Compare Montenegro (2007) - Tokelau (2004)

Compare Montenegro (2007) z Tokelau (2004)

	Montenegro (2007)	Tokelau (2004)

Administrative divisions	21 municipalities (opstini, singular - opstina); Andrijevica, Bar, Berane, Bijelo Polje, Budva, Cetinje, Danilovgrad, Herceg Novi, Kolasin, Kotor, Mojkovac, Niksic, Plav, Pluzine, Pljevlja, Podgorica, Rozaje, Savnik, Tivat, Ulcinj, Zabljak	none (territory of New Zealand)
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 42% 15-64 years: 53% 65 years and over: 5% (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	grains, tobacco, potatoes, citrus fruits, olives, grapes; sheepherding; commercial fishing negligible	coconuts, copra, breadfruit, papayas, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats
Airports	5 (2007)	none; lagoon landings are possible by amphibious aircraft (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)	-
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2007)	-
Area	total: 14,026 sq km land: 13,812 sq km water: 214 sq km	total: 10 sq km land: 10 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Connecticut	about 17 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	The use of the name Montenegro began in the 15th century when the Crnojevic dynasty began to rule the Serbian principality of Zeta; over subsequent centuries Montenegro was able to maintain its independence from the Ottoman Empire. From the 16th to 19th centuries, Montenegro became a theocracy ruled by a series of bishop princes; in 1852, it was transformed into a secular principality. After World War I, Montenegro was absorbed by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929; at the conclusion of World War II, it became a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. When the latter dissolved in 1992, Montenegro federated with Serbia, first as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and, after 2003, in a looser union of Serbia and Montenegro. In May 2006, Montenegro invoked its right under the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro to hold a referendum on independence from the state union. The vote for severing ties with Serbia exceeded 55% - the threshold set by the EU - allowing Montenegro to formally declare its independence on 3 June 2006.	Originally settled by Polynesian emigrants from surrounding island groups, the Tokelau Islands were made a British protectorate in 1889. They were transferred to New Zealand administration in 1925.
Birth rate	11.18 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	NA births/1,000 population
Budget	revenues: NA expenditures: NA	revenues: $430,800 expenditures: $2.8 million, including capital expenditures of $37,300 (1987 est.)
Capital	name: Podgorica (administrative capital) geographic coordinates: 42 26 N, 19 16 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1 hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October note: Cetinje (capital city)	none; each atoll has its own administrative center
Climate	Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland	tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)
Coastline	293.5 km	101 km
Constitution	12 October 1992 (was approved by the Assembly); note - Montenegro is currently writing a new constitution set to be presented to Parliament in spring 2007	administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948, as amended in 1970
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Montenegro conventional short form: Montenegro local long form: Republika Crna Gora local short form: Crna Gora former: People's Republic of Montenegro, Socialist Republic of Montenegro	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Tokelau
Currency	-	New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Death rate	8.39 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external	$NA	$0
Dependency status	-	self-administering territory of New Zealand; note - Tokelauans are drafting a constitution and developing institutions and patterns of self-government as Tokelau moves toward free association with New Zealand
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Roderick W. MOORE embassy: Ljubljanska bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [382] 81 225 417 FAX: [382] 81 241 358	none (territory of New Zealand)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Miodrag VLAHOVIC chancery: 1610 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 234-6108 FAX: [1] (202) 234-6109	none (territory of New Zealand)
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	$NA	from New Zealand about $4 million annually
Economy - overview	The republic of Montenegro severed its economy from federal control and from Serbia during the MILOSEVIC era and maintained its own central bank, used the euro instead of the Yugoslav dinar as official currency, collected customs tariffs, and managed its own budget. The dissolution of the loose political union between Serbia and Montenegro in 2006 led to separate membership in several international financial institutions, such as the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. On 18 January 2007, Montenegro joined the World Bank and IMF. Montenegro is pursuing its own membership in the World Trade Organization as well as negotiating a Stabilization and Association agreement with the European Union in anticipation of eventual membership. Severe unemployment remains a key political and economic problem for this entire region. Montenegro has privatized its large aluminum complex - the dominant industry - as well as most of its financial sector, and has begun to attract foreign direct investment in the tourism sector.	Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The people rely heavily on aid from New Zealand - about $4 million annually - to maintain public services, with annual aid being substantially greater than GDP. The principal sources of revenue come from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand.
Electricity - consumption	18.6 million kWh (2005)	NA kWh
Electricity - production	2.864 billion kWh (2005 est.)	NA kWh
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Bobotov Kuk 2,522 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 5 m
Environment - current issues	pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor	very limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand
Environment - international agreements	party to: Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ship Pollution	-
Ethnic groups	Montenegrin 43%, Serbian 32%, Bosniak 8%, Albanian 5%, other (Muslims, Croats, Roma (Gypsy)) 12%	Polynesian
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8089 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002)	New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.7229 (2003), 2.154 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Filip VUJANOVIC (since 11 May 2003) head of government: Prime Minister Zeljko STURANOVIC (since 13 November 2006) cabinet: Ministries act as cabinet elections: president elected by direct vote for five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 11 May 2003 (next to be held in 2008); prime minister proposed by president, accepted by Assembly election results: Filip VUJANOVIC elected on the third round; Filip VUJANOVIC 63.3%, Miodrag ZIVKOVIC 30.8%	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by Administrator Neil WALTER (since NA 2002) head of government: Aliki Faipule Kuresa NASAU (since 2004) note - position rotates annually among members of the cabinet cabinet: the Council of Faipule, consisting of three elected leaders - one from each atoll - functions as a cabinet elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; the head of government is chosen from the Council of Faipule and serves a one-year term
Exports	$171.3 million (2003)	$98,000 f.o.b. (1983)
Exports - commodities	-	stamps, copra, handicrafts
Exports - partners	Switzerland 83.9%, Italy 6.1%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.3% (2006)	New Zealand (2000)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	a red field bordered by a narrow golden-yellow stripe with the Montenegrin coat of arms centered	the flag of New Zealand is used
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $1.5 million (1993 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $1,000 (1993 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	NA
Geographic coordinates	42 30 N, 19 18 E	9 00 S, 172 00 W
Geography - note	strategic location along the Adriatic coast	consists of three atolls, each with a lagoon surrounded by a number of reef-bound islets of varying length and rising to over three meters above sea level
Heliports	1 (2007)	-
Highways	-	total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Imports	$601.7 million (2003)	$323,000 c.i.f. (1983)
Imports - commodities	-	foodstuffs, building materials, fuel
Imports - partners	Greece 10.2%, Italy 10.2%, Germany 9.6%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 9.2% (2006)	New Zealand (2000)
Independence	3 June 2006 (from Serbia and Montenegro)	none (territory of New Zealand)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA
Industries	steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism	small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing
Infant mortality rate	-	total: NA male: NA female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3.4% (2004)	NA
International organization participation	CE, CEI, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICCt, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)	UNESCO (associate), UPU
Irrigated land	NA	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Constitutional Court (five judges with nine-year terms); Supreme Court (judges have life tenure)	Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in Tokelau
Labor force	259,100 (2004)	NA
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 2% industry: 30% services: 68% (2004 est.)	-
Land boundaries	total: 625 km border countries: Albania 172 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 225 km, Croatia 25 km, Serbia 203 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 13.7% permanent crops: 1% other: 85.3%	arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile) permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Languages	Serbian (official; Ijekavian dialect), Bosnian, Albanian, Croatian	Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English
Legal system	based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	New Zealand and local statutes
Legislative branch	unicameral Assembly (81 seats; members elected by direct vote for four-year terms; changed from 74 seats in 2006) elections: last held 10 September 2006 (next to be held 2010) election results: percent of vote by party - Coalition for European Montenegro 40.6%, Serbian List 15.3%, Coalition SNP-NS-DSS 14.8%, PZP 13.9%, Liberals and Bosniaks 3.8%, other (including Albanian minority parties) 11.6%; seats by party - Coalition for European Montenegro 39, Serbian List 12, Coalition SNP/NS/DSS 11, PZP 11, Liberals and Bosniaks 3, Albanian minority parties 5	unicameral General Fono (48 seats; 15 members from each of the three islands elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms and the 3 island village mayors [pulenuku]); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers limited legislative power on the General Fono
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: NA years male: 68 years female: 70 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	-	NA
Location	Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia	Oceania, group of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references	Europe	Oceania
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: defined by treaty	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	total: 4 ships (1000 GRT or over) 9,458 GRT/10,172 DWT by type: cargo 4 registered in other countries: 3 (Bahamas 2, St Vincent and The Grenadines 1) (2007)	none
Military - note	Montenegrin plans call for the establishment of a fully professional armed forces	defense is the responsibility of New Zealand
National holiday	National Day, 13 July (1878)	Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Nationality	noun: Montenegrin(s) adjective: Montenegrin	noun: Tokelauan(s) adjective: Tokelauan
Natural hazards	destructive earthquakes	lies in Pacific typhoon belt
Natural resources	bauxite, hydroelectricity	NEGL
Net migration rate	-	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Political parties and leaders	Albanian Alternative or AA [Vesel SINISHTAJ]; Bosniak Party or BS [Rafet HUSOVIC]; Coalition for European Montenegro or DPS-SDP (bloc) [Milo DUKANOVIC] (includes DPS and SDP); Coalition SNP-NS-DSS (bloc) (includes SNP, NS, and DSS); Democratic League-Party of Democratic Prosperity or SPP [Mehmet BARHDI]; Democratic Party of Socialists or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC]; Democratic Serbian Party of Montenegro or DSS [Ranko KADIC]; Democratic Union of Albanians or DUA [Ferhat DINOSA]; Liberal Party of Montenegro or LP [Miodrag ZIVKOVIC]; Liberals and the Bosniak Party (bloc) [Miodrag ZIVKOVIC] (includes LP and BS); Movement for Changes or PZP [Nebojsa MEDOJEVIC]; Party of Serb Radicals or SSR [Dusko SEKULIC]; People's Party of Montenegro or NS [Predrag POPOVIC]; People's Socialist Party or NSS [Emilo LABUDOVIC]; Serbian List (bloc) [Andrija MANDIC] (includes SSR, NSS, and SNS); Serbian People's Party of Montenegro or SNS [Andrija MANDIC]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC]; Socialist People's Party or SNP [Srdjan MILIC]	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	none
Population	684,736 (July 2007 est.)	1,405 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	12.2% (2003)	NA
Population growth rate	-1% (2007 est.)	-0.01% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations	31 (station types NA) (2004)	AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA note: each atoll has a radio broadcast station of unknown type that broadcasts shipping and weather reports (1998)
Railways	total: 250 km standard gauge: 250 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified 169 km) (2006)	-
Religions	Orthodox, Muslim, Roman Catholic	Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2% note: on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant
Sex ratio	-	NA
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	21 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: modern telecommunications system with access to European satellites domestic: GSM wireless service, available through 2 providers with national coverage, is growing rapidly international: country code - 382 (the old code of 381 used by Serbia and Montenegro will also remain in use until Feb 2007); 2 international switches connect the national system	general assessment: adequate domestic: radiotelephone service between islands international: country code - 690; radiotelephone service to Samoa; government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok), with 3 satellite earth stations, established in 1997
Telephones - main lines in use	353,300 (2006)	300 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	821,800 (2006)	0 (2001)
Television broadcast stations	13 (2004)	-
Terrain	highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus	low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons
Total fertility rate	-	NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate	27.7% (2005)	NA

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