and unemployment typical of the poorer nations of the African continent. The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991 illustrates the seriousness of socioeconomic tensions. The economic well-being of Reunion depends heavily on continued financial assistance from France.	The oil-rich Nigerian economy, long hobbled by political instability, corruption, and poor macroeconomic management, is undergoing substantial economic reform under the new civilian administration. Nigeria's former military rulers failed to diversify the economy away from overdependence on the capital-intensive oil sector, which provides 20% of GDP, 95% of foreign exchange earnings, and about 65% of budgetary revenues. The largely subsistence agricultural sector has failed to keep up with rapid population growth, and Nigeria, once a large net exporter of food, now must import food. Following the signing of an IMF stand-by agreement in August 2000, Nigeria received a debt-restructuring deal from the Paris Club and a $1 billion credit from the IMF, both contingent on economic reforms. The agreement was allowed to expire by the IMF in November 2001, however, and Nigeria appears unlikely to receive substantial multilateral assistance in 2002. Nonetheless, increases in foreign oil investment and oil production should push growth over 4% in 2002.
Electricity - consumption	1.005 billion kWh (2001)	14.768 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	19 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	1.08 billion kWh (2001)	15.9 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 64% hydro: 36% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Piton des Neiges 3,069 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Chappal Waddi 2,419 m
Environment - current issues	NA	soil degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water pollution; desertification; oil pollution - water, air, and soil; has suffered serious damage from oil spills; loss of arable land; rapid urbanization
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian	Nigeria, which is Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups; the following are the most populous and politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)	nairas per US dollar - 115 (January 2002), 101.697 (2000), 92.338 (1999), 21.886 (1998), 21.886 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Dominique VIAN (since 16 August 2004) head of government: President of the General Council Jean-Luc POUDROUX (since NA March 1998) and President of the Regional Council Paul VERGES (since NA March 1993) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those councils	chief of state: President Olusegun OBASANJO (since 29 May 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Olusegun OBASANJO (since 29 May 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Federal Executive Council elections: president is elected by popular vote for no more than two four-year terms; election last held 27 February 1999 (next to be held 19 April 2003) election results: Olusegun OBASANJO elected president; percent of vote - Olusegun OBASANJO (PDP) 62.8%, Olu FALAE (APP-AD) 37.2%
Exports	NA (2001)	$20.3 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities	sugar 63%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 2%, lobster 3%, (1993)	petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber
Exports - partners	France 74%, Japan 6%, Comoros 4% (2000)	US 46%, Spain 11%, India 6%, France 5%, Brazil (2000)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	the flag of France is used	three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green
GDP	purchasing power parity - $4.348 billion (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $105.9 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 8% industry: 19% services: 73% (2000 est.)	agriculture: 39% industry: 33% services: 28% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $5,800 (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $840 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	2.5% (2003 est.)	3.5% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	21 06 S, 55 36 E	10 00 N, 8 00 E
Geography - note	this mountainous, volcanic island has an active volcano, Piton de la Fournaise; there is a tropical cyclone center at Saint-Denis, which is the monitoring station for the whole of the Indian Ocean	the Niger enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea
Heliports	-	1 (2002)
Highways	total: 2,724 km paved: 1,300 km (including 73 km of four-lane road) unpaved: 1,424 km (1994)	total: 193,200 km paved: 59,892 km (including 1,194 km of expressways) unpaved: 133,308 km note: many of the roads reported as paved may be graveled; because of poor maintenance and years of heavy freight traffic - in part the result of the failure of the railroad system - much of the road system is barely usable (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 41% (1996-97)
Illicit drugs	-	a transit point for heroin and cocaine intended for European, East Asian, and North American markets; safehaven for Nigerian narcotraffickers operating worldwide; major money-laundering center; massive corruption and criminal activity, along with unwillingness of the government to address the deficiencies in its anti-money-laundering regime make money laundering a major problem
Imports	NA (2001)	$13.7 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities	manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products	machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals
Imports - partners	France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (2000)	UK 11%, US 9%, France 9%, Germany 7%, China (2000)
Independence	none (overseas department of France)	1 October 1960 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	NA	-0.3% (2001 est.)
Industries	sugar, rum, cigarettes, handicraft items, flower oil extraction	crude oil, coal, tin, columbite, palm oil, peanuts, cotton, rubber, wood, hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel
Infant mortality rate	total: 7.95 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.71 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	72.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	NA	14.9% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	InOC, UPU, WFTU	ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNMOVIC, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	11 (2000)
Irrigated land	120 sq km (1998 est.)	2,330 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel	Supreme Court (judges appointed by the President); Federal Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the federal government on the advice of the Advisory Judicial Committee)
Labor force	309,900 (2000)	66 million (1999 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 13%, industry 12%, services 75% (2000)	agriculture 70%, industry 10%, services 20% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 4,047 km border countries: Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km
Land use	arable land: 13.6% permanent crops: 1.2% other: 85.2% (2001)	arable land: 30.96% permanent crops: 2.79% other: 66.25% (1998 est.)
Languages	French (official), Creole widely used	English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani
Legal system	French law	based on English common law, Islamic Shariah law (only in some northern states), and traditional law
Legislative branch	unicameral General Council (49 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council (45 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: General Council - last held 15 and 22 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004); Regional Council - last held 28 March 2004 (next to be held NA 2010) election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - various right-wing candidates 13, PCR 10, PS 10, UDF 8, RPR 6, other left-wing candidates 2; Regional Council (second round) - percent of vote by party - PCR 44.9%, UMP 32.8%, PS-Greens 22.3%; seats by party - PCR 27, UMP 11, PS-Greens 7 note: Reunion elects three representatives to the French Senate; elections last held NA 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Reunion also elects five deputies to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 June-16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP-RPR 1, UMP 1, PCR 1	bicameral National Assembly consists of Senate (109 seats, three from each state and one from the Federal Capital Territory; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and House of Representatives (360 seats, members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 20-24 February 1999 (next to be held 13 April 2003); House of Representatives - last held 20-24 February 1999 (next to be held 13 April 2003) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - PDP 58%, APP 23%, AD 19%; seats by party - PDP 67, APP 23, AD 19; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDP 58%, APP 30%, AD 12%; seats by party - PDP 221, APP 70, AD 69
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 73.69 years male: 70.29 years female: 77.26 years (2004 est.)	total population: 50.59 years male: 50.58 years female: 50.6 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88.9% male: 87% female: 90.8% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 57.1% male: 67.3% female: 47.3% (1995 est.)
Location	Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar	Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon
Map references	World	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 28,264 GRT/44,885 DWT by type: chemical tanker 1 foreign-owned: Sweden 1 registered in other countries: 1	total: 43 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 331,094 GRT/614,171 DWT ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 7, chemical tanker 4, petroleum tanker 29, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Bulgaria 1, Greece 1, Norway 1, Pakistan 1, Togo 1, United States 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of France	-
Military branches	no regular indigenous military forces; French forces (including Army, Navy, Air Force, and Gendarmerie)	Army, Navy, Air Force, Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$374.9 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	1% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 202,385 (2004 est.)	males age 15-49: 30,808,598 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 103,073 (2004 est.)	males age 15-49: 17,698,911 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age	-	18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 7,070 (2004 est.)	males: 1,375,112 (2002 est.)
National holiday	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)	Independence Day (National Day), 1 October (1960)
Nationality	noun: Reunionese (singular and plural) adjective: Reunionese	noun: Nigerian(s) adjective: Nigerian
Natural hazards	periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano	periodic droughts; flooding
Natural resources	fish, arable land, hydropower	natural gas, petroleum, tin, columbite, iron ore, coal, limestone, lead, zinc, arable land
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	0.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines	-	crude oil 2,042 km; petroleum products 3,000 km; natural gas 500 km
Political parties and leaders	Communist Party of Reunion or PCR [Paul VERGES]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS [Jean-Claude FRUTEAU]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Gilbert GERARD]; Union for a Popular Movement or UMP [leader NA]	All People's Party or APP [leader NA]; Alliance for Democracy or AD [Alhaji Adamu ABDULKADIR]; People's Democratic Party or PDP [Audu OGBEH]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	766,153 (July 2004 est.)	129,934,911 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	45% (2000 est.)
Population growth rate	1.42% (2004 est.)	2.54% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Le Port, Pointe des Galets	Calabar, Lagos, Onne, Port Harcourt, Sapele, Warri
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 55, shortwave 0 (2001)	AM 83, FM 36, shortwave 11 (2001)
Radios	-	23.5 million (1997)
Railways	-	total: 3,557 km narrow gauge: 3,505 km 1.067-m gauge standard gauge: 52 km 1.435-m gauge note: years of neglect of both the rolling stock and the right-of-way have seriously reduced the capacity and utility of the system; a project to restore Nigeria's railways is now underway (2001)
Religions	Roman Catholic 86%, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist (1995)	Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.99 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate system; principal center is Saint-Denis domestic: modern open-wire and microwave radio relay network international: country code - 262; radiotelephone communication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC/SAFE) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia	general assessment: an inadequate system, further limited by poor maintenance; major expansion is required and a start has been made domestic: intercity traffic is carried by coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, a domestic communications satellite system with 19 earth stations, and a coastal submarine cable; mobile cellular facilities and the Internet are available international: satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean); coaxial submarine cable SAFE (South African Far East)
Telephones - main lines in use	300,000 est (2001)	500,000 (2000 est)
Telephones - mobile cellular	489,800 (2002)	200,000 (2001)
Television broadcast stations	35 (plus 18 low-power repeaters) (2001)	3 (the government controls 2 of the broadcasting stations and 15 repeater stations) (2002)
Terrain	mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast	southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north
Total fertility rate	2.5 children born/woman (2004 est.)	5.49 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	36% (1999 est.)	0.28% 28% (1992 est.) (1992 est.)
Waterways	-	8,575 km note: consisting of the Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and creeks

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