Compare Mozambique (2004) - Tonga (2002)

Compare Mozambique (2004) z Tonga (2002)

	Mozambique (2004)	Tonga (2002)

Administrative divisions	10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 city (cidade); Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Cidade de Maputo, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia	3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u
Age structure	0-14 years: 43.6% (male 4,126,178; female 4,074,759) 15-64 years: 53.6% (male 4,944,416; female 5,145,167) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 215,418; female 305,793) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 39.5% (male 21,374; female 20,555) 15-64 years: 56.4% (male 29,519; female 30,322) 65 years and over: 4.1% (male 1,945; female 2,422) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef, poultry	squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish
Airports	158 (2003 est.)	6 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 22 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)	total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 136 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 34 under 914 m: 87 (2004 est.)	total: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Area	total: 801,590 sq km land: 784,090 sq km water: 17,500 sq km	total: 748 sq km land: 718 sq km water: 30 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly less than twice the size of California	four times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration by whites, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development. The ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement between FRELIMO and rebel Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO) forces ended the fighting in 1992. In December 2004, Mozambique underwent a delicate transition as Joaquim CHISSANO steped down after 18 years in office. His newly elected successor, Armando Emilio GUEBUZA, has promised to continue the sound economic policies that have encouraged foreign investment.	The archipelago of "The Friendly Islands" was united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. It became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900. Tonga acquired its independence in 1970 and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.
Birth rate	36.06 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	24.08 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $1.089 billion expenditures: $1.269 billion, including capital expenditures of $479.4 million (2003 est.)	revenues: $39.9 million expenditures: $52.4 million, including capital expenditures of $1.9 million (FY99/00 est.)
Capital	Maputo	Nuku'alofa
Climate	tropical to subtropical	tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)
Coastline	2,470 km	419 km
Constitution	30 November 1990	4 November 1875, revised 1 January 1967
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique conventional short form: Mozambique local long form: Republica de Mocambique local short form: Mocambique former: Portuguese East Africa	conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga conventional short form: Tonga former: Friendly Islands
Currency	metical (MZM)	pa'anga (TOP)
Death rate	23.86 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	5.63 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$966 million (2002 est.)	$57.5 million (June 2001)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Sharon P. WILKINSON embassy: Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo mailing address: P. O. Box 783, Maputo telephone: [258] (1) 492797 FAX: [258] (1) 490448	the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Armando PANGUENE chancery: 1990 M Street NW, Suite 570, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 293-7146 FAX: [1] (202) 835-0245	chief of mission: Ambassador Sonatane T. T. TUPOU chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022 telephone: [1] (917) 369-1136 FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024 consulate(s) general: San Francisco
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	$632.8 million (2001)	Australia $5.5 million, New Zealand $2.3 million (FY01/02)
Economy - overview	At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist mismanagement and a brutal civil war from 1977-92 exacerbated the situation. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, have led to dramatic improvements in the country's growth rate. Inflation was reduced to single digits during the late 1990s although it returned to double digits in 2000-03. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, Mozambique remains dependent upon foreign assistance for much of its annual budget, and the majority of the population remains below the poverty line. Subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's workforce. A substantial trade imbalance persists although the opening of the MOZAL aluminum smelter, the country's largest foreign investment project to date has increased export earnings. Additional investment projects in titanium extraction and processing and garment manufacturing should further close the import/export gap. Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt has been reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives, and is now at a manageable level.	Tonga has a small, open economy with a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. Tourism is the second largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonable basic infrastructure and well-developed social services.
Electricity - consumption	1.39 billion kWh (2001)	27.9 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	5.8 billion kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	500 million kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	7.193 billion kWh (2001)	30 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Monte Binga 2,436 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m
Environment - current issues	a long civil war and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters; elephant poaching for ivory is a problem	deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	indigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08%	Polynesian, Europeans about 300
Exchange rates	meticais per US dollar - 23,782.3 (2003), 23,678 (2002), 20,703.6 (2001), 15,447.1 (2000), 13,028.6 (1999) note: effective October 2000, the exchange rate is determined as the weighted average of buying and selling exchange rates of all transactions of commercial banks and stock exchanges with the public	pa'anga per US dollar - 2.1920 (January 2002), 2.1236 (2001), 1.7585 (2000), 1.5991 (1999), 1.4920 (1998), 1.2635 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Armando GUEBUZA (since 2 February 2005) head of government: Prime Minister Luisa DIOGO (since 17 February 2004) cabinet: Cabinet elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 1-2 December 2004 (next to be held December 2009); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Armando GUEBUZA elected president; percent of vote - Armando GUEBUZA 63.7%, Afonso DHLAKAMA 31.7%	chief of state: King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965) head of government: Prime Minister Prince Lavaka ata ULUKALALA (since NA February 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister Tevita TOPOU (since NA January 2001) cabinet: Cabinet, appointed by the monarch, consists of 12 members note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the Cabinet, and two governors elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed for life by the monarch
Exports	NA (2001)	$9.3 million f.o.b. (2000 est.)
Exports - commodities	aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity	squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops
Exports - partners	Belgium 26%, South Africa 14.4%, Italy 9.6%, Spain 9.5%, Germany 8.3%, Zimbabwe 4.7% (2003)	Japan 50.4%, US 31.6%, NZ 4.1%, Australia 2.1%, Fiji 1.7% (2000 est.)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book	red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner
GDP	purchasing power parity - $21.23 billion (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $225 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 20.1% industry: 27.3% services: 52.7% (2003 est.)	agriculture: 30% industry: 10% services: 60% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $1,200 (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $2,200 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	7% (2003 est.)	5.3% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates	18 15 S, 35 00 E	20 00 S, 175 00 W
Geography - note	the Zambezi flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country	archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited)
Highways	total: 30,400 km paved: 5,685 km unpaved: 24,715 km (1999 est.)	total: 680 km paved: 184 km unpaved: 496 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 2.5% highest 10%: 31.7% (1997)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	Southern African transit point for South Asian hashish, South Asian heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability makes the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center	-
Imports	NA (2001)	$70 million c.i.f. (2000 est.)
Imports - commodities	machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles	foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals
Imports - partners	South Africa 26.3%, Australia 9.2%, US 3.9% (2003)	New Zealand 29.8%, Japan 18.6%, Australia 12.7%, US 12.7%, Fiji 12.2% (2000 est.)
Independence	25 June 1975 (from Portugal)	4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)
Industrial production growth rate	3.4% (2000)	8.6% (FY98/99)
Industries	food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), aluminum, petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco	tourism, fishing
Infant mortality rate	total: 137.08 deaths/1,000 live births male: 142.67 deaths/1,000 live births female: 131.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	13.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	14% (2003 est.)	9.4% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISET, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO	ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	1,070 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its professional judges are appointed by the president and some are elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts note: although the constitution provides for the creation of a separate Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in its absence the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases	Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief justice of the Supreme Court)
Labor force	9.2 million (2000 est.)	33,908 (1996)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 81%, industry 6%, services 13% (1997 est.)	agriculture 65% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 4,571 km border countries: Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 5.1% permanent crops: 0.3% other: 94.6% (2001)	arable land: 23.61% permanent crops: 43.06% other: 33.33% (1998 est.)
Languages	Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, numerous other indigenous languages, Portuguese (official; spoken by 27% of population as a second language)	Tongan, English
Legal system	based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law	based on English law
Legislative branch	unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote on a secret ballot to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 1-2 December 2004 (next to be held December 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - Frelimo 62%, Renamo 29.7%; seats by party - Frelimo 160, Renamo 90	unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (30 seats - 12 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms) elections: last held 7 March 2002 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote - pro-democratic 70%; seats - pro-democratic 7, traditionalist 2
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 37.1 years male: 37.83 years female: 36.34 years (2004 est.)	total population: 68.56 years male: 66.13 years female: 71.11 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 47.8% male: 63.5% female: 32.7% (2003 est.)	definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English total population: 98.5% male: 98.4% female: 98.7% (1996 est.)
Location	South-eastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania	Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references	Africa	Oceania
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,125 GRT/7,024 DWT by type: cargo 3 foreign-owned: Belgium 2 (2004 est.)	total: 80 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 292,139 GRT/421,221 DWT ships by type: bulk 10, cargo 54, liquefied gas 4, petroleum tanker 8, roll on/roll off 4 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Albania 1, Australia 4, Austria 1, Bolivia 1, Cyprus 1, Djibouti 1, Egypt 2, Greece 4, Lebanon 2, Liberia 2, Marshall Islands 2, Morocco 1, Norway 1, Panama 1, Romania 3, Russia 1, Sao Tome and Principe 1, Saudi Arabia 2, Singapore 1, Sweden 1, Switzerland 3, Syria 5, Ukraine 1, United Arab Emirates 16, United States 4 (2002 est.)
Military branches	Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Special Forces	Tonga Defense Services (made up of three operational command components and two support elements, including the Royal Marines, Royal Guards, Maritime Force, a support/logistics group, and a training group), Police; note - a new air wing that will be subordinate to the Ministry of Defense is being developed
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$101.3 million (2003)	$NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	2.2% (2003)	NA%
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 4,335,294 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 2,485,197 (2004 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 25 June (1975)	Independence Day, 4 June (1970)
Nationality	noun: Mozambican(s) adjective: Mozambican	noun: Tongan(s) adjective: Tongan
Natural hazards	severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods occur in central and southern provinces	cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou
Natural resources	coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite	fish, fertile soil
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines	gas 649 km; refined products 292 km (2004)	-
Political parties and leaders	Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or Frelimo [Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO, president]; Mozambique National Resistance-Electoral Union (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana-Uniao Eleitoral) or Renamo-UE [Afonso DHLAKAMA, president]	there are no political parties
Political pressure groups and leaders	Institute for Peace and Democracy (Instituto para Paz e Democracia) or IPADE [Raul DOMINGOS, president]; Etica [Abdul CARIMO Issa, chairman]; Movement for Peace and Citizenship (Movimento para Paz e Cidadania); Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president]; Human Rights and Development (Direitos Humanos e Desenvolvimento) or DHD [Artemisia FRANCO, secretary general]	Tonga Human Rights and Democracy Movement or THRDM [Akilisi POHIVA, president]
Population	18,811,731 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected; the 1997 Mozambican census reported a population of 16,099,246 (July 2004 est.)	106,137 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	70% (2001 est.)	NA%
Population growth rate	1.22% (2004 est.)	1.85% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Beira, Inhambane, Maputo, Nacala, Pemba, Quelimane	Neiafu, Nuku'alofa, Pangai
Radio broadcast stations	AM 13, FM 17, shortwave 11 (2001)	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (2001)
Radios	-	61,000 (1997)
Railways	total: 3,123 km narrow gauge: 2,983 km 1.067-m gauge; 140 km 0.762-m gauge (2003)	0 km
Religions	indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 30%, Muslim 20%	Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	21 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: fair system but not available generally (telephone density is only 16 telephones for each 1,000 persons) domestic: the system consists of open-wire lines and trunk connection by microwave radio relay and tropospheric scatter international: country code - 258; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean)	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (1996)
Telephones - main lines in use	83,700 (2002)	8,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular	428,900 (2003)	302 (1996)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2001)	2 (2001)
Terrain	mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west	most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base
Total fertility rate	4.78 children born/woman (2004 est.)	3 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	21% (1997 est.)	13.3% (1996 est.)
Waterways	460 km (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora Bassa Lake) (2004)	none

Sitemap: Compare countries listing (map site) | Country listing (map site)
Links: Add to favorites | Information about this website | Stats | Polityka prywatnosci
This page was generated in ##czas## s. Size this page: ##rozmiar_strony## kB.