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Compare Qatar (2001) - Tuvalu (2003)
Compare Qatar (2001) z Tuvalu (2003)
| Qatar (2001) | Tuvalu (2003) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 9 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah, Al Ghuwayriyah, Al Jumayliyah, Al Khawr, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Jarayan al Batinah, Madinat ash Shamal, Umm Salal | none |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
25.77% (male 101,155; female 97,086) 15-64 years: 71.75% (male 391,178; female 160,665) 65 years and over: 2.48% (male 13,625; female 5,443) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years: 31.9% (male 1,838; female 1,772)
15-64 years: 63% (male 3,432; female 3,687) 65 years and over: 5.1% (male 231; female 345) (2003 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | fruits, vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish | coconuts; fish |
| Airports | 4 (2000 est.) | 1 (2002) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
2 over 3,047 m: 2 (2000 est.) |
- |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total:
2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002) |
| Area | total:
11,437 sq km land: 11,437 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 26 sq km
land: 26 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than Connecticut | 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant oil and natural gas revenues. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Qatari economy was crippled by a continuous siphoning off of petroleum revenues by the amir who had ruled the country since 1972. He was overthrown by his son, the current Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, in a bloodless coup in 1995. In 2001, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. Oil and natural gas revenues enable Qatar to have a per capita income not far below the leading industrial countries of Western Europe. | In 1974, ethnic differences within the British colony of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands caused the Polynesians of the Ellice Islands to vote for separation from the Micronesians of the Gilbert Islands. The following year, the Ellice Islands became the separate British colony of Tuvalu. Independence was granted in 1978. In 2000, Tuvalu negotiated a contract leasing its Internet domain name ".tv" for $50 million in royalties over the next dozen years. |
| Birth rate | 15.91 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 21.58 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$3.9 billion expenditures: $4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.) |
revenues: $22.5 million
expenditures: $11.2 million, including capital expenditures of $4.2 million (2000 est.) |
| Capital | Doha | Funafuti |
| Climate | desert; hot, dry; humid and sultry in summer | tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March) |
| Coastline | 563 km | 24 km |
| Constitution | provisional constitution enacted 19 April 1972; in July 1999 Amir HAMAD issued a decree forming a committee to draft a permanent constitution | 1 October 1978 |
| Country name | conventional long form:
State of Qatar conventional short form: Qatar local long form: Dawlat Qatar local short form: Qatar note: closest approximation of the native pronunciation falls between cutter and gutter, but not like guitar |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Tuvalu former: Ellice Islands note: "Tuvalu" means "group of eight," referring to the country's eight traditionally inhabited islands |
| Currency | Qatari rial (QAR) | Australian dollar (AUD); note - there is also a Tuvaluan dollar |
| Death rate | 4.26 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 7.34 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Debt - external | $13.1 billion (2000 est.) | $NA |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Elizabeth Davenport MCKUNE embassy: 22 February Road, Doha mailing address: P. O. Box 2399, Doha telephone: [974] 488 4101 FAX: [974] 488 4298 note: workweek is Saturday-Wednesday |
the US does not have an embassy in Tuvalu; the US ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tuvalu |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Badr Umar al-DAFA chancery: 4200 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016 telephone: [1] (202) 274-1600 FAX: [1] (202) 237-0061 consulate(s) general: Houston |
Tuvalu does not have an embassy in the US - the country's only diplomatic post is in Fiji - Tuvalu does, however, have a UN office located at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400D, New York, New York 10017, telephone: [1] (212) 490-0534 |
| Disputes - international | in March of 2001, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) awarded the Hawar Islands to Bahrain and adjusted its maritime boundary with Qatar; a final border resolution was agreed to with Saudi Arabia in March of 2001 | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $NA | $13 million ; note - major donors are Australia, Japan, and the US (1999 est.) |
| Economy - overview | Oil accounts for more than 30% of GDP, roughly 80% of export earnings, and 66% of government revenues. Proved oil reserves of 3.7 billion barrels should ensure continued output at current levels for 23 years. Oil has given Qatar a per capita GDP comparable to that of the leading West European industrial countries. Qatar's proved reserves of natural gas exceed 7 trillion cubic meters, more than 5% of the world total, third largest in the world. Production and export of natural gas are becoming increasingly important. Long-term goals feature the development of offshore petroleum and the diversification of the economy. In 2000, Qatar posted its highest ever trade surplus of $6 billion, due mainly to high oil prices and increased natural gas exports. | Tuvalu consists of a densely populated, scattered group of nine coral atolls with poor soil. The country has no known mineral resources and few exports. Subsistence farming and fishing are the primary economic activities. Fewer than 1,000 tourists, on average, visit Tuvalu annually. Government revenues largely come from the sale of stamps and coins and worker remittances. About 1,000 Tuvaluans work in Nauru in the phosphate mining industry. Nauru has begun repatriating Tuvaluans, however, as phosphate resources decline. Substantial income is received annually from an international trust fund established in 1987 by Australia, NZ, and the UK and supported also by Japan and South Korea. Thanks to wise investments and conservative withdrawals, this Fund has grown from an initial $17 million to over $35 million in 1999. The US government is also a major revenue source for Tuvalu, because of payments from a 1988 treaty on fisheries. In an effort to reduce its dependence on foreign aid, the government is pursuing public sector reforms, including privatization of some government functions and personnel cuts of up to 7%. In 1998, Tuvalu began deriving revenue from use of its area code for "900" lines and in 2000, from the lease of its ".tv" Internet domain name. Royalties from these new technology sources could increase substantially over the next decade. With merchandise exports only a fraction of merchandise imports, continued reliance must be placed on fishing and telecommunications license fees, remittances from overseas workers, official transfers, and investment income from overseas assets. |
| Electricity - consumption | 8.37 billion kWh (1999) | - |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) | - |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) | - |
| Electricity - production | 9 billion kWh (1999) | - |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
fossil fuel: NA%
hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: Qurayn Abu al Bawl 103 m |
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 5 m |
| Environment - current issues | limited natural fresh water resources are increasing dependence on large-scale desalination facilities | since there are no streams or rivers and groundwater is not potable, most water needs must be met by catchment systems with storage facilities (the Japanese Government has built one desalination plant and plans to build one other); beachhead erosion because of the use of sand for building materials; excessive clearance of forest undergrowth for use as fuel; damage to coral reefs from the spread of the Crown of Thorns starfish; Tuvalu is very concerned about global increases in greenhouse gas emissions and their effect on rising sea levels, which threaten the country's underground water table; in 2000, the government appealed to Australia and New Zealand to take in Tuvaluans if rising sea levels should make evacuation necessary |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
party to: Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity, Law of the Sea |
| Ethnic groups | Arab 40%, Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14% | Polynesian 96%, Micronesian 4% |
| Exchange rates | Qatari rials per US dollar - 3.6400 (fixed rate) | Tuvaluan dollars or Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.8406 (2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani (since 27 June 1995 when, as crown prince, he ousted his father, Amir KHALIFA bin Hamad Al Thani, in a bloodless coup); Crown Prince JASSIM bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, third son of the monarch (selected crown prince by the monarch 22 October 1996); note - Amir HAMAD also holds the positions of minister of defense and commander-in-chief of the armed forces head of government: Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Khalifa Al Thani, brother of the monarch (since 30 October 1996); Deputy Prime Minister MUHAMMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, brother of the monarch (since 20 January 1998) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary note: in March 1999 Qatar held nationwide elections for a 29-member Central Municipal Council, which has consultative powers aimed at improving the provision of municipal services |
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Faimalaga LUKA (since 9 September 2003)
head of government: Prime Minister Saufatu SOPOANGA (since 2 August 2002) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by and from the members of Parliament; election last held 2 August 2002 (next to be held NA) election results: Saufatu SOPOANGA elected prime minister; Parliamentary vote - Saufatu SOPOANGA 8, Amasone KILEI 7 |
| Exports | $9.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) | $276,000 f.o.b. (1997) |
| Exports - commodities | petroleum products 80%, fertilizers, steel | copra, fish |
| Exports - partners | Japan 52%, Singapore 9%, South Korea 8%, US, UAE (1998) | UK 58.3%, Italy 16.7%, Denmark 8.3%, Fiji 8.3% (2002) |
| Fiscal year | 1 April - 31 March | calendar year |
| Flag description | maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on the hoist side | light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $15.1 billion (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $12.2 million (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
1% industry: 49% services: 50% (1996 est.) |
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $20,300 (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $1,100 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 4% (2000 est.) | 3% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 25 30 N, 51 15 E | 8 00 S, 178 00 E |
| Geography - note | strategic location in central Persian Gulf near major petroleum deposits | one of the smallest and most remote countries on Earth; six of the coral atolls - Nanumea, Nui, Vaitupu, Nukufetau, Funafuti, and Nukulaelae - have lagoons open to the ocean; Nanumaya and Niutao have landlocked lagoons; Niulakita does not have a lagoon |
| Heliports | 1 (2000 est.) | - |
| Highways | total:
1,230 km paved: 1,107 km unpaved: 123 km (1996) |
total: 8 km
paved: 0 km unpaved: 8 km (1999 est.) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | $3.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) | $7.2 million c.i.f. (1998) |
| Imports - commodities | machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals | food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery, manufactured goods |
| Imports - partners | UK 10%, Japan 8%, Germany 6%, US 6%, Italy 6% (1998) | Hungary 68.2%, Japan 12.9%, Fiji 11.9% (2002) |
| Independence | 3 September 1971 (from UK) | 1 October 1978 (from UK) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | crude oil production and refining, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement | fishing, tourism, copra |
| Infant mortality rate | 21.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | total: 21.34 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 24.35 deaths/1,000 live births female: 18.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 2.5% (2000) | 5% (2000 est.) |
| International organization participation | ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO | ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, IFRCS (associate), ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WTrO (applicant) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 1 (2000) | 1 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | 80 sq km (1993 est.) | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Court of Appeal | High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction) |
| Labor force | 233,000 (1993 est.) | 7,000 (2001 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | people make a living mainly through exploitation of the sea, reefs, and atolls and from wages sent home by those abroad (mostly workers in the phosphate industry and sailors) |
| Land boundaries | total:
60 km border countries: Saudi Arabia 60 km |
0 km |
| Land use | arable land:
1% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 5% forests and woodland: 0% other: 94% (1993 est.) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language | Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui) |
| Legal system | discretionary system of law controlled by the amir, although civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law is significant in personal matters | NA |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (35 seats; members appointed)
note: the constitution calls for elections for part of this consultative body, but no elections have been held since 1970, when there were partial elections to the body; Council members have their terms extended every four years since |
unicameral Parliament or Fale I Fono, also called House of Assembly (15 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 25 July 2002 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 15 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
72.62 years male: 70.16 years female: 75.21 years (2001 est.) |
total population: 67.32 years
male: 65.15 years female: 69.59 years (2003 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 79% male: 79% female: 80% (1995 est.) |
definition: NA%
total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA% |
| Location | Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia | Oceania, island group consisting of nine coral atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia |
| Map references | Middle East | Oceania |
| Maritime claims | contiguous zone:
24 NM exclusive economic zone: as determined by bilateral agreements or the median line territorial sea: 12 NM |
contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | total:
25 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 677,992 GRT/1,049,447 DWT ships by type: cargo 10, combination ore/oil 2, container 7, petroleum tanker 6 (2000 est.) |
total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 33,199 GRT/56,187 DWT
ships by type: cargo 2, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Germany 5 (2002 est.) |
| Military branches | Army, Navy, Air Force, Public Security | no regular military forces; Police Force (includes Maritime Surveillance Unit for search and rescue missions and surveillance operations) |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $723 million (FY00/01) | $NA |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 10% (FY00/01) | NA% |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49:
312,116 note: includes non-nationals (2001 est.) |
- |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49:
163,642 (2001 est.) |
- |
| Military manpower - military age | 18 years of age | - |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | males:
6,797 (2001 est.) |
- |
| National holiday | Independence Day, 3 September (1971) | Independence Day, 1 October (1978) |
| Nationality | noun:
Qatari(s) adjective: Qatari |
noun: Tuvaluan(s)
adjective: Tuvaluan |
| Natural hazards | haze, dust storms, sandstorms common | severe tropical storms are usually rare, but, in 1997, there were three cyclones; low level of islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level |
| Natural resources | petroleum, natural gas, fish | fish |
| Net migration rate | 20.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Pipelines | crude oil 235 km; natural gas 400 km | - |
| Political parties and leaders | none | there are no political parties but members of Parliament usually align themselves in informal groupings |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none | none |
| Population | 769,152 (July 2001 est.) | 11,305 (July 2003 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 3.18% (2001 est.) | 1.42% (2003 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Doha, Halul Island, Umm Sa'id (Musay'id) | Funafuti, Nukufetau |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (1998) | AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1999) |
| Radios | 256,000 (1997) | - |
| Railways | 0 km | 0 km |
| Religions | Muslim 95% | Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, Baha'i 1%, other 0.6% |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 2.43 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 2.5 male(s)/female total population: 1.92 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
| Suffrage | suffrage is limited to municipal elections | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
modern system centered in Doha domestic: NA international: tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and UAE; submarine cable to Bahrain and UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat |
general assessment: serves particular needs for internal communications
domestic: radiotelephone communications between islands international: NA |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 142,000 (1997) | 1,000 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 43,476 (1997) | 0 (1994) |
| Television broadcast stations | 2 (plus three repeaters) (1997) | 0 (1997) |
| Terrain | mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel | very low-lying and narrow coral atolls |
| Total fertility rate | 3.17 children born/woman (2001 est.) | 3.05 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | NA% | NA% |
| Waterways | none | none |
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