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Compare Morocco (2001) - Bhutan (2007)

Compare Morocco (2001) z Bhutan (2007)

 Morocco (2001)Bhutan (2007)
 MoroccoBhutan
Administrative divisions 37 provinces and 2 wilayas*; Agadir, Al Hoceima, Azilal, Beni Mellal, Ben Slimane, Boulemane, Casablanca*, Chaouen, El Jadida, El Kelaa des Srarhna, Er Rachidia, Essaouira, Fes, Figuig, Guelmim, Ifrane, Kenitra, Khemisset, Khenifra, Khouribga, Laayoune, Larache, Marrakech, Meknes, Nador, Ouarzazate, Oujda, Rabat-Sale*, Safi, Settat, Sidi Kacem, Tanger, Tan-Tan, Taounate, Taroudannt, Tata, Taza, Tetouan, Tiznit

note:
three additional provinces of Ad Dakhla (Oued Eddahab), Boujdour, and Es Smara as well as parts of Tan-Tan and Laayoune fall within Moroccan-claimed Western Sahara; decentralization/regionalization law passed by the legislature in March 1997 creating many new provinces/regions; specific details and scope of the reorganization not yet available
20 districts (dzongkhag, singular and plural); Bumthang, Chhukha, Chirang, Daga, Gasa, Geylegphug, Ha, Lhuntshi, Mongar, Paro, Pemagatsel, Punakha, Samchi, Samdrup Jongkhar, Shemgang, Tashigang, Tashi Yangtse, Thimphu, Tongsa, Wangdi Phodrang
Age structure 0-14 years:
34.39% (male 5,368,784; female 5,170,891)

15-64 years:
60.93% (male 9,270,095; female 9,402,561)

65 years and over:
4.68% (male 646,567; female 786,407) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 38.6% (male 465,340/female 433,184)


15-64 years: 57.4% (male 688,428/female 647,134)


65 years and over: 4% (male 47,123/female 46,640) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products barley, wheat, citrus, wine, vegetables, olives; livestock rice, corn, root crops, citrus, foodgrains; dairy products, eggs
Airports 69 (2000 est.) 2 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways total:
26

over 3,047 m:
10

2,438 to 3,047 m:
5

1,524 to 2,437 m:
9

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
43

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
11

914 to 1,523 m:
20

under 914 m:
11 (2000 est.)
total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)
Area total:
446,550 sq km

land:
446,300 sq km

water:
250 sq km
total: 47,000 sq km


land: 47,000 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than California about half the size of Indiana
Background Morocco's long struggle for independence from France ended in 1956. The internationalized city of Tangier was turned over to the new country that same year. Morocco virtually annexed Western Sahara during the late 1970s, but final resolution on the status of the territory remains unresolved. Gradual political reforms in the 1990s resulted in the establishment of a bicameral legislature in 1997. In 1865, Britain and Bhutan signed the Treaty of Sinchulu, under which Bhutan would receive an annual subsidy in exchange for ceding some border land to British India. Under British influence, a monarchy was set up in 1907; three years later, a treaty was signed whereby the British agreed not to interfere in Bhutanese internal affairs and Bhutan allowed Britain to direct its foreign affairs. This role was assumed by independent India after 1947. Two years later, a formal Indo-Bhutanese accord returned the areas of Bhutan annexed by the British, formalized the annual subsidies the country received, and defined India's responsibilities in defense and foreign relations. A refugee issue of some 100,000 Bhutanese in Nepal remains unresolved; 90% of the refugees are housed in seven United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) camps. In March 2005, King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK unveiled the government's draft constitution - which would introduce major democratic reforms - and pledged to hold a national referendum for its approval. A referendum date has yet to be named, but should occur in 2008. In December 2006, the King abdicated the throne to his son, Jigme Khesar Namgyel WANGCHUCK, in order to give him experience as head of state before the democratic transition.
Birth rate 24.16 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 33.28 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget revenues:
$9.6 billion

expenditures:
$8.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $2.1 billion (2001 est.)
revenues: $272 million


expenditures: $350 million


note: the government of India finances nearly three-fifths of Bhutan's budget expenditures (2005)
Capital Rabat name: Thimphu


geographic coordinates: 27 29 N, 89 36 E


time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas
Coastline 1,835 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 10 March 1972, revised 4 September 1992, amended (to create bicameral legislature) September 1996 none; note - a draft constitution was unveiled in March 2005 and is expected to be adopted following the election of a new National Assembly in 2008
Country name conventional long form:
Kingdom of Morocco

conventional short form:
Morocco

local long form:
Al Mamlakah al Maghribiyah

local short form:
Al Maghrib
conventional long form: Kingdom of Bhutan


conventional short form: Bhutan


local long form: Druk Gyalkhap


local short form: Druk Yul
Currency Moroccan dirham (MAD) -
Death rate 5.94 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 12.46 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external $18.4 billion (2000 est.) $593 million (2004)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Edward M. GABRIEL

embassy:
2 Avenue de Mohamed El Fassi, Rabat

mailing address:
PSC 74, Box 3, APO AE 90718

telephone:
[212] (37) 76 22 65

FAX:
[212] (37) 76 56 61

consulate(s) general:
Casablanca
the US and Bhutan have no formal diplomatic relations, although informal contact is maintained between the Bhutanese and US Embassy in New Delhi (India)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Abdullah MAAROUFI

chancery:
1601 21st Street NW, Washington, DC 20009

telephone:
[1] (202) 462-7979 through 7982

FAX:
[1] (202) 265-0161

consulate(s) general:
New York
none; note - the Permanent Mission to the UN for Bhutan has consular jurisdiction in the US; address: 2 United Nations Plaza, 27th Floor, New York, NY 10017; telephone [1] (212) 826-1919; FAX [1] (212) 826-2998


consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international claims and administers Western Sahara, but sovereignty is unresolved and the UN is attempting to hold a referendum on the issue; the UN-administered cease-fire has been in effect since September 1991; Spain controls five places of sovereignty (plazas de soberania) on and off the coast of Morocco - the coastal enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla which Morocco contests, as well as the islands of Penon de Alhucemas, Penon de Velez de la Gomera, and Islas Chafarinas over 100,000 Bhutanese Lhotshampas (Hindus) have been confined in seven UN Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees camps since 1990; Bhutan cooperates with India to expel Indian Nagaland separatists; lacking any treaty describing the boundary, Bhutan and China continue negotiations to establish a boundary alignment to resolve substantial cartographic discrepancies, the largest of which lies in Bhutan's northwest
Economic aid - recipient $565.6 million (1995) $90.02 million; note - substantial aid from India (2005)
Economy - overview Morocco faces the problems typical of developing countries - restraining government spending, reducing constraints on private activity and foreign trade, and achieving sustainable economic growth. Following structural adjustment programs supported by the IMF, World Bank, and the Paris Club, the dirham is now fully convertible for current account transactions, and reforms of the financial sector have been implemented. Drought conditions depressed activity in the key agricultural sector and contributed to a stagnant economy in 1999 and 2000. During that time, however, Morocco reported large foreign exchange inflows from the sale of a mobile telephone license and partial privatization of the state-owned telecommunications company. Favorable rainfalls have led Morocco to predict a growth of 1% for 2001. Formidable long-term challenges include: servicing the external debt; preparing the economy for freer trade with the EU; and improving education and attracting foreign investment to boost living standards and job prospects for Morocco's youthful population. The economy, one of the world's smallest and least developed, is based on agriculture and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for more than 60% of the population. Agriculture consists largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive. The economy is closely aligned with India's through strong trade and monetary links and dependence on India's financial assistance. The industrial sector is technologically backward, with most production of the cottage industry type. Most development projects, such as road construction, rely on Indian migrant labor. Bhutan's hydropower potential and its attraction for tourists are key resources. Model education, social, and environment programs are underway with support from multilateral development organizations. Each economic program takes into account the government's desire to protect the country's environment and cultural traditions. For example, the government, in its cautious expansion of the tourist sector, encourages visits by upscale, environmentally conscientious tourists. Detailed controls and uncertain policies in areas such as industrial licensing, trade, labor, and finance continue to hamper foreign investment.
Electricity - consumption 13.441 billion kWh (1999) 380 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 1.5 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports 705 million kWh (1999) 20 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - production 13.695 billion kWh (1999) 2 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
89.19%

hydro:
10.81%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Sebkha Tah -55 m

highest point:
Jbel Toubkal 4,165 m
lowest point: Drangme Chhu 97 m


highest point: Kula Kangri 7,553 m
Environment - current issues land degradation/desertification (soil erosion resulting from farming of marginal areas, overgrazing, destruction of vegetation); water supplies contaminated by raw sewage; siltation of reservoirs; oil pollution of coastal waters soil erosion; limited access to potable water
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups Arab-Berber 99.1%, other 0.7%, Jewish 0.2% Bhote 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35% (includes Lhotsampas - one of several Nepalese ethnic groups), indigenous or migrant tribes 15%
Exchange rates Moroccan dirhams per US dollar - 10.590 (January 2001), 10.626 (2000), 9.804 (1999), 9.604 (1998), 9.527 (1997), 8.716 (1996) ngultrum per US dollar - 45.279 (2006), 44.101 (2005), 45.317 (2004), 46.583 (2003), 48.61 (2002)


note: the ngultrum is pegged to the Indian rupee
Executive branch chief of state:
King MOHAMED VI (since 23 July 1999)

head of government:
Prime Minister Abderrahmane YOUSSOUFI (since 14 March 1998)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch following legislative elections
chief of state: King Jigme Khesar Namgyel WANGCHUCK (since 14 December 2006); note - King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK abdicated the throne on 14 December 2006 and his son immediately succeeded him


head of government: Prime Minister Kinzang DORJI (since August 2007)


cabinet: Council of Ministers (Lhengye Shungtsog) nominated by the monarch, approved by the National Assembly; members serve fixed, five-year terms; note - there is also a Royal Advisory Council (Lodoi Tsokde), members nominated by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary, but democratic reforms in July 1998 grant the National Assembly authority to remove the monarch with two-thirds vote; election of a new National Assembly is expected in 2008
Exports $7.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities phosphates and fertilizers, food and beverages, minerals electricity (to India), cardamom, gypsum, timber, handicrafts, cement, fruit, precious stones, spices
Exports - partners France 35%, Spain 9%, UK 8%, Germany 7%, US 5% (1999) India 54.5%, Hong Kong 34.6%, Bangladesh 6.9% (2006)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 July - 30 June
Flag description red with a green pentacle (five-pointed, linear star) known as Solomon's seal in the center of the flag; green is the traditional color of Islam divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper triangle is yellow and the lower triangle is orange; centered along the dividing line is a large black and white dragon facing away from the hoist side
GDP purchasing power parity - $105 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
15%

industry:
33%

services:
52% (1999 est.)
agriculture: 24.7%


industry: 37.2%


services: 38.1% (2005)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $3,500 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 0.8% (2000 est.) 8.8% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates 32 00 N, 5 00 W 27 30 N, 90 30 E
Geography - note strategic location along Strait of Gibraltar landlocked; strategic location between China and India; controls several key Himalayan mountain passes
Heliports 1 (2000 est.) -
Highways total:
57,847 km

paved:
30,254 km (including 327 km of expressways)

unpaved:
27,593 km (1998)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
2.6%

highest 10%:
30.9% (1998-99)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs illicit producer of hashish; trafficking on the increase for both domestic and international drug markets; shipments of hashish mostly directed to Western Europe; transit point for cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe -
Imports $12.2 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.) NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities semiprocessed goods, machinery and equipment, food and beverages, consumer goods, fuel fuel and lubricants, grain, aircraft, machinery and parts, vehicles, fabrics, rice
Imports - partners France 32%, Spain 12%, Italy 7%, Germany 6%, UK 6% (1999) India 76%, Japan 5.5%, Germany 3.2% (2006)
Independence 2 March 1956 (from France) 8 August 1949 (from India)
Industrial production growth rate 0.5% (1999 est.) 9.3% (1996 est.)
Industries phosphate rock mining and processing, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, tourism cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide, tourism
Infant mortality rate 48.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 96.37 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 94.09 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 98.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2% (2000 est.) 5.5% (2005 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, ACCT (associate), AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CCC, EBRD, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO AsDB, BIMSTEC, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, NAM, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 8 (2000) -
Irrigated land 12,580 sq km (1993 est.) 400 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed on the recommendation of the Supreme Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the monarch) Supreme Court of Appeal (the monarch); High Court (judges appointed by the monarch)
Labor force 11 million (1997 est.) NA


note: major shortage of skilled labor
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 50%, services 35%, industry 15% (1999 est.) agriculture: 63%


industry: 6%


services: 31% (2004 est.)
Land boundaries total:
2,017.9 km

border countries:
Algeria 1,559 km, Western Sahara 443 km, Spain (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Spain (Melilla) 9.6 km
total: 1,075 km


border countries: China 470 km, India 605 km
Land use arable land:
21%

permanent crops:
1%

permanent pastures:
47%

forests and woodland:
20%

other:
11% (1993 est.)
arable land: 2.3%


permanent crops: 0.43%


other: 97.27% (2005)
Languages Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often the language of business, government, and diplomacy Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects, Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects
Legal system based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of Supreme Court based on Indian law and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament consists of an upper house or Chamber of Counselors (270 seats; members elected indirectly by local councils, professional organizations, and labor syndicates for nine-year terms; one-third of the members are renewed every three years) and a lower house or Chamber of Representatives (325 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)

elections:
Chamber of Counselors - last held 15 September 2000 (next to be held NA 2002); Chamber of Representatives - last held 14 November 1997 (next to be held NA November 2002)

election results:
Chamber of Counselors - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - USFP 57, UC 50, RNI 46, MP 40, MDS 32, IP 32, MNP 19, PND 10, MPCD 9, PPS 9, FFD 9, PSD 5, OADP 4, PA 2, PDI 1

note:
CDT, UTM, UGTM, UNMT are all labor unions listed under Political pressure groups and leaders; see explanation in the description of Parliament
unicameral National Assembly or Tshogdu (150 seats; 105 members elected from village constituencies, 10 represent religious bodies, and 35 are designated by the monarch to represent government and other secular interests; to serve three-year terms)


elections: first election to be held in 2008; note - local elections last held August 2005 (next to be held in 2008)


election results: NA
Life expectancy at birth total population:
69.43 years

male:
67.2 years

female:
71.76 years (2001 est.)
total population: 55.17 years


male: 55.38 years


female: 54.96 years (2007 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
43.7%

male:
56.6%

female:
31% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 47%


male: 60%


female: 34% (2003 est.)
Location Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Western Sahara Southern Asia, between China and India
Map references Africa Asia
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total:
41 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 223,052 GRT/272,786 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 9, chemical tanker 6, container 5, petroleum tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 9, roll on/roll off 8, short-sea passenger 1 (2000 est.)
-
Military branches Royal Armed Forces (includes Army, Navy, Air Force), Gendarmerie, Auxiliary Forces Royal Bhutan Army: Royal Bodyguard, Royal Bhutan Police (2005)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $1.4 billion (FY99/00) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 4% (FY99/00) 1% (2005 est.)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
8,182,073 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
5,160,374 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
348,380 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Throne Day (accession of King MOHAMED VI to the throne), 30 July (1999) National Day (Ugyen WANGCHUCK became first hereditary king), 17 December (1907)
Nationality noun:
Moroccan(s)

adjective:
Moroccan
noun: Bhutanese (singular and plural)


adjective: Bhutanese
Natural hazards northern mountains geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts violent storms from the Himalayas are the source of the country's name, which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season
Natural resources phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, fish, salt timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbonate
Net migration rate -1.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 362 km; petroleum products 491 km (abandoned); natural gas 241 km -
Political parties and leaders Action Party or PA [Muhammad IDRISS]; Constitutional Union or UC [leader NA]; Democratic Forces Front or FFD [Thami KHIARI]; Democratic Socialist Party or PSD [Issa OUARDIGHI]; Democratic Party for Independence or PDI [Thami EL-OUAZZANI, Said BOUACHRINE]; Istiqlal Party or IP [Abbas El-FASSI]; Labor Party or UT [leader NA]; National Democratic Party or PND [Mohamed Arsalane EL-JADIDI]; National Popular Movement or MNP [Mahjoubi AHERDANE]; National Rally of Independents or RNI [Ahmed OSMAN]; Organization of Democratic and Popular Action or OADP [Mohamed BEN SAID ait Idder]; Party of Progress and Socialism or PPS [Moulay Ismail ALAOUI]; Popular Constitutional and Democratic Movement or MPCD (has become Party of Justice and Development or PJD) [Dr. Abdelkarim KHATIB]; Popular Movement or MP [Mohamed LAENSER]; Social Democratic Movement or MDS [Mahmoud ARCHANE]; Socialist Union of Popular Forces or USFP [Abd ar-Rahman EL-YOUSSOUFI] no legal parties
Political pressure groups and leaders Association of Popular Trade Unions or ADP [leader NA]; Democratic Confederation of Labor or CDT [Noubir AMAOUI]; Democratic National Trade Union or USND [leader NA]; Democratic Trade Union or SD [leader NA]; General Union of Moroccan Workers or UGTM [Abderrazzak AFILAL]; Labor Union Commissions or CS [leader NA]; Moroccan National Workers Union or UNMT [leader NA]; Moroccan Union of Workers or UTM [Mahjoub BENSEDIQ]; Party of Shura and Istiqla [Abdelwaheb MAASH] Buddhist clergy; ethnic Nepalese organizations leading militant antigovernment campaign; Indian merchant community; United Front for Democracy (exiled)
Population 30,645,305 (July 2001 est.) 2,327,849


note: the Factbook population estimate is inconsistent with the 2005 Bhutan census results; both data are being reviewed and when completed, the results will be posted on The World Factbook Web site (https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook) later this year (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line 19% (1999 est.) 31.7% (2003)
Population growth rate 1.71% (2001 est.) 2.082% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors Agadir, El Jadida, Casablanca, El Jorf Lasfar, Kenitra, Mohammedia, Nador, Rabat, Safi, Tangier; also Spanish-controlled Ceuta and Melilla -
Radio broadcast stations AM 27, FM 25, shortwave 6 (1998) AM 0, FM 9, shortwave 1 (2006)
Radios 6.64 million (1997) -
Railways total:
1,907 km

standard gauge:
1,907 km 1.435-m gauge (1,003 km electrified; 540 km double track)
-
Religions Muslim 98.7%, Christian 1.1%, Jewish 0.2% Lamaistic Buddhist 75%, Indian- and Nepalese-influenced Hinduism 25%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.82 male(s)/female

total population:
1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.074 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.064 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female


total population: 1.066 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage 21 years of age; universal each family has one vote in village-level elections
Telephone system general assessment:
modern system with all important capabilities; however density is low with only 4.6 main lines available for each 100 persons

domestic:
good system composed of open-wire lines, cables, and microwave radio relay links; Internet available but expensive; principal switching centers are Casablanca and Rabat; national network nearly 100% digital using fiber-optic links; improved rural service employs microwave radio relay

international:
7 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Gibraltar, Spain, and Western Sahara; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria; participant in Medarabtel; fiber-optic cable link from Agadir to Algeria and Tunisia (1998)
general assessment: telecommunications facilities are poor


domestic: very low teledensity; domestic service is very poor especially in rural areas; wireless service available since 2003


international: country code - 975; international telephone and telegraph service via landline and microwave relay through India; satellite earth station - 1 (2005)
Telephones - main lines in use 1.391 million (1998) 31,500 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular 116,645 (1998) 82,100 (2006)
Television broadcast stations 35 (plus 66 repeaters) (1995) 1 (2006)
Terrain northern coast and interior are mountainous with large areas of bordering plateaus, intermontane valleys, and rich coastal plains mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna
Total fertility rate 3.05 children born/woman (2001 est.) 4.67 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate 23% (1999 est.) 2.5% (2004)
Waterways none -
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