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Compare Qatar (2001) - Austria (2001)

Compare Qatar (2001) z Austria (2001)

 Qatar (2001)Austria (2001)
 QatarAustria
Administrative divisions 9 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah, Al Ghuwayriyah, Al Jumayliyah, Al Khawr, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Jarayan al Batinah, Madinat ash Shamal, Umm Salal 9 states (bundeslaender, singular - bundesland); Burgenland, Kaernten, Niederoesterreich, Oberoesterreich, Salzburg, Steiermark, Tirol, Vorarlberg, Wien
Age structure 0-14 years:
25.77% (male 101,155; female 97,086)

15-64 years:
71.75% (male 391,178; female 160,665)

65 years and over:
2.48% (male 13,625; female 5,443) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
16.57% (male 691,925; female 658,375)

15-64 years:
68.05% (male 2,802,019; female 2,744,536)

65 years and over:
15.38% (male 478,498; female 775,482) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products fruits, vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish grains, potatoes, sugar beets, wine, fruit; dairy products, cattle, pigs, poultry; lumber
Airports 4 (2000 est.) 55 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
2

over 3,047 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total:
24

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
5

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
14 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total:
31

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
27 (2000 est.)
Area total:
11,437 sq km

land:
11,437 sq km

water:
0 sq km
total:
83,858 sq km

land:
82,738 sq km

water:
1,120 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Connecticut slightly smaller than Maine
Background Ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant oil and natural gas revenues. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Qatari economy was crippled by a continuous siphoning off of petroleum revenues by the amir who had ruled the country since 1972. He was overthrown by his son, the current Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, in a bloodless coup in 1995. In 2001, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. Oil and natural gas revenues enable Qatar to have a per capita income not far below the leading industrial countries of Western Europe. Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in World War I. Following annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938 and subsequent occupation by the victorious Allies, Austria's 1955 State Treaty declared the country "permanently neutral" as a condition of Soviet military withdrawal. Neutrality, once ingrained as part of the Austrian cultural identity, has been called into question since the Soviet collapse of 1991 and Austria's increasingly prominent role in European affairs. A prosperous country, Austria joined the European Union in 1995 and the euro monetary system in 1999.
Birth rate 15.91 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 9.74 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$3.9 billion

expenditures:
$4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
revenues:
$56.3 billion

expenditures:
$60.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital Doha Vienna
Climate desert; hot, dry; humid and sultry in summer temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain in lowlands and snow in mountains; cool summers with occasional showers
Coastline 563 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution provisional constitution enacted 19 April 1972; in July 1999 Amir HAMAD issued a decree forming a committee to draft a permanent constitution 1920; revised 1929 (reinstated 1 May 1945)
Country name conventional long form:
State of Qatar

conventional short form:
Qatar

local long form:
Dawlat Qatar

local short form:
Qatar

note:
closest approximation of the native pronunciation falls between cutter and gutter, but not like guitar
conventional long form:
Republic of Austria

conventional short form:
Austria

local long form:
Republik Oesterreich

local short form:
Oesterreich
Currency Qatari rial (QAR) Austrian schilling (ATS); euro (EUR)

note:
on 1 January 1999, the EU introduced the euro as a common currency that is now being used by financial institutions in Austria at a fixed rate of 13.7603 Austrian shillings per euro and will replace the local currency for all transactions in 2002
Death rate 4.26 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 9.8 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $13.1 billion (2000 est.) $16 billion (1999)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Elizabeth Davenport MCKUNE

embassy:
22 February Road, Doha

mailing address:
P. O. Box 2399, Doha

telephone:
[974] 488 4101

FAX:
[974] 488 4298

note:
workweek is Saturday-Wednesday
chief of mission:
Ambassador Kathryn Walt HALL

embassy:
Boltzmanngasse 16, A-1091, Vienna

mailing address:
use embassy street address

telephone:
[43] (1) 313-39-2060

FAX:
[43] (1) 313-39-2057
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Badr Umar al-DAFA

chancery:
4200 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016

telephone:
[1] (202) 274-1600

FAX:
[1] (202) 237-0061

consulate(s) general:
Houston
chief of mission:
Ambassador Peter MOSER

chancery:
3524 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008-3035

telephone:
[1] (202) 895-6700

FAX:
[1] (202) 895-6750

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York
Disputes - international in March of 2001, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) awarded the Hawar Islands to Bahrain and adjusted its maritime boundary with Qatar; a final border resolution was agreed to with Saudi Arabia in March of 2001 minor disputes with Czech Republic and Slovenia over nuclear power plants and post-World War II treatment of German-speaking minorities
Economic aid - donor - ODA, $472 million (1999)
Economic aid - recipient $NA -
Economy - overview Oil accounts for more than 30% of GDP, roughly 80% of export earnings, and 66% of government revenues. Proved oil reserves of 3.7 billion barrels should ensure continued output at current levels for 23 years. Oil has given Qatar a per capita GDP comparable to that of the leading West European industrial countries. Qatar's proved reserves of natural gas exceed 7 trillion cubic meters, more than 5% of the world total, third largest in the world. Production and export of natural gas are becoming increasingly important. Long-term goals feature the development of offshore petroleum and the diversification of the economy. In 2000, Qatar posted its highest ever trade surplus of $6 billion, due mainly to high oil prices and increased natural gas exports. Austria with its well-developed market economy and high standard of living is closely tied to other EU economies, especially Germany's. Membership in the EU has drawn an influx of foreign investors attracted by Austria's access to the single European market and proximity to EU aspirant economies. In 2000, Austria moved to further cut government spending and raise taxes to meet EMU deficit targets after facing unexpected difficulties in reducing the public deficit. To meet increased competition from both EU and Central European countries, Austria will need to emphasize knowledge-based sectors of the economy and continue to deregulate the service sector. Growth is expected to remain at about 3% in 2001.
Electricity - consumption 8.37 billion kWh (1999) 53.231 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 13.507 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 11.605 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 9 billion kWh (1999) 59.283 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel:
29.53%

hydro:
67.65%

nuclear:
0%

other:
2.82% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Persian Gulf 0 m

highest point:
Qurayn Abu al Bawl 103 m
lowest point:
Neusiedler See 115 m

highest point:
Grossglockner 3,798 m
Environment - current issues limited natural fresh water resources are increasing dependence on large-scale desalination facilities some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of agricultural chemicals; air pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants and from trucks transiting Austria between northern and southern Europe
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea
party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups Arab 40%, Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14% German 98%, Croatian, Slovene, other (includes Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks, Roma)
Exchange rates Qatari rials per US dollar - 3.6400 (fixed rate) euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); Austrian schillings per US dollar - 11.86 (January 1999), 12.91 (1999), 12.379 (1998), 12.204 (1997), 10.587 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state:
Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani (since 27 June 1995 when, as crown prince, he ousted his father, Amir KHALIFA bin Hamad Al Thani, in a bloodless coup); Crown Prince JASSIM bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, third son of the monarch (selected crown prince by the monarch 22 October 1996); note - Amir HAMAD also holds the positions of minister of defense and commander-in-chief of the armed forces

head of government:
Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Khalifa Al Thani, brother of the monarch (since 30 October 1996); Deputy Prime Minister MUHAMMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, brother of the monarch (since 20 January 1998)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary

note:
in March 1999 Qatar held nationwide elections for a 29-member Central Municipal Council, which has consultative powers aimed at improving the provision of municipal services
chief of state:
President Thomas KLESTIL (since 8 July 1992)

head of government:
Chancellor Wolfgang SCHUESSEL (OeVP)(since 4 February 2000); Vice Chancellor Susanne RIESS-PASSER (FPOe) (since 4 February 2000)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor

elections:
president elected by direct popular vote for a six-year term; presidential election last held 19 April 1998 (next to be held in the spring of 2004); chancellor traditionally chosen by the president from the plurality party in the National Council; in the case of the current coalition, the chancellor was chosen from another party after the plurality party failed to form a government; vice chancellor chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor

election results:
Thomas KLESTIL reelected president; percent of vote - Thomas KLESTIL 63%, Gertraud KNOLL 14%, Heide SCHMIDT 11%, Richard LUGNER 10%, Karl NOWAK 2%

note:
government coalition - OeVP and FPOe
Exports $9.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $63.2 billion (2000 est.)
Exports - commodities petroleum products 80%, fertilizers, steel machinery and equipment, paper and paperboard, metal goods, chemicals, iron and steel; textiles, foodstuffs
Exports - partners Japan 52%, Singapore 9%, South Korea 8%, US, UAE (1998) EU 64.2% (Germany 35.7%, Italy 8.7%, France 4.5%), Switzerland 5.9%, US 4.5%, Hungary 3.9% (1999)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March calendar year
Flag description maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on the hoist side three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red
GDP purchasing power parity - $15.1 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $203 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
1%

industry:
49%

services:
50% (1996 est.)
agriculture:
2.2%

industry:
30.4%

services:
67.4% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $20,300 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $25,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4% (2000 est.) 3.1% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 25 30 N, 51 15 E 47 20 N, 13 20 E
Geography - note strategic location in central Persian Gulf near major petroleum deposits landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere
Heliports 1 (2000 est.) 1 (2000 est.)
Highways total:
1,230 km

paved:
1,107 km

unpaved:
123 km (1996)
total:
133,361 km

paved:
133,361 km (including 1,613 km of expressways)

unpaved:
0 km (1998)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
-
Illicit drugs - transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for Western Europe
Imports $3.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $65.6 billion (2000 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals machinery and equipment, chemicals, metal goods, oil and oil products; foodstuffs
Imports - partners UK 10%, Japan 8%, Germany 6%, US 6%, Italy 6% (1998) EU 70.3% (Germany 42.5%, Italy 7.9%, France 5.3%), US 5.4%, Switzerland 3.0%, Hungary 2.8% (1999)
Independence 3 September 1971 (from UK) 1156 (from Bavaria)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 4.2% (2000)
Industries crude oil production and refining, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, chemicals, lumber and wood processing, paper and paperboard, communications equipment, tourism
Infant mortality rate 21.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 4.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.5% (2000) 2% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CCC, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNTAET, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 37 (2000)
Irrigated land 80 sq km (1993 est.) 457 sq km (1995 est.)
Judicial branch Court of Appeal Supreme Judicial Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof; Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgerichtshof
Labor force 233,000 (1993 est.) 3.7 million (1999)
Labor force - by occupation - services 68%, industry and crafts 29%, agriculture and forestry 3% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries total:
60 km

border countries:
Saudi Arabia 60 km
total:
2,562 km

border countries:
Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366 km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 35 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 330 km, Switzerland 164 km
Land use arable land:
1%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
5%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
94% (1993 est.)
arable land:
17%

permanent crops:
1%

permanent pastures:
23%

forests and woodland:
39%

other:
20% (1996 est.)
Languages Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language German
Legal system discretionary system of law controlled by the amir, although civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law is significant in personal matters civil law system with Roman law origin; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (35 seats; members appointed)

note:
the constitution calls for elections for part of this consultative body, but no elections have been held since 1970, when there were partial elections to the body; Council members have their terms extended every four years since
bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of Federal Council or Bundesrat (64 members; members represent each of the states on the basis of population, but with each state having at least three representatives; members serve a four- or six-year term) and the National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
National Council - last held 3 October 1999 (next to be held in the fall of 2003)

election results:
National Council - percent of vote by party - SPOe 33.2%, OeVP 26.9%, FPOe 26.9%, Greens 7.4%; seats by party - SPOe 65, OeVP 52, FPOe 52, Greens 14
Life expectancy at birth total population:
72.62 years

male:
70.16 years

female:
75.21 years (2001 est.)
total population:
77.84 years

male:
74.68 years

female:
81.15 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
79%

male:
79%

female:
80% (1995 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
98%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia
Map references Middle East Europe
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
as determined by bilateral agreements or the median line

territorial sea:
12 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total:
25 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 677,992 GRT/1,049,447 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 10, combination ore/oil 2, container 7, petroleum tanker 6 (2000 est.)
total:
23 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 86,905 GRT/117,417 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 1, cargo 18, combination bulk 2, container 2 (2000 est.)
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force, Public Security Army (includes Flying Division)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $723 million (FY00/01) $1.7 billion (FY98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 10% (FY00/01) 1.2% (FY98)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
312,116

note:
includes non-nationals (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
2,091,263 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
163,642 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
1,731,383 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age 19 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
6,797 (2001 est.)
males:
50,580 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 3 September (1971) National Day, 26 October (1955); note - commemorates the passage of the law on permanent neutrality
Nationality noun:
Qatari(s)

adjective:
Qatari
noun:
Austrian(s)

adjective:
Austrian
Natural hazards haze, dust storms, sandstorms common NA
Natural resources petroleum, natural gas, fish iron ore, oil, timber, magnesite, lead, coal, lignite, copper, hydropower
Net migration rate 20.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 2.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 235 km; natural gas 400 km crude oil 777 km; natural gas 840 km (1999)
Political parties and leaders none Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Wolfgang SCHUESSEL]; Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Susanne RIESS-PASSER]; Social Democratic Party of Austria or SPOe [Alfred GUSENBAUER]; The Greens Alternative or GA [Alexander VAN DER BELLEN]
Political pressure groups and leaders none Austrian Trade Union Federation (primarily Socialist) or OeGB; Federal Economic Chamber; OeVP-oriented League of Austrian Industrialists or VOeI; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action; three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party or OeVP representing business, labor, and farmers
Population 769,152 (July 2001 est.) 8,150,835 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 3.18% (2001 est.) 0.24% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Doha, Halul Island, Umm Sa'id (Musay'id) Linz, Vienna, Enns, Krems
Radio broadcast stations AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (1998) AM 1, FM 61 (plus several hundred repeaters), shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios 256,000 (1997) 6.08 million (1997)
Railways 0 km total:
6,095.2 km (3,643.3 km electrified)

standard gauge:
5,564.2 km 1.435-m gauge (3,521.2 km electrified)

narrow gauge:
497.1 km (33.9 km 1.000-m gauge - 28.1 km electrified, 497.1 km 0.760-m gauge - 94 km electrified) (2001)
Religions Muslim 95% Roman Catholic 78%, Protestant 5%, Muslim and other 17%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
2.43 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
2.5 male(s)/female

total population:
1.92 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.62 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage suffrage is limited to municipal elections 19 years of age; universal; compulsory for presidential elections
Telephone system general assessment:
modern system centered in Doha

domestic:
NA

international:
tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and UAE; submarine cable to Bahrain and UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat
general assessment:
highly developed and efficient

domestic:
there are 48 main lines for every 100 persons and the system is nearly 100% digital; the fiber optic net is very extensive; all telephone applications and Internet services are available

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 2 Eutelsat (1999)
Telephones - main lines in use 142,000 (1997) 4 million (3,600,000 analog main lines plus 400,000 ISDN or Integrated Services Digital Network connections) (1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular 43,476 (1997) 4.5 million (2000)
Television broadcast stations 2 (plus three repeaters) (1997) 45 (plus 960 repeaters) (1995)
Terrain mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel in the west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along the eastern and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping
Total fertility rate 3.17 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.39 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 5.4% (2000 est.)
Waterways none 358 km (1999)
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