Compare Namibia (2005) - Brunei (2002)

Compare Namibia (2005) z Brunei (2002)

	Namibia (2005)	Brunei (2002)

Administrative divisions	13 regions; Caprivi, Erongo, Hardap, Karas, Khomas, Kunene, Ohangwena, Okavango, Omaheke, Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto, Otjozondjupa	4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong
Age structure	0-14 years: 38.7% (male 396,247/female 389,543) 15-64 years: 57.7% (male 586,900/female 584,779) 65 years and over: 3.6% (male 33,524/female 39,699) (2005 est.)	0-14 years: 30.2% (male 54,038; female 51,833) 15-64 years: 67% (male 125,051; female 110,257) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 4,609; female 5,110) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	millet, sorghum, peanuts; livestock; fish	rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo
Airports	136 (2004 est.)	2 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 21 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 13 914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2004 est.)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 115 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 22 914 to 1,523 m: 71 under 914 m: 20 (2004 est.)	total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 825,418 sq km land: 825,418 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 5,770 sq km land: 5,270 sq km water: 500 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly more than half the size of Alaska	slightly smaller than Delaware
Background	South Africa occupied the German colony of South-West Africa during World War I and administered it as a mandate until after World War II, when it annexed the territory. In 1966 the Marxist South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) guerrilla group launched a war of independence for the area that was soon named Namibia, but it was not until 1988 that South Africa agreed to end its administration in accordance with a UN peace plan for the entire region. Namibia won its independence in 1990 and has been governed by SWAPO since. Hifikepunye POHAMBA was elected president in November 2004 in a landslide victory replacing Sam NUJOMA who led the country during its first 14 years of self rule.	The Sultanate of Brunei's heyday occurred between the 15th and 17th centuries, when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the less developed countries. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries.
Birth rate	25.16 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)	20.06 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $1.788 billion expenditures: $1.956 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)	revenues: $2.5 billion expenditures: $2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (1997 est.)
Capital	Windhoek	Bandar Seri Begawan
Climate	desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic	tropical; hot, humid, rainy
Coastline	1,572 km	161 km
Constitution	ratified 9 February 1990, effective 12 March 1990	29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Namibia conventional short form: Namibia former: German Southwest Africa, South-West Africa	conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam conventional short form: Brunei
Currency	-	Bruneian dollar (BND)
Death rate	18.36 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)	3.38 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$1.136 billion (2004 est.)	$0
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Joyce BARR embassy: Ausplan Building, 14 Lossen Street, Windhoek mailing address: Private Bag 12029 Ausspannplatz, Windhoek telephone: [264] (61) 221601 FAX: [264] (61) 229792	chief of mission: Ambassador Gene B. CHRISTY embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507 telephone: [673] (2) 229670 FAX: [673] (2) 225293
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Leonard Nangolo IIPUMBU chancery: 1605 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 986-0540 FAX: [1] (202) 986-0443	chief of mission: Ambassador PUTEH ibni Mohammad Alam chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838 FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560
Disputes - international	border commission has yet to resolve small residual disputes with Botswana along the Caprivi Strip, including the Situngu marshlands along the Linyanti River; Botswana residents protest Namibia's planned construction of the Okavango hydroelectric dam on Popa Falls; managed dispute with South Africa over the location of the boundary in the Orange River; Namibia has supported and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited Botswana-Zambia, boundary in the river	Brunei established an exclusive economic fishing zone encompassing Louisa Reef in southern Spratly Islands in 1984, but makes no public territorial claim to the offshore reefs
Economic aid - recipient	ODA $160 million (2000 est.)	$4.3 million (1995) (1995)
Economy - overview	The economy is heavily dependent on the extraction and processing of minerals for export. Mining accounts for 20% of GDP. Rich alluvial diamond deposits make Namibia a primary source for gem-quality diamonds. Namibia is the fourth-largest exporter of nonfuel minerals in Africa, the world's fifth-largest producer of uranium, and the producer of large quantities of lead, zinc, tin, silver, and tungsten. The mining sector employs only about 3% of the population while about half of the population depends on subsistence agriculture for its livelihood. Namibia normally imports about 50% of its cereal requirements; in drought years food shortages are a major problem in rural areas. A high per capita GDP, relative to the region, hides the great inequality of income distribution; nearly one-third of Namibians had annual incomes of less than $1,400 in constant 1994 dollars, according to a 1993 study. The Namibian economy is closely linked to South Africa with the Namibian dollar pegged to the South African rand. Privatization of several enterprises in coming years may stimulate long-run foreign investment. Mining of zinc, copper, and silver and increased fish production led growth in 2003-04.	This small, wealthy economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base beyond oil and gas.
Electricity - consumption	1.92 billion kWh (2002)	2.065 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	65 million kWh (2002)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	900 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa (2002)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	1.167 billion kWh (2002)	2.22 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Konigstein 2,606 m	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m
Environment - current issues	very limited natural fresh water resources; desertification; wildlife poaching; land degradation has led to few conservation areas	seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia
Environment - international agreements	party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	black 87.5%, white 6%, mixed 6.5% note: about 50% of the population belong to the Ovambo tribe and 9% to the Kavangos tribe; other ethnic groups are: Herero 7%, Damara 7%, Nama 5%, Caprivian 4%, Bushmen 3%, Baster 2%, Tswana 0.5%	Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12%
Exchange rates	Namibian dollars per US dollar - 6.4597 (2004), 7.5648 (2003), 10.5407 (2002), 8.6092 (2001), 6.9398 (2000)	Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.8388 (January 2002), 1.8917 (2001), 1.7240 (2000), 1.6950 (1999), 1.6736 (1998), 1.4848 (1997); note - the Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar
Executive branch	chief of state: President Hifikepunye POHAMBA (since 15 November 2004) head of government: Prime Minister Nahas ANGULA (since 21 March 2005) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 15 November 2004 (next to be held November 2009) election results: Hifikepunye POHAMBA elected president; percent of vote - NA%	chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises elections: none; the monarch is hereditary
Exports	NA	$3 billion f.o.b. (2000 est.)
Exports - commodities	diamonds, copper, gold, zinc, lead, uranium; cattle, processed fish, karakul skins	crude oil, natural gas, refined products
Exports - partners	EU 79%, US 4% (2001)	Japan 42%, US 17%, South Korea 14%, Thailand 3% (1999)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	calendar year
Flag description	a large blue triangle with a yellow sunburst fills the upper left section and an equal green triangle (solid) fills the lower right section; the triangles are separated by a red stripe that is contrasted by two narrow white-edge borders	yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $6.2 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 11.3% industry: 30.8% services: 57.9% (2004 est.)	agriculture: 5% industry: 45% services: 50% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $7,300 (2004 est.)	purchasing power parity - $18,000 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4.8% (2004 est.)	3% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	22 00 S, 17 00 E	4 30 N, 114 40 E
Geography - note	first country in the world to incorporate the protection of the environment into its constitution; some 14% of the land is protected, including virtually the entire Namib Desert coastal strip	close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia
Heliports	-	3 (2002)
Highways	total: 42,237 km paved: 5,406 km unpaved: 36,831 km (2002)	total: 1,712 km paved: 1,284 km unpaved: 428 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	-	drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty
Imports	NA	$1.4 billion c.i.f. (2000 est.)
Imports - commodities	foodstuffs; petroleum products and fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals	machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals
Imports - partners	US 50%, EU 31% (2001)	Singapore 34%, UK 15%, Malaysia 15%, US 5% (1999)
Independence	21 March 1990 (from South African mandate)	1 January 1984 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	NA	4% (1997 est.)
Industries	meatpacking, fish processing, dairy products; mining (diamond, lead, zinc, tin, silver, tungsten, uranium, copper)	petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction
Infant mortality rate	total: 48.98 deaths/1,000 live births male: 53 deaths/1,000 live births female: 44.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)	13.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	4.2% (2004 est.)	1% (1999 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, ONUB, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO	APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, CCC, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	70 sq km (1998 est.)	10 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission)	Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms)
Labor force	840,000 (2004 est.)	143,400 (1999 est.); note - includes foreign workers and military personnel note: temporary residents make up 41% of labor force (1991) (1999 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 47%, industry 20%, services 33% (1999 est.)	government 48%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 3,936 km border countries: Angola 1,376 km, Botswana 1,360 km, South Africa 967 km, Zambia 233 km	total: 381 km border countries: Malaysia 381 km
Land use	arable land: 0.99% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.01% (2001)	arable land: 0.57% permanent crops: 0.76% other: 98.67% (1998 est.)
Languages	English 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama	Malay (official), English, Chinese
Legal system	based on Roman-Dutch law and 1990 constitution	based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas
Legislative branch	bicameral legislature consists of the National Council (26 seats; two members are chosen from each regional council to serve six-year terms) and the National Assembly (72 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: National Council - elections for regional councils, to determine members of the National Council, held 15-16 November 2004 (next to be held November 2009); National Assembly - last held 15-16 November 2004 (next to be held November 2009) election results: National Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - SWAPO 55, COD 5, DTA 4, UDF 3, MAG 1, other 4 note: the National Council is primarily an advisory body	unicameral Legislative Council or Majlis Masyuarat Megeri (a privy council that serves only in a consultative capacity; NA seats; members appointed by the monarch) elections: last held in March 1962 note: in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the monarch; an elected Legislative Council is being considered as part of constitutional reform, but elections are unlikely for several years
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 43.93 years male: 44.71 years female: 43.13 years (2005 est.)	total population: 74.06 years male: 71.68 years female: 76.56 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 84% male: 84.4% female: 83.7% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88.2% male: 92.6% female: 83.4% (1995 est.)
Location	Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and South Africa	Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia
Map references	Africa	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM or to median line territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) 2,265 GRT/3,605 DWT by type: cargo 1 (2005)	total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 348,476 GRT/340,635 DWT ships by type: liquefied gas 7 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: United Kingdom 7 (2002 est.)
Military branches	Namibian Defense Force: Army (includes Air Wing), Navy, Police	Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$168.4 million (2004)	$343 million (FY98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	3.1% (2004)	5.1% (FY98)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 108,921 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 62,864 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age	-	18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 3,005 (2002 est.)
National holiday	Independence Day, 21 March (1990)	National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection
Nationality	noun: Namibian(s) adjective: Namibian	noun: Bruneian(s) adjective: Bruneian
Natural hazards	prolonged periods of drought	typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are very rare
Natural resources	diamonds, copper, uranium, gold, lead, tin, lithium, cadmium, zinc, salt, hydropower, fish note: suspected deposits of oil, coal, and iron ore	petroleum, natural gas, timber
Net migration rate	0.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)	3.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines	-	crude oil 135 km; petroleum products 418 km; natural gas 920 km
Political parties and leaders	Congress of Democrats or COD [Ben ULENGA]; Democratic Turnhalle Alliance of Namibia or DTA [Katuutire KAURA, president]; Monitor Action Group or MAG [Kosie PRETORIUS]; South West Africa People's Organization or SWAPO [Sam Shafishuna NUJOMA]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Justus GAROEB]	Brunei Solidarity National Party or PPKB in Malay [Haji Mohd HATTA bin Haji Zainal Abidin, president]; the PPKB is the only legal political party in Brunei; it was registered in 1985, but became largely inactive after 1988, it was revived in 1995 and again in 1998; it has less than 200 registered party members; other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988)
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	2,030,692 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)	350,898 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	50% (2002 est.)	NA%
Population growth rate	0.73% (2005 est.)	2.06% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Luderitz, Walvis Bay	Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 39, shortwave 4 (2001)	AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	-	329,000 (1998)
Railways	total: 2,382 km narrow gauge: 2,382 km 1.067-m gauge (2004)	total: 13 km (private line) narrow gauge: 13 km 0.610-m gauge (2001 est.)
Religions	Christian 80% to 90% (Lutheran 50% at least), indigenous beliefs 10% to 20%	Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	none
Telephone system	general assessment: good system; about 6 telephones for each 100 persons domestic: good urban services; fair rural service; microwave radio relay links major towns; connections to other populated places are by open wire; 100% digital international: country code - 264; fiber-optic cable to South Africa, microwave radio relay link to Botswana, direct links to other neighboring countries; connected to Africa ONE and South African Far East (SAFE) submarine cables through South Africa; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (2002)	general assessment: service throughout country is excellent; international service good to Europe, US, and East Asia domestic: every service available international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, Singapore, and Philippines (2001)
Telephones - main lines in use	127,400 (2003)	79,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular	223,700 (2003)	43,524 (1996)
Television broadcast stations	8 (plus about 20 low-power repeaters) (1997)	2 (1997)
Terrain	mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari Desert in east	flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west
Total fertility rate	3.18 children born/woman (2005 est.)	2.4 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	35% (1998)	10% (2001 est.)
Waterways	-	209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m

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