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Compare Niger (2007) - Senegal (2006)

Compare Niger (2007) z Senegal (2006)

 Niger (2007)Senegal (2006)
 NigerSenegal
Administrative divisions 8 regions (regions, singular - region) includes 1 capital district* (communite urbaine); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey*, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder 11 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaolack, Kolda, Louga, Matam, Saint-Louis, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor
Age structure 0-14 years: 46.9% (male 3,083,871/female 2,969,201)


15-64 years: 50.6% (male 3,354,783/female 3,174,039)


65 years and over: 2.4% (male 155,430/female 157,541) (2007 est.)
0-14 years: 40.8% (male 2,467,021/female 2,422,385)


15-64 years: 56.1% (male 3,346,756/female 3,378,518)


65 years and over: 3.1% (male 174,399/female 198,042) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products cowpeas, cotton, peanuts, millet, sorghum, cassava (tapioca), rice; cattle, sheep, goats, camels, donkeys, horses, poultry peanuts, millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; cattle, poultry, pigs; fish
Airports 28 (2007) 20 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total: 9


2,438 to 3,047 m: 3


1,524 to 2,437 m: 5


under 914 m: 1 (2007)
total: 9


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 6


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 19


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 14


under 914 m: 3 (2007)
total: 11


1,524 to 2,437 m: 6


914 to 1,523 m: 4


under 914 m: 1 (2006)
Area total: 1.267 million sq km


land: 1,266,700 sq km


water: 300 sq km
total: 196,190 sq km


land: 192,000 sq km


water: 4,190 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of Texas slightly smaller than South Dakota
Background Niger became independent from France in 1960 and experienced single-party and military rule until 1991, when Gen. Ali SAIBOU was forced by public pressure to allow multiparty elections, which resulted in a democratic government in 1993. Political infighting brought the government to a standstill and in 1996 led to a coup by Col. Ibrahim BARE. In 1999 BARE was killed in a coup by military officers who promptly restored democratic rule and held elections that brought Mamadou TANDJA to power in December of that year. TANDJA was reelected in 2004. Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world with minimal government services and insufficient funds to develop its resource base. The largely agrarian and subsistence-based economy is frequently disrupted by extended droughts common to the Sahel region of Africa. Independent from France in 1960, Senegal was ruled by the Socialist Party for forty years until current President Abdoulaye WADE was elected in 2000. Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia in 1982, but the envisaged integration of the two countries was never carried out, and the union was dissolved in 1989. A southern separatist group sporadically has clashed with government forces since 1982, but Senegal remains one of the most stable democracies in Africa. Senegal has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping.
Birth rate 50.16 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 32.78 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget revenues: $320 million (includes $134 million from foreign sources)


expenditures: $320 million (2002 est.)
revenues: $1.657 billion


expenditures: $1.926 billion; including capital expenditures of $357 million (2005 est.)
Capital name: Niamey


geographic coordinates: 13 31 N, 2 07 E


time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
name: Dakar


geographic coordinates: 14 40 N, 17 26 W


time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 531 km
Constitution new constitution adopted 18 July 1999 new constitution adopted 7 January 2001
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Niger


conventional short form: Niger


local long form: Republique du Niger


local short form: Niger
conventional long form: Republic of Senegal


conventional short form: Senegal


local long form: Republique du Senegal


local short form: Senegal


former: Senegambia (along with The Gambia); Mali Federation
Death rate 20.59 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 9.42 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external $2.1 billion (2003 est.) $3.529 billion (2005 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Bernadette M. ALLEN


embassy: Rue Des Ambassades, Niamey


mailing address: B. P. 11201, Niamey


telephone: [227] 20-73-31-69


FAX: [227] 20-73-55-60
chief of mission: Ambassador Janice L. JACOBS


embassy: Avenue Jean XXIII at the corner of Rue Kleber, Dakar


mailing address: B. P. 49, Dakar


telephone: [221] 823-4296


FAX: [221] 822-2991
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Aminata Djibrilla Maiga TOURE


chancery: 2204 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 483-4224 through 4227


FAX: [1] (202)483-3169
chief of mission: Ambassador Amadou Lamine BA


chancery: 2112 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 234-0540


FAX: [1] (202) 332-6315


consulate(s) general: Houston, New York
Disputes - international Libya claims about 25,000 sq km in a currently dormant dispute in the Tommo region; much of Benin-Niger boundary, including tripoint with Nigeria, remains undemarcated; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries The Gambia and Guinea-Bissau attempt to stem Senegalese citizens from the Casamance region fleeing separatist violence, cross border raids, and arms smuggling
Economic aid - recipient $515.4 million (2005) $449.6 million (2003 est.)
Economy - overview Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world, ranking last on the United Nations Development Fund index of human development. It is a landlocked, Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence crops, livestock, and some of the world's largest uranium deposits. Drought cycles, desertification, and a 2.9% population growth rate, have undercut the economy. Niger shares a common currency, the CFA franc, and a common central bank, the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO), with seven other members of the West African Monetary Union. In December 2000, Niger qualified for enhanced debt relief under the International Monetary Fund program for Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and concluded an agreement with the Fund on a Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF). Debt relief provided under the enhanced HIPC initiative significantly reduces Niger's annual debt service obligations, freeing funds for expenditures on basic health care, primary education, HIV/AIDS prevention, rural infrastructure, and other programs geared at poverty reduction. In December 2005, Niger received 100% multilateral debt relief from the IMF, which translates into the forgiveness of approximately US $86 million in debts to the IMF, excluding the remaining assistance under HIPC. Nearly half of the government's budget is derived from foreign donor resources. Future growth may be sustained by exploitation of oil, gold, coal, and other mineral resources. Uranium prices have increased sharply in the last few years. A drought and locust infestation in 2005 led to food shortages for as many as 2.5 million Nigeriens. In January 1994, Senegal undertook a bold and ambitious economic reform program with the support of the international donor community. This reform began with a 50% devaluation of Senegal's currency, the CFA franc, which was linked at a fixed rate to the French franc. Government price controls and subsidies have been steadily dismantled. After seeing its economy contract by 2.1% in 1993, Senegal made an important turnaround, thanks to the reform program, with real growth in GDP averaging over 5% annually during 1995-2004. Annual inflation had been pushed down to the low single digits. As a member of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), Senegal is working toward greater regional integration with a unified external tariff and a more stable monetary policy. However, Senegal still relies heavily upon outside donor assistance. Under the IMF's Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt relief program, Senegal will benefit from eradication of two-thirds of its bilateral, multilateral, and private-sector debt.
Electricity - consumption 437.7 million kWh (2005) 1.239 billion kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2005) 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports 220 million kWh (2005) 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - production 234.1 million kWh (2005) 1.332 billion kWh (2003)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Niger River 200 m


highest point: Mont Bagzane 2,022 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed feature near Nepen Diakha 581 m
Environment - current issues overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; overfishing
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
Ethnic groups Haoussa 55.4%, Djerma Sonrai 21%, Touareg 9.3%, Peuhl 8.5%, Kanouri Manga 4.7%, other 1.2% (2001 census) Wolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka 3%, Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%
Exchange rates Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 522.59 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002) Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001)
Executive branch chief of state: President Mamadou TANDJA (since 22 December 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Mamadou TANDJA (since 22 December 1999); Prime Minister Seyni OUMAROU (since 3 June 2007) was appointed by the president and shares some executive responsibilities with the president


cabinet: 26-member Cabinet appointed by the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); second round of election last held 4 December 2004 (next to be held December 2009)


election results: Mamadou TANDJA reelected president; percent of vote - Mamadou TANDJA 65.5%, Mahamadou ISSOUFOU 34.5%
chief of state: President Abdoulaye WADE (since 1 April 2000)


head of government: Prime Minister Macky SALL (since 21 April 2004)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term) under new constitution; election last held under prior constitution (seven-year terms) 27 February and 19 March 2000 (next to be held 27 February 2007); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Abdoulaye WADE elected president; percent of vote in the second round of voting - Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 58.49%, Abdou DIOUF (PS) 41.51%
Exports NA bbl/day NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities uranium ore, livestock, cowpeas, onions fish, groundnuts (peanuts), petroleum products, phosphates, cotton
Exports - partners France 34.8%, US 26.6%, Nigeria 18.3%, Russia 11.3% (2006) Mali 16.9%, India 13.1%, France 9.5%, Spain 6.1%, Italy 5.5%, Gambia, The 4.6% (2005)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a small orange disk (representing the sun) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of India, which has a blue spoked wheel centered in the white band three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 39%


industry: 17%


services: 44% (2001)
agriculture: 17.2%


industry: 20.9%


services: 61.9% (2005 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 3.5% (2006 est.) 6.1% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates 16 00 N, 8 00 E 14 00 N, 14 00 W
Geography - note landlocked; one of the hottest countries in the world; northern four-fifths is desert, southern one-fifth is savanna, suitable for livestock and limited agriculture westernmost country on the African continent; The Gambia is almost an enclave within Senegal
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 0.8%


highest 10%: 35.4% (1995)
lowest 10%: 2.6%


highest 10%: 33.5% (1995)
Illicit drugs - transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and South American cocaine moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of cannabis
Imports NA bbl/day NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, machinery, vehicles and parts, petroleum, cereals food and beverages, capital goods, fuels
Imports - partners US 14%, France 12%, China 7.8%, Nigeria 7.7%, French Polynesia 7.6%, Cote d'Ivoire 4.9% (2006) France 22.8%, Nigeria 11.4%, Brazil 4.5%, Thailand 4.3%, US 4.2%, UK 4% (2005)
Independence 3 August 1960 (from France) 4 April 1960 (from France); note - complete independence was achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960
Industrial production growth rate 5.1% (2003 est.) 3.1% (2005 est.)
Industries uranium mining, cement, brick, soap, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, construction materials, ship construction and repair
Infant mortality rate total: 116.83 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 120.78 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 112.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
total: 52.94 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 56.49 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 49.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 0.2% (2004 est.) 1.7% (2005 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OIF, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OIF, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMOVIC, UNOCI, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land 730 sq km (2003) 1,200 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals
Labor force 70,000 salaried workers, 60% of whom are employed in the public sector (2002 est.) 4.82 million (2005 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 90%


industry: 6%


services: 4% (1995)
agriculture: 77%


industry and services: 23% (1990 est.)
Land boundaries total: 5,697 km


border countries: Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km
total: 2,640 km


border countries: The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km
Land use arable land: 11.43%


permanent crops: 0.01%


other: 88.56% (2005)
arable land: 12.51%


permanent crops: 0.24%


other: 87.25% (2005)
Languages French (official), Hausa, Djerma French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka
Legal system based on French civil law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on French civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court; the Council of State audits the government's accounting office; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly (113 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 4 December 2004 (next to be held in December 2009)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MNSD 47, PNDS 25, CDS 22, RSD 7, RDP 6, ANDP 5, PSDN 1
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (120 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms)


note: the former National Assembly, dissolved in the spring of 2001, had 140 seats


elections: last held 29 April 2001 (next to be held 27 February 2007) note - the National Assembly in December 2005 voted to postpone legislative elections originally scheduled for 2006, they will now coincide with presidential elections in 2007


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SOPI Coalition 89, AFP 11, PS 10, other 10
Life expectancy at birth total population: 44.03 years


male: 44.05 years


female: 44 years (2007 est.)
total population: 59.25 years


male: 57.7 years


female: 60.85 years (2006 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 28.7%


male: 42.9%


female: 15.1% (2005 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 40.2%


male: 50%


female: 30.7% (2003 est.)
Location Western Africa, southeast of Algeria Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Military branches Nigerien Armed Forces (Forces Armees Nigeriennes, FAN): Army, Niger Air Force (2007) Army, Senegalese Navy (Marine Senegalaise), Senegalese Air Force (Armee de l'Air du Senegal) (2006)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $117.3 million (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.3% (2006) 1.4% (2005 est.)
National holiday Republic Day, 18 December (1958) Independence Day, 4 April (1960)
Nationality noun: Nigerien(s)


adjective: Nigerien
noun: Senegalese (singular and plural)


adjective: Senegalese
Natural hazards recurring droughts lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts
Natural resources uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, molybdenum, gypsum, salt, petroleum fish, phosphates, iron ore
Net migration rate -0.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Pipelines - gas 43 km (2006)
Political parties and leaders Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama [Mahamane OUSMANE]; National Movement for a Developing Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Hama AMADOU]; Niger Social Democratic Party or PSDN; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Social Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDP-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni DJERMAKOYE]; Nigerien Party for Autonomy or PNA-Alouma'a [Sanousi JACKOU]; Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism or PNDS-Tarrayya [Issifou MAHAMADOU]; Nigerien Progressive Party or PPN-RDA [Abdoulaye DIORI]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP-jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]; Social and Democratic Rally or RSD-Gaskiyya [Cheiffou AMADOU] African Party for Democracy and Socialism or And Jef (also known as PADS/AJ) [Landing SAVANE, secretary general]; African Party of Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; Democratic and Patriotic Convention or CDP (also known as Garab-Gi) [Dr. Iba Der THIAM]; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front for Socialism and Democracy or FSD [Cheikh Abdoulaye DIEYE]; Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]; Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; National Democratic Rally or RND [Madier DIOUF]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]; Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]; SOPI Coalition [Abdoulaye WADE] (a coalition led by the PDS); Union for Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]; other small parties
Political pressure groups and leaders Coalition Against a High Cost of Living [Nouhou ARZIKA] labor; Muslim brotherhoods; students; teachers
Population 12,894,865 (July 2007 est.) 11,987,121 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line 63% (1993 est.) 54% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate 2.898% (2007 est.) 2.34% (2006 est.)
Radio broadcast stations AM 5, FM 6, shortwave 4 (2001) AM 8, FM 20, shortwave 1 (2001)
Railways - total: 906 km


narrow gauge: 906 km 1.000 meter gauge (2005)
Religions Muslim 80%, other (includes indigenous beliefs and Christian) 20% Muslim 94%, Christian 5% (mostly Roman Catholic), indigenous beliefs 1%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.039 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.057 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.987 male(s)/female


total population: 1.047 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female


total population: 1 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: small system of wire, radio telephone communications, and microwave radio relay links concentrated in the southwestern area of Niger


domestic: wire, radiotelephone communications, and microwave radio relay; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations and 1 planned


international: country code - 227; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)
general assessment: good system


domestic: above-average urban system; microwave radio relay, coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable in trunk system


international: country code - 221; 4 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 24,000 (2005) 266,600 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular 323,900 (2005) 1.73 million (2005)
Television broadcast stations 3 (plus 7 repeaters) (2002) 1 (1997)
Terrain predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast
Total fertility rate 7.37 children born/woman (2007 est.) 4.38 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 48%; note - urban youth 40% (2001 est.)
Waterways 300 km (the Niger, the only major river, is navigable to Gaya between September and March) (2005) 1,000 km (primarily on Senegal, Saloum, and Casamance rivers) (2005)
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