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Compare Peru (2005) - Greenland (2002)

Compare Peru (2005) z Greenland (2002)

 Peru (2005)Greenland (2002)
 PeruGreenland
Administrative divisions 25 regions (regiones, singular - region) and 1 province* (provincia); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Lima*, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali 3 districts (landsdele); Avannaa (Nordgronland), Tunu (Ostgronland), Kitaa (Vestgronland)


note: there are 18 municipalities in Greenland
Age structure 0-14 years: 31.5% (male 4,479,278/female 4,323,356)


15-64 years: 63.3% (male 8,891,785/female 8,776,343)


65 years and over: 5.2% (male 685,179/female 769,687) (2005 est.)
0-14 years: 26.3% (male 7,561; female 7,284)


15-64 years: 68.1% (male 20,880; female 17,489)


65 years and over: 5.6% (male 1,442; female 1,720) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products coffee, cotton, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, corn, plantains, grapes, oranges, coca; poultry, beef, dairy products; fish forage crops, garden and greenhouse vegetables; sheep, reindeer; fish
Airports 234 (2004 est.) 15 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 52


over 3,047 m: 5


2,438 to 3,047 m: 20


1,524 to 2,437 m: 16


914 to 1,523 m: 9


under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
total: 9


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 5 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 182


1,524 to 2,437 m: 21


914 to 1,523 m: 62


under 914 m: 99 (2004 est.)
total: 5


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 2


under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Area total: 1,285,220 sq km


land: 1.28 million sq km


water: 5,220 sq km
total: 2,166,086 sq km


land: 2,166,086 sq km (410,449 sq km ice-free, 1,755,637 sq km ice-covered) (est.)
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Alaska slightly more than three times the size of Texas
Background Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose empire was captured by the Spanish conquistadors in 1533. Peruvian independence was declared in 1821, and remaining Spanish forces defeated in 1824. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980, but experienced economic problems and the growth of a violent insurgency. President Alberto FUJIMORI's election in 1990 ushered in a decade that saw a dramatic turnaround in the economy and significant progress in curtailing guerrilla activity. Nevertheless, the president's increasing reliance on authoritarian measures and an economic slump in the late 1990s generated mounting dissatisfaction with his regime. FUJIMORI won reelection to a third term in the spring of 2000, but international pressure and corruption scandals led to his ouster by Congress in November of that year. A caretaker government oversaw new elections in the spring of 2001, which ushered in Alejandro TOLEDO as the new head of government; his presidency has been hampered by allegations of corruption. The world's largest non-continental island, about 84% ice-capped, Greenland was granted self-government in 1978 by the Danish parliament. The law went into effect the following year. Denmark continues to exercise control of Greenland's foreign affairs.
Birth rate 20.87 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) 16.27 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues: $13.6 billion


expenditures: $14.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.8 billion, for general government, excluding private enterprises (2004 est.)
revenues: $646 million


expenditures: $629 million, including capital expenditures of $85 million (1999) (1999)
Capital Lima Nuuk (Godthab)
Climate varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters
Coastline 2,414 km 44,087 km
Constitution 31 December 1993 5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Peru


conventional short form: Peru


local long form: Republica del Peru


local short form: Peru
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Greenland


local long form: none


local short form: Kalaallit Nunaat
Currency - Danish krone (DKK)
Death rate 6.26 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) 7.61 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $29.79 billion (2004 est.) $25 million (1999) (1999)
Dependency status - part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark since 1979
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador J. Curtis STRUBLE


embassy: Avenida La Encalada, Cuadra 17s/n, Surco, Lima 33


mailing address: P. O. Box 1995, Lima 1; American Embassy (Lima), APO AA 34031-5000


telephone: [51] (1) 434-3000


FAX: [51] (1) 434-3037
none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Eduardo FERRERO Costa


chancery: 1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 833-9860 through 9869


FAX: [1] (202) 659-8124


consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Denver, Hartford, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Paterson (New Jersey), San Francisco, Washington, DC
none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)
Disputes - international Peru proposes changing its latitudinal maritime boundary with Chile to an equidistance line with a southwestern axis; organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia have penetrated Peru's shared border; Peru does not support Bolivia's claim to restore maritime access through a sovereign corridor through Chile along the Peruvian border none
Economic aid - recipient $491 million (2002) $380 million subsidy from Denmark (1999)
Economy - overview Peru's economy reflects its varied geography - an arid coastal region, the Andes further inland, and tropical lands bordering Colombia and Brazil. Abundant mineral resources are found in the mountainous areas, and Peru's coastal waters provide excellent fishing grounds. However, overdependence on minerals and metals subjects the economy to fluctuations in world prices, and a lack of infrastructure deters trade and investment. After several years of inconsistent economic performance, the Peruvian economy grew by an average 4 percent per year during the period 2002-2004, with a stable exchange rate and low inflation. Risk premiums on Peruvian bonds on secondary markets reached historically low levels in late 2004, reflecting investor optimism regarding the government's prudent fiscal policies and openness to trade and investment. Despite the strong macroeconomic performance, the TOLEDO administration remained unpopular in 2004, and unemployment and poverty have stayed persistently high. The economy remains critically dependent on exports of fish and substantial support from the Danish Government, which supplies about half of government revenues. The public sector, including publicly owned enterprises and the municipalities, plays the dominant role in the economy. Despite several interesting hydrocarbon and minerals exploration activities, it will take several years before production can materialize. Tourism is the only sector offering any near-term potential, and even this is limited due to a short season and high costs.
Electricity - consumption 20.22 billion kWh (2002) 232.5 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2003) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2003) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 22.88 billion kWh (2004 est.) 250 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0%


note: Greenland is shifting its electricity production from fossil fuel to hydroelectric power production (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Nevado Huascaran 6,768 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Gunnbjorn 3,700 m
Environment - current issues deforestation (some the result of illegal logging); overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes protection of the arctic environment; preservation of the Inuit traditional way of life, including whaling and seal hunting
Environment - international agreements party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
-
Ethnic groups Amerindian 45%, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3% Greenlander 88% (Inuit and Greenland-born whites), Danish and others 12% (January 2000)
Exchange rates nuevo sol per US dollar - 3.4132 (2004), 3.4785 (2003), 3.5165 (2002), 3.5068 (2001), 3.49 (2000) Danish kroner per US dollar - 8.418 (January 2002), 8.323 (2001), 8.083 (2000), 6.976 (1999), 6.701 (1998), 6.604 (1997)
Executive branch chief of state: President Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique (since 28 July 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; additionally, the constitution provides for two vice presidents, First Vice President (vacant) and Second Vice President David WAISMAN Rjavinsthi (since 28 July 2001)


head of government: President Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique (since 28 July 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; additionally, the constitution provides for two vice presidents, First Vice President (vacant) and Second Vice President David WAISMAN Rjavinsthi (since 28 July 2001)


note: Prime Minister Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI (since 25 August 2005) does not exercise executive power; this power is in the hands of the president


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; special presidential and congressional elections held 8 April 2001, with runoff election held 3 June 2001; next to be held 9 April 2006


election results: President Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique elected president in runoff election; percent of vote - Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique 53.1%, Alan GARCIA 46.9%
chief of state: Queen MARGRETHE II of Denmark (since 14 January 1972), represented by High Commissioner Gunnar MARTENS (since NA 1995)


head of government: Prime Minister Hans ENOKSEN (since 14 December 2002)


cabinet: Home Rule Government is elected by the Parliament (Landstinget) on the basis of the strength of parties


elections: the monarchy is hereditary; high commissioner appointed by the monarch; prime minister is elected by Parliament (usually the leader of the majority party); election last held 3 December 2002 (next to be held NA December 2006)


election results: Hans ENOKSEN elected prime minister


note: government coalition - Siumut and Atassut
Exports 49,000 bbl/day (2004 est.) $264 million f.o.b. (2000)
Exports - commodities copper, gold, zinc, crude petroleum and petroleum products, coffee fish and fish products 94% (prawns 63%)
Exports - partners US 29.5%, China 9.9%, UK 9%, Chile 5.1%, Japan 4.4% (2004) EU (mainly Denmark) 85%, Japan 8%, US 2% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a shield bearing a vicuna, cinchona tree (the source of quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins, all framed by a green wreath two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a large disk slightly to the hoist side of center - the top half of the disk is red, the bottom half is white
GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.1 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 8%


industry: 27%


services: 65% (2003 est.)
agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $5,600 (2004 est.) purchasing power parity - $20,000 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4.5% (2004 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 10 00 S, 76 00 W 72 00 N, 40 00 W
Geography - note shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia; a remote slope of Nevado Mismi, a 5,316 m peak, is the ultimate source of the Amazon River dominates North Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe; sparse population confined to small settlements along coast, but close to one-quarter of the population lives in the capital, Nuuk; world's second largest ice cap
Heliports 1 (2004 est.) -
Highways total: 78,230 km


paved: 10,452 km


unpaved: 67,778 km (2001)
total: 150 km


paved: 60 km


unpaved: 90 km
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 0.8%


highest 10%: 37.2% (2000)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer; emerging opium producer; cultivation of coca in Peru fell 15 percent to 31,150 hectares between 2002 and the end of 2003; much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine, while finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to Europe and Africa -
Imports NA $349 million c.i.f. (2000)
Imports - commodities petroleum and petroleum products, plastics, machinery, vehicles, iron and steel, wheat, paper machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, petroleum products
Imports - partners US 30.3%, Spain 11.5%, Chile 7.2%, Brazil 5.4%, Colombia 5.2% (2004) EU (mostly Denmark), Norway, US, Canada
Independence 28 July 1821 (from Spain) none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark since 1979)


note: foreign affairs is the responsibility of Denmark, but Greenland actively participates in international agreements relating to Greenland
Industrial production growth rate 5.2% (2004 est.) NA%
Industries mining and refining of minerals and metals, petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas, fishing and fish processing, textiles, clothing, food processing, steel, metal fabrication fish processing (mainly shrimp and Greenland halibut), handicrafts, hides and skins, small shipyards, mining
Infant mortality rate total: 31.94 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 34.53 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 29.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
17.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.8% (2004 est.) 1.6% (1999 est.)
International organization participation APEC, CAN, CSN, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM, OAS, ONUB, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO NC, NIB
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 11,950 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary) High Court or Landsret (appeals can be made to the Ostre Landsret or Eastern Division of the High Court or Supreme Court in Copenhagen)
Labor force 11 million (2004 est.) 24,500 (1999 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 9%, industry 18%, services 73% (2001) -
Land boundaries total: 5,536 km


border countries: Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km, Colombia 1,496 km (est.), Ecuador 1,420 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 2.89%


permanent crops: 0.4%


other: 96.71% (2001)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara, and a large number of minor Amazonian languages Greenlandic (East Inuit), Danish, English
Legal system based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Danish
Legislative branch unicameral Congress of the Republic of Peru or Congreso de la Republica del Peru (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 8 April 2001 (next to be held 9 April 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - PP 26.3%, APRA 19.7%, UN 13.8%, FIM 11.0%, others 29.2%; seats by party - PP 47, APRA 28, UN 17, FIM 11, others 17
unicameral Parliament or Landstinget (31 seats; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held on 3 December 2002 (next to be held by NA December 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - Siumut 28.7%, Inuit Ataqatigiit 25.5%, Atassut Party 20.4%, Demokratiit 15.6%, Katusseqatigiit 5.3%; seats by party - Siumut 10, Inuit Ataqatigiit 8, Atassut 7, Demokratiit 5, Katusseqatigiit 1


note: two representatives were elected to the Danish Parliament or Folketing on 20 November 2001 (next to be held no later than November 2005); percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Siumut 1, Inuit Ataqatigiit 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: 69.53 years


male: 67.77 years


female: 71.37 years (2005 est.)
total population: 68.69 years


male: 65.13 years


female: 72.32 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 87.7%


male: 93.5%


female: 82.1% (2004 est.)
definition: NA


total population: NA%


male: NA%


female: NA%


note: similar to Denmark proper
Location Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador Northern North America, island between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada
Map references South America Arctic Region
Maritime claims territorial sea: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 NM or agreed boundaries or median line


exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM or agreed boundaries or median line


territorial sea: 3 NM
Merchant marine total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 13,666 GRT/17,611 DWT


by type: cargo 3, petroleum tanker 1


foreign-owned: 1 (United States 1)


registered in other countries: 14 (2005)
total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,289 GRT/1,500 DWT


ships by type: cargo 1, passenger 1, includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Denmark 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of Denmark
Military branches Army (Ejercito Peruano), Navy (Marina de Guerra del Peru; includes Naval Air, Naval Infantry, and Coast Guard), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea del Peru; FAP) -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $829.3 million (2003) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.4% (2004) -
National holiday Independence Day, 28 July (1821) June 21 (longest day)
Nationality noun: Peruvian(s)


adjective: Peruvian
noun: Greenlander(s)


adjective: Greenlandic
Natural hazards earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island
Natural resources copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower, natural gas zinc, lead, iron ore, coal, molybdenum, gold, platinum, uranium, fish, seals, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas
Net migration rate -1.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) -8.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines gas 388 km; oil 1,557 km; refined products 13 km (2004) -
Political parties and leaders Independent Moralizing Front or FIM [Fernando OLIVERA Vega]; National Unity (Unidad Nacional) or UN [Lourdes FLORES Nano]; Peru Posible or PP [David WAISMAN]; Peruvian Aprista Party or PAP (also referred to by its original name Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana or APRA) [Alan GARCIA]; Popular Action or AP [Javier DIAZ Orihuela]; Solucion Popular [Carlos BOLANA]; Somos Peru or SP [Alberto ANDRADE]; Union for Peru or UPP [Roger GUERRA Garcia] Akulliit Party [Bjarne KREUTZMANN]; Atassut Party (Solidarity, a conservative party favoring continuing close relations with Denmark) [Daniel SKIFTE]; Demokratiit [leader NA]; Inuit Ataqatigiit or IA (Eskimo Brotherhood, a leftist party favoring complete independence from Denmark rather than home rule) [Josef MOTZFELDT]; Issituup (Polar Party) [Nicolai HEINRICH]; Kattusseqatigiit (Candidate List, an independent right-of-center party with no official platform [leader NA]; Siumut (Forward Party, a social democratic party advocating more distinct Greenlandic identity and greater autonomy from Denmark) [Hans ENOKSEN]
Political pressure groups and leaders leftist guerrilla groups include Shining Path [Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned), Gabriel MACARIO (top leader at-large)]; Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement or MRTA [Victor POLAY (imprisoned), Hugo AVALLENEDA Valdez (top leader at-large)] NA
Population 27,925,628 (July 2005 est.) 56,376 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 54% (2003 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.36% (2005 est.) 0.03% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Callao, Iquitos, Matarani, Pucallpa, Yurimaguas


note: Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas are on the upper reaches of the Amazon and its tributaries
Aasiaat (Egedesminde), Ilulissat (Jakobshavn), Kangerlussuaq, Nanortalik, Narsarsuaq, Nuuk (Godthab), Qaqortoq (Julianehab), Sisimiut (Holsteinsborg), Tasiilaq (March 2001)
Radio broadcast stations AM 472, FM 198, shortwave 189 (1999) AM 5, FM 12, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 30,000 (1998 est.)
Railways total: 3,462 km


standard gauge: 2,962 km 1.435-m gauge


narrow gauge: 500 km 0.914-m gauge (2004)
0 km
Religions Roman Catholic 81%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.4%, other Christian 0.7%, other 0.6%, unspecified or none 16.3% (2003 est.) Evangelical Lutheran
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.19 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female


total population: 1.13 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal and compulsory until the age of 70; note - members of the military and national police may not vote 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: adequate for most requirements


domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations


international: country code - 51; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); Pan American submarine cable
general assessment: adequate domestic and international service provided by satellite, cables and microwave radio relay; totally digitalized in 1995


domestic: microwave radio relay and satellite


international: satellite earth stations - 12 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 2 Americom GE-2 (all Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 1,839,200 (2003) 25,617 (yearend 1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular 2,908,800 (2003) 12,676 (yearend 1999)
Television broadcast stations 13 (plus 112 repeaters) (1997) 1 publicly-owned station, some local low-power stations, and three AFRTS (US Air Force) stations (1997)
Terrain western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva) flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, mountainous, barren, rocky coast
Total fertility rate 2.56 children born/woman (2005 est.) 2.43 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 9.6% in metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment (2004 est.) 10% (2000 est.)
Waterways 8,808 km


note: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km of Lago Titicaca (2004)
none
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