Compare Niue (2003) - Macau (2005)

Compare Niue (2003) z Macau (2005)

	Niue (2003)	Macau (2005)

Administrative divisions	none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order	none (special administrative region of China)
Age structure	0-14 years: NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% (2003 est.)	0-14 years: 17% (male 39,564/female 36,947) 15-64 years: 75.1% (male 160,957/female 176,386) 65 years and over: 7.9% (male 14,713/female 20,631) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle	only 2% of land area is cultivated, mainly by vegetable growers; fishing, mostly for crustaceans, is important, some of catch is exported to Hong Kong; most food requirements are met by imports, primarily from China
Airports	1 (2002)	1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 260 sq km land: 260 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 25.4 sq km land: 25.4 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	1.5 times the size of Washington, DC	about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,100 in 2002), with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest.	Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau, and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years.
Birth rate	NA births/1,000 population (2003 est.)	8.04 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA	revenues: $1.84 billion expenditures: $1.57 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003)
Capital	Alofi	-
Climate	tropical; modified by southeast trade winds	subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
Coastline	64 km	41 km
Constitution	19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)	Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Niue former: Savage Island	conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
Currency	New Zealand dollar (NZD)	-
Death rate	NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)	4.23 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	$418,000 (2002 est.)	$2.7 billion (2003)
Dependency status	self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue	special administrative region of China
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)	the US has no offices in Macau; US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)	none (special administrative region of China)
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	$2.6 million from New Zealand (2002)	NA
Economy - overview	The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although Premier LAKATANI announced in February 2002 that Niue will shut down the offshore banking industry. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 was about $2.6 million.	Macau's well-to-do economy has remained one of the most open in the world since its reversion to China in 1999. Apparel exports and tourism are mainstays of the economy. Although the territory was hit hard by the 1998 Asian financial crisis and the global downturn in 2001, its economy grew 9.5% in 2002 and 15.6% in 2003. During the first three quarters of 2004, Macau registered year-on-year GDP increases of more than 20 percent. A rapid rise in the number of mainland visitors because of China's easing of restrictions on travel, increased public works expenditures, and significant investment inflows associated with the liberalization of Macau's gaming industry drove the recovery. The budget also returned to surplus in 2002 because of the surge in visitors from China and a hike in taxes on gambling profits, which generated about 70% of government revenue. The three companies awarded gambling licenses have pledged to invest $2.2 billion in the territory, which will boost GDP growth. Much of Macau's textile industry may move to the mainland as the Multi-Fiber Agreement is phased out. The territory may have to rely more on gambling and trade-related services to generate growth. Two new casinos were opened by new foreign gambling licensees in 2004; development of new infrastructure and facilities in preparation for Macau's hosting of the 2005 East Asian Games will bolster the construction sector. The Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between Macau and mainland China that came into effect on 1 January 2004 offers many Macau-made products tariff-free access to the mainland, and the range of products covered by CEPA was to be expanded on 1 January 2005.
Electricity - consumption	2.79 million kWh (2001)	1.772 billion kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	1 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	179.7 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - production	3 million kWh (2001)	1.719 billion kWh (2003)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m
Environment - current issues	increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea	-
Ethnic groups	Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans)	Chinese 95.7%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry) 1%, other 3.3% (2001 census)
Exchange rates	New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.162 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998)	patacas per US dollar - 8.022 (2004), 8.021 (2003), 8.033 (2002), 8.034 (2001), 8.026 (2000)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000) head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002) cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2005) election results: Young VIVIAN elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 70%, Hunukitama HUNUKI (AI) 30%	chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003) head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of one government secretary, four legislators, four businessmen, and one pro-Beijing unionist elections: chief executive chosen by a 300-member Election Committee for up to two five-year terms election results: Edmund HO Hau-wah reelected on 29 August 2004; received 296 votes in Election Committee out of 300 possible; 3 members submitted blank ballots; 1 member was absent
Exports	NA (2001)	NA
Exports - commodities	canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts	clothing, textiles, footwear, toys, electronics, machinery and parts
Exports - partners	NZ mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia (2000)	US 48.7%, China 13.9%, Germany 8.3%, Hong Kong 7.6%, UK 4.4% (2004)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	calendar year
Flag description	yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross	light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller
GDP	purchasing power parity - $7.6 million (2000 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: 55%	agriculture: 0.1% industry: 7.2% services: 92.7% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.)	purchasing power parity - $19,400 (2003)
GDP - real growth rate	-0.3% (2000 est.)	15.6% (2003)
Geographic coordinates	19 02 S, 169 52 W	22 10 N, 113 33 E
Geography - note	one of world's largest coral islands	essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland
Highways	total: 234 km paved: 86 km unpaved: 148 km (2001)	total: 341 km paved: 341 km unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Imports	NA (2001)	NA
Imports - commodities	food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs	raw materials and semi-manufactured goods, consumer goods (foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco), capital goods, mineral fuels and oils
Imports - partners	NZ mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000)	China 44.4%, Hong Kong 10.6%, Japan 9.6%, Taiwan 4.9%, Singapore 4.1%, US 4.1% (2004)
Independence	on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand	none (special administrative region of China)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA
Industries	tourism, handicrafts, food processing	tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys
Infant mortality rate	total: NA% male: NA% female: NA%	total: 4.39 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1% (1995)	2% (3rd quarter, 2004)
International organization participation	ACP, ESCAP (associate), FAO, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO, WMO	IMF, IMO (associate), Interpol (sub-bureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WToO (associate), WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue	Court of Final Appeal in Macau Special Administrative Region
Labor force	NA	231,500 (3rd Quarter, 2004)
Labor force - by occupation	most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board	manufacturing 18.3%, construction 8%, transport and communications 7%, wholesale and retail trade 16.2%, restaurants and hotels 10.9%, gambling 11.6%, public sector 8.8%, other services and agriculture 19.2% (2003 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 0.34 km regional border: China 0.34 km
Land use	arable land: 19.23% permanent crops: 7.69% other: 73.08% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (2001)
Languages	Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English	Cantonese 87.9%, Hokkien 4.4%, Mandarin 1.6%, other Chinese dialects 3.1%, other 3% (2001 census)
Legal system	English common law note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws	based on Portuguese civil law system
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives) elections: last held 21 March 2002 (next to be held in March 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11; note - all 20 seats were reelected	unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (29 seats; 12 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and seven appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 26 September 2005 (next in September 2009) election results: percent of vote - Development Union 12.8%, Macau Development Alliance 9%, Macau United Citizens' Association 16%, New Democratic Macau Association 18.2%, others na; seats by political group - Development Union 2, Macau Development Alliance 1, Macau United Citizens' Association 2, New Democratic Macau Association 2, New Hope 1, Union Forces 2, others 2; 10 seats filled by professional and business groups; seven members appointed by chief executive
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years (2003 est.)	total population: 82.12 years male: 79.29 years female: 85.09 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	definition: NA total population: 95% male: NA% female: NA%	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 94.5% male: 97.2% female: 92% (2003 est.)
Location	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga	Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Map references	Oceania	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	not specified
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)	-
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of New Zealand	-
Military branches	no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force	China's People's Revolutionary Army (PLA) constitutes the only armed force in Macau; several police forces constitute the Security Forces of Macau (SFM) that are subordinate to the General Secretariat of Security, a body comparable to a ministry of interior (2004)
National holiday	Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)	National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
Nationality	noun: Niuean(s) adjective: Niuean	noun: Chinese adjective: Chinese
Natural hazards	typhoons	typhoons
Natural resources	fish, arable land	NEGL
Net migration rate	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)	4.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of Independents or AI [leader NA]	Civil Service Union [Jose Maria Pereira COUTINHO]; Development Union [KWAN Tsui-hang]; Macau Development Alliance [Angela LEONG On-kei]; Macau United Citizens' Association [CHAN Meng-kam]; New Democratic Macau Association [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]; United Forces [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	2,145 (July 2003 est.)	449,198 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA
Population growth rate	0.01% (2003 est.)	0.87% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only	Macau
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways	0 km	-
Religions	Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist)	Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)
Sex ratio	NA (2003 est.)	at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies
Telephone system	domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island international: NA	general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: NA international: country code - 853; HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	376 (1991)	174,600 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular	0 (1991)	364,000 (2003)
Television broadcast stations	1 (1997)	1 (2003)
Terrain	steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau	generally flat
Total fertility rate	NA children born/woman (2003 est.)	0.93 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA%	4.7% (3rd Quarter, 2004)
Waterways	none	-

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