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Compare Mozambique (2001) - Lesotho (2008)

Compare Mozambique (2001) z Lesotho (2008)

 Mozambique (2001)Lesotho (2008)
 MozambiqueLesotho
Administrative divisions 10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia 10 districts; Berea, Butha-Buthe, Leribe, Mafeteng, Maseru, Mohale's Hoek, Mokhotlong, Qacha's Nek, Quthing, Thaba-Tseka
Age structure 0-14 years:
42.72% (male 4,124,093; female 4,152,135)

15-64 years:
54.53% (male 5,222,477; female 5,339,615)

65 years and over:
2.75% (male 221,678; female 311,059) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 35.7% (male 382,308/female 377,303)


15-64 years: 59.3% (male 613,979/female 645,818)


65 years and over: 5% (male 42,621/female 63,233) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (tapioca), corn, rice, coconuts, sisal, tropical fruits; beef, poultry corn, wheat, pulses, sorghum, barley; livestock
Airports 168 (2000 est.) 28 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways total:
22

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
10

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
5 (2000 est.)
total: 3


over 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
146

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
16

914 to 1,523 m:
37

under 914 m:
92 (2000 est.)
total: 25


914 to 1,523 m: 4


under 914 m: 21 (2007)
Area total:
801,590 sq km

land:
784,090 sq km

water:
17,500 sq km
total: 30,355 sq km


land: 30,355 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of California slightly smaller than Maryland
Background Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration by whites, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development. The ruling party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement with rebel forces ended the fighting in 1992. Basutoland was renamed the Kingdom of Lesotho upon independence from the UK in 1966. The Basuto National Party ruled for the first two decades. King MOSHOESHOE was exiled in 1990, but returned to Lesotho in 1992 and was reinstated in 1995. Constitutional government was restored in 1993 after seven years of military rule. In 1998, violent protests and a military mutiny following a contentious election prompted a brief but bloody intervention by South African and Botswanan military forces under the aegis of the Southern African Development Community. Subsequent constitutional reforms restored relative political stability. Peaceful parliamentary elections were held in 2002, but the National Assembly elections of February 2007 were hotly contested and aggrieved parties continue to periodically demonstrate their distrust of the results.
Birth rate 37.2 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 24.72 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget revenues:
$466.9 million

expenditures:
$1.004 billion, including capital expenditures of $502.5 million (2000 est.)
revenues: $951.4 million


expenditures: $855.4 million (2007 est.)
Capital Maputo name: Maseru


geographic coordinates: 29 19 S, 27 29 E


time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate tropical to subtropical temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers
Coastline 2,470 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 30 November 1990 2 April 1993
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Mozambique

conventional short form:
Mozambique

local long form:
Republica de Mocambique

local short form:
Mocambique

former:
Portuguese East Africa
conventional long form: Kingdom of Lesotho


conventional short form: Lesotho


local long form: Kingdom of Lesotho


local short form: Lesotho


former: Basutoland
Currency metical (MZM) -
Death rate 24.21 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 22.49 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external $1.4 billion (2000 est.) $693 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Sharon P. WILKINSON

embassy:
Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo

mailing address:
P. O. Box 783, Maputo

telephone:
[258] (1) 492797

FAX:
[258] (1) 490114
chief of mission: Ambassador Robert NOLAN


embassy: 254 Kingsway, Maseru West (Consular Section)


mailing address: P. O. Box 333, Maseru 100, Lesotho


telephone: [266] 22 312666


FAX: [266] 22 310116
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Marcos Geraldo NAMASHULUA

chancery:
Suite 570, 1990 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:
[1] (202) 293-7146

FAX:
[1] (202) 835-0245
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Mabasia MOHOBANE


chancery: 2511 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 797-5533 through 5536


FAX: [1] (202) 234-6815
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $1.04 billion (1998) $68.82 million (2005)
Economy - overview Before the peace accord of October 1992, Mozambique's economy was devastated by a protracted civil war and socialist mismanagement. In 1994, it ranked as one of the poorest countries in the world. Since then, Mozambique has undertaken a series of economic reforms. Almost all aspects of the economy have been liberalized to some extent. More than 900 state enterprises have been privatized. A value-added tax, introduced in 1999, launched the government's comprehensive tax reform program. Pending are much needed commercial code reform and greater private sector involvement in the transportation, telecommunications, and energy sectors. Since 1996, inflation has been low and foreign exchange rates relatively stable. Albeit from a small base, Mozambique's economy grew at an annual 10% rate in 1997-99, one of the highest growth rates in the world. Growth slowed and inflation rose in 2000 due to devastating flooding in the early part of the year. Both indicators should recover in 2001. The country depends on foreign assistance to balance the budget and to pay for a trade imbalance in which imports greatly outnumber exports. The trade situation should improve in the medium term, however, as trade and transportation links to South Africa and the rest of the region have been improved and sizeable foreign investments are beginning to materialize. Among these investments are metal production (aluminum, steel), natural gas, power generation, agriculture, fishing, timber, and transportation services. Mozambique has received a formal cancellation of a large portion of its external debt through an IMF initiative and is scheduled to receive additional relief. Small, landlocked, and mountainous, Lesotho relies on remittances from miners employed in South Africa and customs duties from the Southern Africa Customs Union for the majority of government revenue. However, the government has recently strengthened its tax system to reduce dependency on customs duties. Completion of a major hydropower facility in January 1998 now permits the sale of water to South Africa and also generates royalties for Lesotho. Lesotho produces about 90% of its own electrical power needs. As the number of mineworkers has declined steadily over the past several years, a small manufacturing base has developed based on farm products that support the milling, canning, leather, and jute industries, as well as a rapidly expanding apparel-assembly sector. The latter has grown significantly mainly due to Lesotho qualifying for the trade benefits contained in the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act. The economy is still primarily based on subsistence agriculture, especially livestock, although drought has decreased agricultural activity. The extreme inequality in the distribution of income remains a major drawback. Lesotho has signed an Interim Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility with the IMF. In July 2007 Lesotho signed a Millennium Challenge Account Compact with the US worth $362.5 million.
Electricity - consumption 307 million kWh (1999) 338.5 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports 1.9 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports 68 million kWh (1999) 13 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa (2005)
Electricity - production 2.3 billion kWh (1999) 350 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa (2005)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
13.04%

hydro:
86.96%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Monte Binga 2,436 m
lowest point: junction of the Orange and Makhaleng Rivers 1,400 m


highest point: Thabana Ntlenyana 3,482 m
Environment - current issues a long civil war and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters population pressure forcing settlement in marginal areas results in overgrazing, severe soil erosion, and soil exhaustion; desertification; Highlands Water Project controls, stores, and redirects water to South Africa
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups indigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Shangaan, Chokwe, Manyika, Sena, Makua, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08% Sotho 99.7%, Europeans, Asians, and other 0.3%,
Exchange rates meticais per US dollar - 17,331.0 (January 2001), 5,199.8 (2000), 12,775.1 (1999), 11,874.6 (1998), 11.543.6 (1997), 11,293.8 (1996) maloti per US dollar - 7.25 (2007), 6.85 (2006), 6.3593 (2005), 6.4597 (2004), 7.5648 (2003)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO (since 6 November 1986); note - before being popularly elected, CHISSANO was elected president by Frelimo's Central Committee 4 November 1986 (reelected by the Committee 30 July 1989)

head of government:
Prime Minister Pascoal MOCUMBI (since NA December 1994)

cabinet:
Cabinet

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 3-5 December 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO reelected president; percent of vote - Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO 52.29%, Afonso DHLAKAMA 47.71%
chief of state: King LETSIE III (since 7 February 1996); note - King LETSIE III formerly occupied the throne from November 1990 to February 1995 while his father was in exile


head of government: Prime Minister Pakalitha MOSISILI (since 23 May 1998)


cabinet: Cabinet


elections: none - according to the constitution, the leader of the majority party in the Assembly automatically becomes prime minister; the monarch is hereditary, but, under the terms of the constitution, that came into effect after the March 1993 election, the monarch is a "living symbol of national unity" with no executive or legislative powers; under traditional law the college of chiefs has the power to depose the monarch, determine who is next in the line of succession, or who shall serve as regent in the event that the successor is not of mature age
Exports $390 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) 0 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities prawns 40%, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity (2000) manufactures 75% (clothing, footwear, road vehicles), wool and mohair, food and live animals (2000)
Exports - partners EU 27%, South Africa 26%, Zimbabwe 15%, India 12%, US 5%, Japan 4% (1999 est.) US 81.9%, Belgium 15%, Canada 1.9% (2006)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 April - 31 March
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book three horizontal stripes of blue (top), white, and green in the proportions of 3:4:3; the colors represent rain, peace, and prosperity respectively; centered in the white stripe is a black Basotho hat representing the indigenous people; the flag was unfurled in October 2006 to celebrate 40 years of independence
GDP purchasing power parity - $19.1 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
44%

industry:
19%

services:
37% (1999 est.)
agriculture: 15.2%


industry: 45%


services: 39.7% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,000 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 3.8% (2000 est.) 4.8% (2007 est.)
Geographic coordinates 18 15 S, 35 00 E 29 30 S, 28 30 E
Geography - note - landlocked, completely surrounded by South Africa; mountainous, more than 80% of the country is 1,800 meters above sea level
Highways total:
30,400 km

paved:
5,685 km

unpaved:
24,715 km (1996)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
2.5%

highest 10%:
31.7% (1996-97)
lowest 10%: 0.9%


highest 10%: 43.4% (2002 est.)
Illicit drugs Southern African transit point for South Asian hashish, South Asian heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa) -
Imports $1.4 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.) 1,400 bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, mineral products, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs, textiles (2000) food; building materials, vehicles, machinery, medicines, petroleum products
Imports - partners South Africa 44%, EU 16%, US 6.5%, Japan 6.5%, Pakistan 3%, India 3% (1999 est.) Hong Kong 33.4%, China 31.2%, Germany 7.7%, India 7.3% (2006)
Independence 25 June 1975 (from Portugal) 4 October 1966 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 7.2% (1999) 12% (2007 est.)
Industries food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco food, beverages, textiles, apparel assembly, handicrafts, construction, tourism
Infant mortality rate 139.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 79.85 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 84.4 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 75.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 11.4% (2000 est.) 12% (2007 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNTAET, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 8 (2000) -
Irrigated land 1,200 sq km (2000 est.) 30 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its professional judges are appointed by the president and some are elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts

note:
although the constitution provides for the creation of a separate Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in its absence the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases
High Court (chief justice appointed by the monarch acting on the advice of the Prime Minister); Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts; customary or traditional court
Labor force 7.4 million (1997 est.) 838,000 (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 81%, industry 6%, services 13% (1997 est.) agriculture: 86% of resident population engaged in subsistence agriculture; roughly 35% of the active male wage earners work in South Africa


industry and services: 14% (2002 est.)
Land boundaries total:
4,571 km

border countries:
Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km
total: 909 km


border countries: South Africa 909 km
Land use arable land:
4%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
56%

forests and woodland:
18%

other:
22% (1993 est.)
arable land: 10.87%


permanent crops: 0.13%


other: 89% (2005)
Languages Portuguese (official), indigenous dialects Sesotho (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa
Legal system based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law based on English common law and Roman-Dutch law; judicial review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote on a secret ballot to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 3-5 December 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - Frelimo 48.54%, Renamo-UE 38.81%; seats by party - Frelimo 133, Renamo-UE 117

note:
Renamo-UE ran as a multiparty coalition; none of the other opposition parties received the 5% required to win parliamentary seats
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (33 members - 22 principal chiefs and 11 other members appointed by the ruling party) and the Assembly (120 seats, 80 by popular vote and 40 by proportional vote; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)


elections: last held 17 February 2007 (next to be held in 2012)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LCD 61, NIP 21, ABC 17, LWP 10, ACP 4, BNP 3, other 4
Life expectancy at birth total population:
36.45 years

male:
37.25 years

female:
35.62 years (2001 est.)
total population: 39.97 years


male: 40.73 years


female: 39.18 years (2007 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
42.3%

male:
58.4%

female:
27% (1998 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 84.8%


male: 74.5%


female: 94.5% (2003 est.)
Location Southern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania Southern Africa, an enclave of South Africa
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total:
3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,125 GRT/7,024 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 3 (2000 est.)
-
Military - note - the Lesotho Government in 1999 began an open debate on the future structure, size, and role of the armed forces, especially considering the Lesotho Defense Force's (LDF) history of intervening in political affairs
Military branches Army, Naval Command, Air and Air Defense Forces, Militia Lesotho Defense Force (LDF): Army and Air Wing
Military expenditures - dollar figure $35.1 million (2000 est.) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1% (2000 est.) 2.6% (2006)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
4,627,052 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
2,670,933 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 25 June (1975) Independence Day, 4 October (1966)
Nationality noun:
Mozambican(s)

adjective:
Mozambican
noun: Mosotho (singular), Basotho (plural)


adjective: Basotho
Natural hazards severe droughts and floods occur in central and southern provinces; devastating cyclones periodic droughts
Natural resources coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite water, agricultural and grazing land, diamonds, sand, clay, building stone
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -0.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 306 km; petroleum products 289 km

note:
not operating
-
Political parties and leaders Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or Frelimo [Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO, chairman]; Mozambique National Resistance - Electoral Union (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana - Uniao Eleitoral) or Renamo-UE [Afonso DHLAKAMA, president] Alliance of Congress Parties or ACP; All Basotho Convention or ABC [Thomas THABANE]; Basotholand African Congress or BAC [Khauhelo RALITAPOLE]; Basotho Congress Party or BCP [Ntsukunyane MPHANYA]; Basotho National Party or BNP [Maj. Gen. Justin Metsing LEKHANYA]; Kopanang Basotho Party or KPB [Pheelo MOSALA]; Lesotho Congress for Democracy or LCD (the governing party) [Pakalitha MOSISILI]; Lesotho Education Party or LEP [Thabo PITSO]; Lesotho Workers Party or LWP [Macaefa BILLY]; Marematlou Freedom Party or MFP [Vincent MALEBO]; National Independent Party or NIP [Anthony MANYELI]; New Lesotho Freedom Party or NLFP [Manapo MAJARA]; Popular Front for Democracy or PFD [Lekhetho RAKUOANE]; Sefate Democratic Union or SDU [Bofihla NKUEBE]; Social Democratic Party of SDP [Masitise SELESO]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 19,371,057

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected; the 1997 Mozambican census reported a population of 16,099,246 (July 2001 est.)
2,125,262


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line 70% (2000 est.) 49% (1999)
Population growth rate 1.3% (2001 est.) 0.144% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors Beira, Inhambane, Maputo, Nacala, Pemba, Quelimane -
Radio broadcast stations AM 13, FM 16, shortwave 12 (2000) AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios 730,000 (1997) -
Railways total:
3,131 km

narrow gauge:
2,988 km 1.067-m gauge; 143 km 0.762-m gauge (1994)
-
Religions indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 30%, Muslim 20% Christian 80%, indigenous beliefs 20%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
0.99 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.71 male(s)/female

total population:
0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.013 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.951 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.674 male(s)/female


total population: 0.956 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
fair system but not available generally (telephone density is only 3.5 telephones for each 1,000 persons)

domestic:
the system consists of open-wire lines and trunk connection by microwave radio relay and tropospheric scatter

international:
satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean)
general assessment: rudimentary system consisting of a modest but growing number of landlines, a small microwave radio relay system, and a small radiotelephone communication system; mobile-cellular telephone system is expanding


domestic: privatized in 2001, Telecom Lesotho tasked with providing an additional 50,000 fixed-line connections within five years, a target not met; mobile-cellular service is expanding with a subscribership approaching 15 per 100 persons; rural services are scant


international: country code - 266; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 65,354 (2000) 48,000 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular 18,500 (2000) 249,800 (2005)
Television broadcast stations 1 (2000) 1 (2000)
Terrain mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west mostly highland with plateaus, hills, and mountains
Total fertility rate 4.82 children born/woman (2001 est.) 3.21 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate 21% (1997 est.) 45% (2002)
Waterways 3,750 km (navigable routes) -
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