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Compare Mozambique (2001) - Mauritius (2007)

Compare Mozambique (2001) z Mauritius (2007)

 Mozambique (2001)Mauritius (2007)
 MozambiqueMauritius
Administrative divisions 10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia 9 districts and 3 dependencies*; Agalega Islands*, Black River, Cargados Carajos Shoals*, Flacq, Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses, Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere du Rempart, Rodrigues*, Savanne
Age structure 0-14 years:
42.72% (male 4,124,093; female 4,152,135)

15-64 years:
54.53% (male 5,222,477; female 5,339,615)

65 years and over:
2.75% (male 221,678; female 311,059) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 23.5% (male 147,808/female 146,270)


15-64 years: 69.8% (male 436,043/female 437,441)


65 years and over: 6.7% (male 32,475/female 50,845) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (tapioca), corn, rice, coconuts, sisal, tropical fruits; beef, poultry sugarcane, tea, corn, potatoes, bananas, pulses; cattle, goats; fish
Airports 168 (2000 est.) 5 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways total:
22

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
10

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
5 (2000 est.)
total: 2


over 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
146

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
16

914 to 1,523 m:
37

under 914 m:
92 (2000 est.)
total: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 2


under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Area total:
801,590 sq km

land:
784,090 sq km

water:
17,500 sq km
total: 2,040 sq km


land: 2,030 sq km


water: 10 sq km


note: includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues
Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of California almost 11 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration by whites, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development. The ruling party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement with rebel forces ended the fighting in 1992. Although known to Arab and Malay sailors as early as the 10th century, Mauritius was first explored by the Portuguese in 1505; it was subsequently held by the Dutch, French, and British before independence was attained in 1968. A stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record, the country has attracted considerable foreign investment and has earned one of Africa's highest per capita incomes. Recent poor weather and declining sugar prices have slowed economic growth, leading to some protests over standards of living in the Creole community.
Birth rate 37.2 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 15.26 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget revenues:
$466.9 million

expenditures:
$1.004 billion, including capital expenditures of $502.5 million (2000 est.)
revenues: $1.236 billion


expenditures: $1.562 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2006 est.)
Capital Maputo name: Port Louis


geographic coordinates: 20 09 S, 57 29 E


time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate tropical to subtropical tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)
Coastline 2,470 km 177 km
Constitution 30 November 1990 12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Mozambique

conventional short form:
Mozambique

local long form:
Republica de Mocambique

local short form:
Mocambique

former:
Portuguese East Africa
conventional long form: Republic of Mauritius


conventional short form: Mauritius


local long form: Republic of Mauritius


local short form: Mauritius
Currency metical (MZM) -
Death rate 24.21 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 6.88 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external $1.4 billion (2000 est.) $2.419 billion (2006 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Sharon P. WILKINSON

embassy:
Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo

mailing address:
P. O. Box 783, Maputo

telephone:
[258] (1) 492797

FAX:
[258] (1) 490114
chief of mission: Ambassador John PRICE


embassy: 4th Floor, Rogers House, John Kennedy Street, Port Louis


mailing address: international mail: P. O. Box 544, Port Louis; US mail: American Embassy, Port Louis, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2450


telephone: [230] 202-4400


FAX: [230] 208-9534
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Marcos Geraldo NAMASHULUA

chancery:
Suite 570, 1990 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:
[1] (202) 293-7146

FAX:
[1] (202) 835-0245
chief of mission: Ambassador Usha JEETAH


chancery: 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 441, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 244-1491, 1492


FAX: [1] (202) 966-0983
Disputes - international none Mauritius claims the Chagos Archipelago (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory), and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius; claims French-administered Tromelin Island
Economic aid - recipient $1.04 billion (1998) $31.93 million (2005)
Economy - overview Before the peace accord of October 1992, Mozambique's economy was devastated by a protracted civil war and socialist mismanagement. In 1994, it ranked as one of the poorest countries in the world. Since then, Mozambique has undertaken a series of economic reforms. Almost all aspects of the economy have been liberalized to some extent. More than 900 state enterprises have been privatized. A value-added tax, introduced in 1999, launched the government's comprehensive tax reform program. Pending are much needed commercial code reform and greater private sector involvement in the transportation, telecommunications, and energy sectors. Since 1996, inflation has been low and foreign exchange rates relatively stable. Albeit from a small base, Mozambique's economy grew at an annual 10% rate in 1997-99, one of the highest growth rates in the world. Growth slowed and inflation rose in 2000 due to devastating flooding in the early part of the year. Both indicators should recover in 2001. The country depends on foreign assistance to balance the budget and to pay for a trade imbalance in which imports greatly outnumber exports. The trade situation should improve in the medium term, however, as trade and transportation links to South Africa and the rest of the region have been improved and sizeable foreign investments are beginning to materialize. Among these investments are metal production (aluminum, steel), natural gas, power generation, agriculture, fishing, timber, and transportation services. Mozambique has received a formal cancellation of a large portion of its external debt through an IMF initiative and is scheduled to receive additional relief. Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has developed from a low-income, agriculturally based economy to a middle-income diversified economy with growing industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. For most of the period, annual growth has been in the order of 5% to 6%. This remarkable achievement has been reflected in more equitable income distribution, increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much-improved infrastructure. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 25% of export earnings. The government's development strategy centers on expanding local financial institutions and building a domestic information telecommunications industry. Mauritius has attracted more than 9,000 offshore entities, many aimed at commerce in India and South Africa, and investment in the banking sector alone has reached over $1 billion. Mauritius, with its strong textile sector, has been well poised to take advantage of the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA).
Electricity - consumption 307 million kWh (1999) 1.973 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports 1.9 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports 68 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production 2.3 billion kWh (1999) 2.122 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
13.04%

hydro:
86.96%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Monte Binga 2,436 m
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mont Piton 828 m
Environment - current issues a long civil war and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters water pollution, degradation of coral reefs
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups indigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Shangaan, Chokwe, Manyika, Sena, Makua, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08% Indo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%, Franco-Mauritian 2%
Exchange rates meticais per US dollar - 17,331.0 (January 2001), 5,199.8 (2000), 12,775.1 (1999), 11,874.6 (1998), 11.543.6 (1997), 11,293.8 (1996) Mauritian rupees per US dollar - 31.656 (2006), 29.496 (2005), 27.499 (2004), 27.902 (2003), 29.962 (2002)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO (since 6 November 1986); note - before being popularly elected, CHISSANO was elected president by Frelimo's Central Committee 4 November 1986 (reelected by the Committee 30 July 1989)

head of government:
Prime Minister Pascoal MOCUMBI (since NA December 1994)

cabinet:
Cabinet

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 3-5 December 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO reelected president; percent of vote - Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO 52.29%, Afonso DHLAKAMA 47.71%
chief of state: President Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH (since 7 October 2003); Vice President Abdool Raouf BUNDHUN (since 25 February 2002)


head of government: Prime Minister Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM (since 5 July 2005)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister


elections: president and vice president elected by the National Assembly for five-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held 25 February 2002 (next to be held in 2007); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president, responsible to the National Assembly


election results: Karl OFFMANN elected president and Raouf BUNDHUN elected vice president; percent of vote by the National Assembly - NA%; note - Karl OFFMANN stepped down on 30 September 2003
Exports $390 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities prawns 40%, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity (2000) clothing and textiles, sugar, cut flowers, molasses
Exports - partners EU 27%, South Africa 26%, Zimbabwe 15%, India 12%, US 5%, Japan 4% (1999 est.) UK 32.5%, France 15.1%, UAE 11.4%, US 8.3%, Madagascar 4.8% (2006)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 July - 30 June
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green
GDP purchasing power parity - $19.1 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
44%

industry:
19%

services:
37% (1999 est.)
agriculture: 5.2%


industry: 25.2%


services: 69.6% (2006 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,000 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 3.8% (2000 est.) 5% (2006 est.)
Geographic coordinates 18 15 S, 35 00 E 20 17 S, 57 33 E
Geography - note - the main island, from which the country derives its name, is of volcanic origin and is almost entirely surrounded by coral reefs
Highways total:
30,400 km

paved:
5,685 km

unpaved:
24,715 km (1996)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
2.5%

highest 10%:
31.7% (1996-97)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs Southern African transit point for South Asian hashish, South Asian heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa) consumer and transshipment point for heroin from South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally; significant offshore financial industry creates potential for money laundering, but corruption levels are relatively low and the government appears generally to be committed to regulating its banking industry
Imports $1.4 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.) NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, mineral products, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs, textiles (2000) manufactured goods, capital equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals
Imports - partners South Africa 44%, EU 16%, US 6.5%, Japan 6.5%, Pakistan 3%, India 3% (1999 est.) France 14.3%, India 13.6%, China 8.6%, South Africa 7.3% (2006)
Independence 25 June 1975 (from Portugal) 12 March 1968 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 7.2% (1999) 8% (2000 est.)
Industries food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, clothing, mining, chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery, tourism
Infant mortality rate 139.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 14.14 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 16.72 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 11.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 11.4% (2000 est.) 8.9% (2006 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNTAET, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 8 (2000) -
Irrigated land 1,200 sq km (2000 est.) 220 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its professional judges are appointed by the president and some are elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts

note:
although the constitution provides for the creation of a separate Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in its absence the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases
Supreme Court
Labor force 7.4 million (1997 est.) 541,000 (2006 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 81%, industry 6%, services 13% (1997 est.) agriculture and fishing 14%, construction and industry 36%, transportation and communication 7%, trade, restaurants, hotels 16%, finance 3%, other services 24% (1995)
Land boundaries total:
4,571 km

border countries:
Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
4%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
56%

forests and woodland:
18%

other:
22% (1993 est.)
arable land: 49.02%


permanent crops: 2.94%


other: 48.04% (2005)
Languages Portuguese (official), indigenous dialects Creole 80.5%, Bhojpuri 12.1%, French 3.4%, English (official; spoken by less than 1% of the population), other 3.7%, unspecified 0.3% (2000 census)
Legal system based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote on a secret ballot to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 3-5 December 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - Frelimo 48.54%, Renamo-UE 38.81%; seats by party - Frelimo 133, Renamo-UE 117

note:
Renamo-UE ran as a multiparty coalition; none of the other opposition parties received the 5% required to win parliamentary seats
unicameral National Assembly (70 seats; 62 members elected by popular vote, 8 appointed by the election commission to give representation to various ethnic minorities; to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held on 3 July 2005 (next to be held in 2010)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - AS 38, MSM/MMM 22, OPR 2; appointed seats - AS 4, MSM/MMM 2, OPR 2
Life expectancy at birth total population:
36.45 years

male:
37.25 years

female:
35.62 years (2001 est.)
total population: 72.88 years


male: 68.92 years


female: 76.9 years (2007 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
42.3%

male:
58.4%

female:
27% (1998 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 84.4%


male: 88.4%


female: 80.5% (2000 census)
Location Southern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Map references Africa Political Map of the World
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Merchant marine total:
3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,125 GRT/7,024 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 3 (2000 est.)
total: 5 ships (1000 GRT or over) 19,417 GRT/19,700 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 2, passenger/cargo 2, refrigerated cargo 1


foreign-owned: 2 (India 2) (2007)
Military branches Army, Naval Command, Air and Air Defense Forces, Militia no regular military forces; National Police Force, Special Mobile Force, National Coast Guard (2007)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $35.1 million (2000 est.) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1% (2000 est.) 0.3% (2006 est.)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
4,627,052 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
2,670,933 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 25 June (1975) Independence Day, 12 March (1968)
Nationality noun:
Mozambican(s)

adjective:
Mozambican
noun: Mauritian(s)


adjective: Mauritian
Natural hazards severe droughts and floods occur in central and southern provinces; devastating cyclones cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards
Natural resources coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite arable land, fish
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 306 km; petroleum products 289 km

note:
not operating
-
Political parties and leaders Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or Frelimo [Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO, chairman]; Mozambique National Resistance - Electoral Union (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana - Uniao Eleitoral) or Renamo-UE [Afonso DHLAKAMA, president] Alliance Sociale or AS; Hizbullah [Cehl Mohamed FAKEEMEEAH]; Mauritian Labor Party or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movement or MMM [Paul BERENGER] (in coalition with MSM); Mauritian Social Democrat Party or PMSD [Charles Xavier-Luc DUVAL]; Militant Socialist Movement or MSM (the governing party) [Pravind JUGNAUTH]; Rodrigues Movement or MR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]; Rodrigues Peoples Organization or OPR [Serge CLAIR]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA various labor unions
Population 19,371,057

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected; the 1997 Mozambican census reported a population of 16,099,246 (July 2001 est.)
1,250,882 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line 70% (2000 est.) 10% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate 1.3% (2001 est.) 0.798% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors Beira, Inhambane, Maputo, Nacala, Pemba, Quelimane -
Radio broadcast stations AM 13, FM 16, shortwave 12 (2000) AM 4, FM 9, shortwave 0 (2001)
Radios 730,000 (1997) -
Railways total:
3,131 km

narrow gauge:
2,988 km 1.067-m gauge; 143 km 0.762-m gauge (1994)
-
Religions indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 30%, Muslim 20% Hindu 48%, Roman Catholic 23.6%, Muslim 16.6%, other Christian 8.6%, other 2.5%, unspecified 0.3%, none 0.4% (2000 census)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
0.99 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.71 male(s)/female

total population:
0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.011 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.997 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.639 male(s)/female


total population: 0.971 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
fair system but not available generally (telephone density is only 3.5 telephones for each 1,000 persons)

domestic:
the system consists of open-wire lines and trunk connection by microwave radio relay and tropospheric scatter

international:
satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean)
general assessment: small system with good service


domestic: primarily microwave radio relay trunk system


international: country code - 230; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several countries; fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC/SAFE) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Telephones - main lines in use 65,354 (2000) 357,300 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular 18,500 (2000) 772,400 (2006)
Television broadcast stations 1 (2000) 2 (plus several repeaters) (1997)
Terrain mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau
Total fertility rate 4.82 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.94 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate 21% (1997 est.) 9.4% (2006 est.)
Waterways 3,750 km (navigable routes) -
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