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Compare Oman (2003) - Sweden (2003)

Compare Oman (2003) z Sweden (2003)

 Oman (2003)Sweden (2003)
 OmanSweden
Administrative divisions 6 regions (mintaqat, singular - mintaqah) and 2 governorates* (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah) Ad Dakhiliyah, Al Batinah, Al Wusta, Ash Sharqiyah, Az Zahirah, Masqat, Musandam*, Zufar*; note - the US Embassy in Oman reports that Masqat is a governorate, but this has not been confirmed by the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN) 21 counties (lan, singular and plural); Blekinge, Dalarnas, Gavleborgs, Gotlands, Hallands, Jamtlands, Jonkopings, Kalmar, Kronobergs, Norrbottens, Orebro, Ostergotlands, Skane, Sodermanlands, Stockholms, Uppsala, Varmlands, Vasterbottens, Vasternorrlands, Vastmanlands, Vastra Gotalands
Age structure 0-14 years: 42.2% (male 603,664; female 580,469)


15-64 years: 55.4% (male 934,621; female 620,158)


65 years and over: 2.4% (male 36,504; female 31,709) (2003 est.)
0-14 years: 17.7% (male 804,296; female 763,213)


15-64 years: 65% (male 2,933,183; female 2,835,835)


65 years and over: 17.3% (male 654,575; female 886,983) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products dates, limes, bananas, alfalfa, vegetables; camels, cattle; fish barley, wheat, sugar beets; meat, milk
Airports 139 (2002) 245 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways total: 6


over 3,047 m: 4


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
total: 145


over 3,047 m: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 11


1,524 to 2,437 m: 82


914 to 1,523 m: 24


under 914 m: 25 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 133


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 7


1,524 to 2,437 m: 55


914 to 1,523 m: 37


under 914 m: 32 (2002)
total: 100


914 to 1,523 m: 10


under 914 m: 90 (2002)
Area total: 212,460 sq km


land: 212,460 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 449,964 sq km


land: 410,934 sq km


water: 39,030 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Kansas slightly larger than California
Background In 1970, QABOOS bin Said Al Said ousted his father and has ruled as sultan ever since. His extensive modernization program has opened the country to the outside world and has preserved a long-standing political and military relationship with the UK. Oman's moderate, independent foreign policy has sought to maintain good relations with all Middle Eastern countries. A military power during the 17th century, Sweden has not participated in any war in almost two centuries. An armed neutrality was preserved in both World Wars. Sweden's long-successful economic formula of a capitalist system interlarded with substantial welfare elements was challenged in the 1990s by high unemployment, rising maintenance costs, and a declining position in world markets. Indecision over the country's role in the political and economic integration of Europe delayed Sweden's entry into the EU until 1995, and waived the introduction of the euro in 1999.
Birth rate 37.47 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 9.71 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget revenues: $9.2 billion


expenditures: $6.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues: $119 billion


expenditures: $110 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
Capital Muscat Stockholm
Climate dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north
Coastline 2,092 km 3,218 km
Constitution none; note - on 6 November 1996, Sultan QABOOS issued a royal decree promulgating a new basic law which, among other things, clarifies the royal succession, provides for a prime minister, bars ministers from holding interests in companies doing business with the government, establishes a bicameral legislature, and guarantees basic civil liberties for Omani citizens 1 January 1975
Country name conventional long form: Sultanate of Oman


conventional short form: Oman


local long form: Saltanat Uman


local short form: Uman


former: Muscat and Oman
conventional long form: Kingdom of Sweden


conventional short form: Sweden


local long form: Konungariket Sverige


local short form: Sverige
Currency Omani rial (OMR) Swedish krona (SEK)
Death rate 3.97 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 10.58 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external $5.7 billion (2002 est.) $66.5 billion (1994)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Richard Lewis BALTIMORE III


embassy: Jameat A'Duwal Al Arabiya Street, Al Khuwair area, Muscat


mailing address: P. O. Box 202, P.C. 115, Madinat Al-Sultan Qaboos, Muscat


telephone: [968] 698989, extension 203


FAX: [968] 699771
chief of mission: Ambassador Charles A. HEIMBOLD, Jr.


embassy: Dag Hammarskjolds VAG 31, SE-11589 Stockholm


mailing address: American Embassy Stockholm, Department of State, 5750 Stockholm Place, Washington, DC 20521-5750 (pouch)


telephone: [46] (08) 783 53 00


FAX: [46] (08) 661 19 64
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Muhammad bin Ali bin Thani AL-KHUSSAIBY


chancery: 2535 Belmont Road, NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 387-1980 through 1981, 1988


FAX: [1] (202) 745-4933
chief of mission: Ambassador Jan ELIASSON


chancery: 1501 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20005-1702


telephone: [1] (202) 467-2600


FAX: [1] (202) 467-2699


consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York
Disputes - international boundary agreement signed and ratified with UAE in 2003 for entire border, including Oman's Musandam Peninsula and Al Madhah enclaves none
Economic aid - donor - ODA, $1.7 billion (1997)
Economic aid - recipient $76.4 million (1995) -
Economy - overview Oman's economic performance improved significantly in 2000 due largely to the upturn in oil prices. The government is moving ahead with privatization of its utilities, the development of a body of commercial law to facilitate foreign investment, and increased budgetary outlays. Oman continues to liberalize its markets and joined the World Trade Organization (WTrO) in November 2000. GDP growth improved in 2001 despite the global slowdown and then fell back to 2.2% in 2002. In order to reduce unemployment, the government is trying to replace expatriate workers with local workers. Another government objective is the development of the nation's gas resources. Aided by peace and neutrality for the whole 20th century, Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living under a mixed system of high-tech capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. It has a modern distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a skilled labor force. Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy heavily oriented toward foreign trade. Privately owned firms account for about 90% of industrial output, of which the engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports. Agriculture accounts for only 2% of GDP and 2% of the jobs. The government's commitment to fiscal discipline resulted in a substantial budgetary surplus in 2001, which was cut by more than half in 2002, due to the global economic slowdown, revenue declines, and spending increases. The Swedish central bank (the Riksbank) is focusing on price stability with its inflation target of 2%. Growth remained sluggish in 2003. On September 14, 2003, Swedish voters turned down entry into the euro system, concerned about the impact on democracy and sovereignty.
Electricity - consumption 8.625 billion kWh (2001) 134.9 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 18.45 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 11.14 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 9.274 billion kWh (2001) 152.9 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
fossil fuel: 4%


hydro: 50.8%


nuclear: 43%


other: 2.3% (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Arabian Sea 0 m


highest point: Jabal Shams 2,980 m
lowest point: reclaimed bay of Lake Hammarsjon, near Kristianstad -2.41 m


highest point: Kebnekaise 2,111 m
Environment - current issues rising soil salinity; beach pollution from oil spills; very limited natural fresh water resources acid rain damage to soils and lakes; pollution of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups Arab, Baluchi, South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Bangladeshi), African indigenous population: Swedes and Finnish and Sami minorities; foreign-born or first-generation immigrants: Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks
Exchange rates Omani rials per US dollar - 0.38 (2002), 0.38 (2001), 0.38 (2000), 0.38 (1999), 0.38 (1998) Swedish kronor per US dollar - 9.74 (2002), 10.33 (2001), 9.16 (2000), 8.26 (1999), 7.95 (1998)
Executive branch chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister QABOOS bin Said Al Said (since 23 July 1970); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister QABOOS bin Said Al Said (since 23 July 1970); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary
chief of state: King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 19 September 1973); Heir Apparent Princess VICTORIA Ingrid Alice Desiree, daughter of the monarch (born 14 July 1977)


head of government: Prime Minister Goran PERSSON (since 21 March 1996)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister


elections: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the prime minister is elected by the Parliament; election last held 15 September 2002 (next to be held NA September 2006)


election results: Goran PERSSON reelected prime minister with 131 out of 349 votes
Exports NA (2001) 203,700 bbl/day (2001)
Exports - commodities petroleum, reexports, fish, metals, textiles machinery 35%, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals
Exports - partners Japan 20.5%, South Korea 18.5%, China 14.1%, Thailand 11.7%, UAE 9.2%, Singapore 4.3%, US 4.1% (2002) US 11.6%, Germany 10.1%, Norway 9%, UK 8.2%, Denmark 5.9%, Finland 5.6%, Netherlands 5.3%, France 5.1%, Belgium 4.7% (2002)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three horizontal bands of white, red, and green of equal width with a broad, vertical, red band on the hoist side; the national emblem (a khanjar dagger in its sheath superimposed on two crossed swords in scabbards) in white is centered near the top of the vertical band blue with a golden yellow cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
GDP purchasing power parity - $22.4 billion (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $230.7 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 3%


industry: 55%


services: 42% (2001 est.)
agriculture: 2%


industry: 29%


services: 69% (2001)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $8,300 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $26,000 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2.2% (2002 est.) 1.9% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 21 00 N, 57 00 E 62 00 N, 15 00 E
Geography - note strategic location on Musandam Peninsula adjacent to Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas
Heliports 1 (2002) 2 (2002)
Highways total: 34,965 km


paved: 9,673 km (including 550 km of expressways)


unpaved: 25,292 km (2001)
total: 212,402 km


paved: 166,523 km (including 1,499 km of expressways)


unpaved: 45,879 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: 3.7%


highest 10%: 20.1% (1992)
Imports NA (2001) 553,100 bbl/day (2001)
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, livestock, lubricants machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs, clothing
Imports - partners UAE 27.5%, Japan 16.7%, UK 7.4%, US 6.9%, Germany 5% (2002) Germany 18.5%, Denmark 8.8%, UK 8.6%, Norway 8.2%, Netherlands 6.7%, France 5.4%, Finland 5.2%, US 5% (2002)
Independence 1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese) 6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king)
Industrial production growth rate 4% (2000 est.) 0.9% (2002 est.)
Industries crude oil production and refining, natural gas production, construction, cement, copper iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles
Infant mortality rate total: 21.01 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 24.03 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 17.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
total: 3.42 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 3.86 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 2.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) -0.5% (2002 est.) 2.2% (2002 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 6, G- 9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMISET, UNMOGIP, UNOMIG, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 29 (2000)
Irrigated land 620 sq km (1998 est.) 1,150 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court


note: the nascent civil court system, administered by region, has non-Islamic judges as well as traditional Islamic judges
Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by the prime minister and the cabinet)
Labor force 920,000 (2002 est.) 4.4 million (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA% agriculture 2%, industry 24%, services 74% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total: 1,374 km


border countries: Saudi Arabia 676 km, UAE 410 km, Yemen 288 km
total: 2,205 km


border countries: Finland 586 km, Norway 1,619 km
Land use arable land: 0.08%


permanent crops: 0.22%


other: 99.7% (1998 est.)
arable land: 6.8%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 93.2% (1998 est.)
Languages Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects Swedish


note: small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Legal system based on English common law and Islamic law; ultimate appeal to the monarch; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction civil law system influenced by customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch bicameral Majlis Oman consists of an upper chamber or Majlis al-Dawla (48 seats; members appointed by the monarch; has advisory powers only) and a lower chamber or Majlis al-Shura (83 seats; members elected by limited suffrage for three-year term, however, the monarch makes final selections and can negate election results; body has some limited power to propose legislation, but otherwise has only advisory powers)


elections: last held 4 October 2003 (next to be held NA 2006)


election results: NA
unicameral Parliament or Riksdag (349 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 15 September 2002 (next to be held NA September 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - Social Democrats 39.8%, Moderates 15.2%, Liberal Party 13.3%, Christian Democrats 9.1%, Left Party 8.3%, Center Party 6.1%, Greens 4.6%; seats by party - Social Democrats 144, Moderates 55, Liberal Party 48, Christian Democrats 33, Left Party 30, Center Party 22, Greens 17
Life expectancy at birth total population: 72.58 years


male: 70.4 years


female: 74.86 years (2003 est.)
total population: 79.97 years


male: 77.31 years


female: 82.78 years (2003 est.)
Literacy definition: NA


total population: 75.8%


male: 83.1%


female: 67.2% (2003 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99% (1979 est.)


male: NA%


female: NA%
Location Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf, between Yemen and UAE Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway
Map references Middle East Europe
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 24 NM


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive economic zone: agreed boundaries or midlines


territorial sea: 12 NM (adjustments made to return a portion of straits to high seas)
Merchant marine total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 17,291 GRT/9,457 DWT


ships by type: container 1, passenger 2


note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Singapore 1 (2002 est.)
total: 166 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 2,329,925 GRT/1,609,986 DWT


ships by type: bulk 5, cargo 35, chemical tanker 31, combination ore/oil 1, petroleum tanker 25, roll on/roll off 35, short-sea passenger 8, specialized tanker 5, vehicle carrier 21


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Denmark 8, Finland 8, Germany 3, Italy 3, Japan 2, Norway 7 (2002 est.)
Military branches Royal Omani Armed Forces (Army, Navy, Air Force), Royal Omani Police Army, Royal Navy (including Coast Artillery and Naval Helicopter Service), Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $2.424 billion (FY01) $4.395 billion (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 12.2% (FY01) 2.1% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 788,429 (2003 est.) males age 15-49: 2,060,044 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 438,326 (2003 est.) males age 15-49: 1,800,376 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - military age 14 years of age (2003 est.) 19 years of age (2003 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 29,485 (2003 est.) males: 52,692 (2003 est.)
National holiday Birthday of Sultan QABOOS, 18 November (1940) Flag Day, 6 June
Nationality noun: Omani(s)


adjective: Omani
noun: Swede(s)


adjective: Swedish
Natural hazards summer winds often raise large sandstorms and dust storms in interior; periodic droughts ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic
Natural resources petroleum, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone, chromium, gypsum, natural gas zinc, iron ore, lead, copper, silver, timber, uranium, hydropower
Net migration rate 0.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) 1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pipelines gas 3,599 km; oil 3,187 km (2003) gas 798 km (2003)
Political parties and leaders none Center Party [Maud OLOFSSON]; Christian Democratic Party [Alf SVENSSON]; Green Party [no formal leader but party spokespersons are Maria WETTERSTRAND and Peter ERIKSSON]; Left Party or VP (formerly Communist) [Ulla HOFFMAN (acting)]; Liberal People's Party [Lars LEIJONBORG]; Moderate Party (conservative) [Fredrik REINFELDT]; Social Democratic Party [Goran PERSSON]
Political pressure groups and leaders none NA
Population 2,807,125


note: includes 577,293 non-nationals (July 2003 est.)
8,878,085 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 3.38% (2003 est.) 0.01% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors Matrah, Mina' al Fahl, Mina' Raysut Gavle, Goteborg, Halmstad, Helsingborg, Hudiksvall, Kalmar, Karlshamn, Lulea, Malmo, Solvesborg, Stockholm, Sundsvall
Radio broadcast stations AM 3, FM 9, shortwave 2 (1999) AM 1, FM 265, shortwave 1 (1998)
Railways 0 km total: 11,481 km


standard gauge: 11,481 km 1.435-m gauge (7,527 km electrified) (2002)
Religions Ibadhi Muslim 75%, Sunni Muslim, Shi'a Muslim, Hindu Lutheran 87%, Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, Buddhist
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.51 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.15 male(s)/female


total population: 1.28 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage in Oman's most recent elections in 2000, limited to approximately 175,000 Omanis chosen by the government to vote in elections for the Majlis al-Shura 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: modern system consisting of open-wire, microwave, and radiotelephone communication stations; limited coaxial cable


domestic: open-wire, microwave, radiotelephone communications, and a domestic satellite system with 8 earth stations


international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat
general assessment: excellent domestic and international facilities; automatic system


domestic: coaxial and multiconductor cables carry most of the voice traffic; parallel microwave radio relay systems carry some additional telephone channels


international: 5 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Sweden shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway)
Telephones - main lines in use 201,000 (1997) 6.017 million (December 1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular 59,822 (1997) 3.835 million (October 1998)
Television broadcast stations 13 (plus 25 low-power repeaters) (1999) 169 (plus 1,299 repeaters) (1995)
Terrain central desert plain, rugged mountains in north and south mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west
Total fertility rate 5.94 children born/woman (2003 est.) 1.54 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 4% (2002 est.)
Waterways none 2,052 km


note: navigable to small steamers and barges
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