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 Nauru (2008)Nauru (2001)
 NauruNauru
Age structure 0-14 years: 36.4% (male 2,508/female 2,410)


15-64 years: 61.6% (male 4,111/female 4,224)


65 years and over: 2% (male 144/female 131) (2007 est.)
0-14 years:
40.33% (male 2,510; female 2,365)

15-64 years:
57.97% (male 3,475; female 3,533)

65 years and over:
1.7% (male 103; female 102) (2001 est.)
Airports 1 (2007) 1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
total:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Area total: 21 sq km


land: 21 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
21 sq km

land:
21 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Background The exact origins of the Nauruans are unclear, since their language does not resemble any other in the Pacific. The island was annexed by Germany in 1888 and its phosphate deposits began to be mined early in the 20th century by a German-British consortium. Nauru was occupied by Australian forces in World War I and subsequently became a League of Nations mandate. After the Second World War - and a brutal occupation by Japan - Nauru became a UN trust territory. It achieved its independence in 1968 and joined the UN in 1999 as the world's smallest independent republic. Nauru's phosphate deposits began to be mined early in the 20th century by a German-British consortium; the island was occupied by Australian forces in World War I. Upon achieving independence in 1968, Nauru became the smallest independent republic in the world; it joined the UN in 1999.
Birth rate 24.47 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 27.22 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $13.5 million


expenditures: $13.5 million (2005)
revenues:
$23.4 million

expenditures:
$64.8 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY95/96)
Capital no official capital; government offices in Yaren District


time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
no official capital; government offices in Yaren District
Climate tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February) tropical; monsoonal; rainy season (November to February)
Constitution 29 January 1968; amended 17 May 1968 (Constitution Day) 29 January 1968
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Nauru


conventional short form: Nauru


local long form: Republic of Nauru


local short form: Nauru


former: Pleasant Island
conventional long form:
Republic of Nauru

conventional short form:
Nauru

former:
Pleasant Island
Currency - Australian dollar (AUD)
Death rate 6.65 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 7.2 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $33.3 million (2002) $33.3 million
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Vinci Niel CLODUMAR


chancery: 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, NY 10017


telephone: [1] (212) 937-0074


FAX: [1] (212) 937-0079


consulate(s): Agana (Guam)
Nauru does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a UN office at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, New York 10017; telephone: (212) 937-0074

consulate(s):
Hagatna (Guam)
Economic aid - recipient $20 million mostly from Australia (2005) $2.25 million from Australia (FY96/97 est.)
Economy - overview Revenues of this tiny island have traditionally come from exports of phosphates, now significantly depleted. An Australian company in 2005 entered into an agreement intended to exploit remaining supplies. Few other resources exist with most necessities being imported, mainly from Australia, its former occupier and later major source of support. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income were invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. As a result of heavy spending from the trust funds, the government faces virtual bankruptcy. To cut costs the government has frozen wages and reduced overstaffed public service departments. In 2005, the deterioration in housing, hospitals, and other capital plant continued, and the cost to Australia of keeping the government and economy afloat continued to climb. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist, with estimates of Nauru's GDP varying widely. Revenues of this tiny island have come from exports of phosphates, but reserves are expected to be exhausted within five to ten years. Phosphate production has declined since 1989, as demand has fallen in traditional markets and as the marginal cost of extracting the remaining phosphate increases, making it less internationally competitive. While phosphates have given Nauruans one of the highest per capita incomes in the Third World, few other resources exist with most necessities being imported, including fresh water from Australia. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income have been invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. The government has been borrowing heavily from the trusts to finance fiscal deficits. To cut costs the government has called for a freezing of wages, a reduction of over-staffed public service departments, privatization of numerous government agencies, and closure of some overseas consulates. In recent years Nauru has encouraged the registration of offshore banks and corporations. Tens of billions of dollars have been channeled through their accounts. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist, with estimates of Nauru's per capita GDP varying widely.
Electricity - consumption 27.9 million kWh (2005) 27.9 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2005) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2005) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 30 million kWh (2005) 30 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location along plateau rim 61 m
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location along plateau rim 61 m
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Exchange rates Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.2137 (2007), 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003) Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.7995 (January 2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997), 1.2773 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Marcus STEPHEN (since 19 December 2007); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Marcus STEPHEN (since 19 December 2007); note - President Ludwig SCOTTY defeated in a no confidence vote in parliament on 19 December 2007


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of Parliament


elections: president elected by Parliament for a three-year term; election last held 19 December 2007 (next to be held in 2010)


election results: NA
chief of state:
President Bernard DOWIYOGO (since 19 April 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Bernard DOWIYOGO (since 19 April 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of Parliament

elections:
president elected by Parliament for a three-year term; election last held 8 April 2000 (next to be held NA 2003)

election results:
Bernard DOWIYOGO elected president by a vote in Parliament of nine to eight

note:
former President Rene HARRIS was deposed in a no-confidence vote; this is the eighth change of government in Nauru since the fall of the Lagumont HARRIS government in a no-confidence motion in early November 1996; six of the last eight governments have resulted because of parliamentary no-confidence motions
Exports 0 bbl/day (2004) $25.3 million (f.o.b., 1991)
Exports - partners South Africa 63.7%, South Korea 7.6%, Canada 6.6% (2006) Australia, NZ
GDP - purchasing power parity - $59 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $5,000 (2000 est.)
Highways - total:
30 km

paved:
24 km

unpaved:
6 km (1998 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports 1,023 bbl/day (2004) $21.1 million (c.i.f., 1991)
Imports - partners South Korea 43.8%, Australia 36.2%, US 5.9%, Germany 4.3% (2006) Australia, UK, NZ, Japan
Industries phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products phosphate mining, financial services, coconut products
Infant mortality rate total: 9.6 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 12.07 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 7.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
10.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
International organization participation ACP, ADB, C, FAO, ICAO, ICCt, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, ICAO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land NA NA sq km
Labor force - by occupation note: employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation (1992) employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2005)
arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100% (1993 est.)
Languages Nauruan (official; a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes
Legal system acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 25 August 2007 (next to be held in 2010)


election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 18; note - 15 of 18 incumbents reelected
unicameral Parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms)

elections:
last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held NA April 2003)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 18
Life expectancy at birth total population: 63.44 years


male: 59.85 years


female: 67.21 years (2007 est.)
total population:
61.2 years

male:
57.7 years

female:
64.88 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: NA


total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA
definition:
NA

total population:
NA%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - none (2000 est.)
Military branches no regular military forces; Nauru Police Force (2008) no regular armed forces; Directorate of the Nauru Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA NA%
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
3,018 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
1,661 (2001 est.)
Nationality noun: Nauruan(s)


adjective: Nauruan
noun:
Nauruan(s)

adjective:
Nauruan
Natural resources phosphates, fish phosphates
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal); Nauru First (Naoero Amo) Party; note - loose multiparty system loose multiparty system; Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal) [Bernard DOWIYOGO]
Population 13,528 (July 2007 est.) 12,088 (July 2001 est.)
Population growth rate 1.781% (2007 est.) 2% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - Nauru
Radios - 7,000 (1997)
Railways - total:
5 km; note - used to haul phosphates from the center of the island to processing facilities on the southwest coast
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.041 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.973 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.099 male(s)/female


total population: 1 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.01 male(s)/female

total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Telephone system general assessment: adequate local and international radiotelephone communication provided via Australian facilities


domestic: NA


international: country code - 674; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
general assessment:
adequate local and international radiotelephone communications provided via Australian facilities

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 1,900 (2002) 2,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular 1,500 (2002) 450 (1994)
Total fertility rate 3.02 children born/woman (2007 est.) 3.61 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 90% (2004 est.) 0%
Waterways - none
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