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Compare Morocco (2002) - Svalbard (2001)

Compare Morocco (2002) z Svalbard (2001)

 Morocco (2002)Svalbard (2001)
 MoroccoSvalbard
Administrative divisions 37 provinces and 2 wilayas*; Agadir, Al Hoceima, Azilal, Beni Mellal, Ben Slimane, Boulemane, Casablanca*, Chaouen, El Jadida, El Kelaa des Sraghna, Er Rachidia, Essaouira, Fes, Figuig, Guelmim, Ifrane, Kenitra, Khemisset, Khenifra, Khouribga, Laayoune, Larache, Marrakech, Meknes, Nador, Ouarzazate, Oujda, Rabat-Sale*, Safi, Settat, Sidi Kacem, Tanger, Tan-Tan, Taounate, Taroudannt, Tata, Taza, Tetouan, Tiznit


note: three additional provinces of Ad Dakhla (Oued Eddahab), Boujdour, and Es Smara as well as parts of Tan-Tan and Laayoune fall within Moroccan-claimed Western Sahara; decentralization/regionalization law passed by the legislature in March 1997 created many new provinces/regions; specific details and scope of the reorganization not yet available
-
Age structure 0-14 years: 33.8% (male 5,364,948; female 5,166,666)


15-64 years: 61.5% (male 9,518,503; female 9,640,292)


65 years and over: 4.7% (male 661,054; female 816,320) (2002 est.)
0-14 years:
NA%

15-64 years:
NA%

65 years and over:
NA%
Agriculture - products barley, wheat, citrus, wine, vegetables, olives; livestock -
Airports 67 (2001) 4 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 26


over 3,047 m: 11


2,438 to 3,047 m: 5


1,524 to 2,437 m: 8


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
total:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 37


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 11


914 to 1,523 m: 14


under 914 m: 11 (2002)
total:
3

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Area total: 446,550 sq km


land: 446,300 sq km


water: 250 sq km
total:
62,049 sq km

land:
62,049 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)
Area - comparative slightly larger than California slightly smaller than West Virginia
Background Morocco's long struggle for independence from France ended in 1956. The internationalized city of Tangier was turned over to the new country that same year. Morocco virtually annexed Western Sahara during the late 1970s, but final resolution on the status of the territory remains unresolved. Gradual political reforms in the 1990s resulted in the establishment of a bicameral legislature in 1997. First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory.
Birth rate 23.69 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) NA births/1,000 population
Budget revenues: $13.8 billion


expenditures: $14.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $2.1 billion (2001 est.)
revenues:
$11.5 million

expenditures:
$11.5 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
Capital Rabat Longyearbyen
Climate Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year
Coastline 1,835 km 3,587 km
Constitution 10 March 1972, revised 4 September 1992, amended (to create bicameral legislature) September 1996 -
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Morocco


conventional short form: Morocco


local long form: Al Mamlakah al Maghribiyah


local short form: Al Maghrib
conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)
Currency Moroccan dirham (MAD) Norwegian krone (NOK)
Death rate 5.86 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external $19 billion (2001 est.) -
Dependency status - territory of Norway; administered by the Ministry of Industry, Oslo, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was given to Norway
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Ms. Margaret TUTWILER


embassy: 2 Avenue de Mohamed El Fassi, Rabat


mailing address: PSC 74, Box 021, APO AE 90718


telephone: [212] (37) 76 22 65


FAX: [212] (37) 76 56 61


consulate(s) general: Casablanca
-
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Aziz MEKOUAR


chancery: 1601 21st Street NW, Washington, DC 20009


telephone: [1] (202) 462-7979 through 7982


FAX: [1] (202) 265-0161


consulate(s) general: New York
-
Disputes - international claims and administers Western Sahara, but sovereignty remains unresolved; UN-administered cease-fire has remained in effect since September 1991, but attempts to hold a referendum have failed and parties reject other proposals; Spain controls three small possessions off the coast of Morocco - the islands of Penon de Alhucemas, Penon de Velez de la Gomera, and Islas Chafarinas and two autonomous communities on the coast of Morrocco - Ceuta and Mellila; Morocco rejected Spain's unilateral designation of a median line from the Canary Islands in 2002 to explore undersea resources and to interdict illegal refugees from Africa focus of a maritime boundary dispute between Norway and Russia
Economic aid - recipient $565.6 million (1995) (1995) $8.2 million from Norway (1998)
Economy - overview Morocco faces the problems typical of developing countries - restraining government spending, reducing constraints on private activity and foreign trade, and achieving sustainable economic growth. Following structural adjustment programs supported by the IMF, World Bank, and the Paris Club, the dirham is now fully convertible for current account transactions, and reforms of the financial sector have been implemented. Droughts depressed activity in the key agricultural sector and contributed to a stagnant economy in 1999 and 2000. During that time, however, Morocco reported large foreign exchange inflows from the sale of a mobile telephone license and partial privatization of the state-owned telecommunications company. Favorable rainfall in 2001 led to a growth of 5%. Formidable long-term challenges include: servicing the external debt; preparing the economy for freer trade with the EU; and improving education and attracting foreign investment to boost living standards and job prospects for Morocco's youth. Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gives the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some trapping of seal, polar bear, fox, and walrus.
Electricity - consumption 14.346 billion kWh (2000) NA kWh
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) -
Electricity - imports 1.1 billion kWh (2000) -
Electricity - production 14.243 billion kWh (2000) NA kWh
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 91%


hydro: 9%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
fossil fuel:
NA%

hydro:
NA%

nuclear:
NA%

other:
NA%
Elevation extremes lowest point: Sebkha Tah -55 m


highest point: Jbel Toubkal 4,165 m
lowest point:
Arctic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Newtontoppen 1,717 m
Environment - current issues land degradation/desertification (soil erosion resulting from farming of marginal areas, overgrazing, destruction of vegetation); water supplies contaminated by raw sewage; siltation of reservoirs; oil pollution of coastal waters NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea
-
Ethnic groups Arab-Berber 99.1%, other 0.7%, Jewish 0.2% Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998)
Exchange rates Moroccan dirhams per US dollar - 11.584 (January 2002), 11.303 (2001), 10.626 (2000), 9.804 (1999), 9.604 (1998), 9.527 (1997) Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 8.7784 (January 2001), 8.8018 (2000), 7.7992 (1999), 7.5451 (1998), 7.0734 (1997), 6.4498 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: King MOHAMED VI (since 23 July 1999)


head of government: Prime Minister Driss JETTOU (since 9 October 2002)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch following legislative elections
chief of state:
King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991)

head of government:
Governor Morten RUUD (since NA November 1998) and Assistant Governor Odd Redar HUMLEGAARD (since NA)

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice
Exports $8.2 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) $NA
Exports - commodities phosphates and fertilizers, food and beverages, minerals -
Exports - partners France 26%, Spain 10%, UK 8%, Italy 6%, Germany 5%, India 5%, US 5% (2000) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description red with a green pentacle (five-pointed, linear star) known as Solomon's seal in the center of the flag; green is the traditional color of Islam the flag of Norway is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $112 billion (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 15%


industry: 33%


services: 52% (2000 est.)
-
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $3,700 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - real growth rate 5% (2001 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 32 00 N, 5 00 W 78 00 N, 20 00 E
Geography - note strategic location along Strait of Gibraltar northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area
Heliports 1 (2002) -
Highways total: 57,847 km


paved: 30,254 km (including 327 km of expressways)


unpaved: 27,593 km (1998)
total:
NA km

paved:
NA km

unpaved:
NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 3%


highest 10%: 31% (1998-99)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs illicit producer of hashish; trafficking increasing for both domestic and international drug markets; shipments of hashish mostly directed to Western Europe; transit point for cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe -
Imports $12.4 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) $NA
Imports - commodities semiprocessed goods, machinery and equipment, food and beverages, consumer goods, fuel -
Imports - partners France 25%, Spain 11%, Germany 6%, Italy 6%, UK 5%, US 5% (2000) -
Independence 2 March 1956 (from France) none (territory of Norway)
Industrial production growth rate 0.5% (1999 est.) NA%
Industries phosphate rock mining and processing, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, tourism -
Infant mortality rate 46.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) NA deaths/1,000 live births
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1% (2001 est.) NA%
International organization participation ABEDA, ACCT, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CCC, EBRD, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 8 (2000) 13 (Svalbard and Jan Mayen) (2000)
Irrigated land 12,910 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed on the recommendation of the Supreme Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the monarch) -
Labor force 11 million (1999) (1999) NA
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 50%, services 35%, industry 15% (1999 est.) -
Land boundaries total: 2,017.9 km


border countries: Algeria 1,559 km, Western Sahara 443 km, Spain (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Spain (Melilla) 9.6 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 20.12%


permanent crops: 2.05%


other: 77.83% (1998 est.)
arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry)
Languages Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often the language of business, government, and diplomacy Russian, Norwegian
Legal system based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of Supreme Court NA
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament consists of an upper house or Chamber of Counselors (270 seats; members elected indirectly by local councils, professional organizations, and labor syndicates for nine-year terms; one-third of the members are renewed every three years) and a lower house or Chamber of Representatives (325 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)


elections: Chamber of Counselors - last held 15 September 2000 (next to be held NA 2003); Chamber of Representatives - last held 27 September 2002 (next to be held NA 2007)


election results: Chamber of Counselors - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - USFP 50, IP 48, PJD 42, RNI 41, MP 27, MNP 18, UC 16, FFD 12, PND 12, PPS 11, UD 10, MDS 7, PSD 6, Al Ahd 5, ADL 4, GSU 3, PML 3, PRD 3, FC 2, PDI 2, PED 2, CNI 1
-
Life expectancy at birth total population: 69.73 years


male: 67.49 years


female: 72.08 years (2002 est.)
total population:
NA years

male:
NA years

female:
NA years
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 43.7%


male: 56.6%


female: 31% (1995 est.)
-
Location Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Western Sahara Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway
Map references Africa Arctic Region
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 24 NM


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia

territorial sea:
4 NM
Merchant marine total: 41 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 227,364 GRT/277,306 DWT


ships by type: cargo 10, chemical tanker 6, container 6, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 8, roll on/roll off 8, short-sea passenger 1


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Germany 1, Hong Kong 1, Netherlands 2, Norway 2 (2002 est.)
none (2000 est.)
Military - note - demilitarized by treaty (9 February 1920)
Military branches Royal Armed Forces (includes Army, Navy, Air Force), Gendarmerie, Auxiliary Forces -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $1.4 billion (FY99/00) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 4% (FY99/00) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 8,393,772 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 5,289,283 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 348,380 (2002 est.) -
National holiday Throne Day (accession of King MOHAMED VI to the throne), 30 July (1999) NA
Nationality noun: Moroccan(s)


adjective: Moroccan
-
Natural hazards northern mountains geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts ice floes often block up the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic
Natural resources phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, fish, salt coal, copper, iron ore, phosphate, zinc, wildlife, fish
Net migration rate -1.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Pipelines crude oil 362 km; petroleum products 491 km (abandoned); natural gas 241 km -
Political parties and leaders Action Party or PA [Muhammad EL IDRISSI]; Alliance of Liberties or ADL [Ali BELHAJ]; Annahj Addimocrati or Annahj [Abdellah EL HARIF]; Avant Garde Social Democratic Party or PADS [Ahmed BENJELLOUN]; Citizen Forces or FC [Abderrahman LAHJOUJI]; Citizen's Initiatives for Development [Mohamed BENHAMOU]; Constitutional Union or UC [Mohamed ABIED (interim)]; Democratic and Independence Party or PDI [Abdelwahed MAACH]; Democratic and Social Movement or MDS [Mahmoud ARCHANE]; Democratic Socialist Party or PSD [Aissa OUARDIGHI]; Democratic Union or UD [Bouazza IKKEN]; Environment and Development Party or PED [Ahmed EL ALAMI]; Front of Democratic Forces or FFD [Thami EL KHYARI]; Istiqlal Party (Independence Party) or IP [Abbas El FASSI]; Justice and Development Party (note - formerly the Party of Justice and Development) or PJD [Abdelkrim EL KHATIB]; Moroccan Liberal Party or PML [Mohamed ZIANE]; National Democratic Party or PND [Abdallah KADIRI]; National Ittihadi Congress Party or CNI [Abdelmajid BOUZOUBAA]; National Popular Movement or MNP [Mahjoubi AHERDANE]; National Rally of Independents or RNI [Ahmed OSMAN]; National Union of Popular Forces or UNFP [Abdellah IBRAHIM]; Parti Al Ahd or Al Ahd [Najib EL OUAZZANI, chairman]; Party of Progress and Socialism or PPS [Ismail ALAOUI]; Party of Renewent and Equity or PRE [Chakir ACHABAR]; Party of the Unified Socialist Left or GSU [Mohamed Ben Said AIT IDDER]; Popular Movement or MP [Mohamed LAENSER]; Reform and Development Party or PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOUHEN]; Social Center Party or PSC [Lahcen MADIH]; Socialist Union of Popular Forces or USFP [Abderrahman EL-YOUSSOUFI] -
Political pressure groups and leaders Democratic Confederation of Labor or CDT [Noubir AMAOUI]; General Union of Moroccan Workers or UGTM [Abderrazzak AFILAL]; Moroccan Employers Association or CGEM [leader NA]; National Labor Union of Morocco or UNMT [Abdelslam MAATI]; Union of Moroccan Workers or UMT [Mahjoub BENSEDDIK] -
Population 31,167,783 (July 2002 est.) 2,332 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 19% (1999 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.68% (2002 est.) -3.55% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Agadir, El Jadida, Casablanca, El Jorf Lasfar, Kenitra, Mohammedia, Nador, Rabat, Safi, Tangier; also Spanish-controlled Ceuta and Melilla Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden
Radio broadcast stations AM 27, FM 25, shortwave 6 (1998) AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 6.64 million (1997) NA
Railways total: 1,907 km


standard gauge: 1,907 km 1.435-m gauge (1,003 km electrified; 540 km double-tracked) (2001)
0 km
Religions Muslim 98.7%, Christian 1.1%, Jewish 0.2% -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female


total population: 1 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
-
Suffrage 21 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment: modern system with all important capabilities; however density is low with only 4.6 main lines available for each 100 persons


domestic: good system composed of open-wire lines, cables, and microwave radio relay links; Internet available but expensive; principal switching centers are Casablanca and Rabat; national network nearly 100% digital using fiber-optic links; improved rural service employs microwave radio relay


international: 7 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Gibraltar, Spain, and Western Sahara; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria; participant in Medarabtel; fiber-optic cable link from Agadir to Algeria and Tunisia (1998)
general assessment:
probably adequate

domestic:
local telephone service

international:
satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)
Telephones - main lines in use 1.391 million (1998) NA
Telephones - mobile cellular 116,645 (1998) NA
Television broadcast stations 35 (plus 66 repeaters) (1995) NA
Terrain northern coast and interior are mountainous with large areas of bordering plateaus, intermontane valleys, and rich coastal plains wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts
Total fertility rate 2.97 children born/woman (2002 est.) NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate 23% (1999 est.) -
Waterways none none
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