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Compare Montenegro (2007) - Sweden (2002)

Compare Montenegro (2007) z Sweden (2002)

 Montenegro (2007)Sweden (2002)
 MontenegroSweden
Administrative divisions 21 municipalities (opstini, singular - opstina); Andrijevica, Bar, Berane, Bijelo Polje, Budva, Cetinje, Danilovgrad, Herceg Novi, Kolasin, Kotor, Mojkovac, Niksic, Plav, Pluzine, Pljevlja, Podgorica, Rozaje, Savnik, Tivat, Ulcinj, Zabljak 21 counties (lan, singular and plural); Blekinge, Dalarnas, Gavleborgs, Gotlands, Hallands, Jamtlands, Jonkopings, Kalmar, Kronobergs, Norrbottens, Orebro, Ostergotlands, Skane, Sodermanlands, Stockholms, Uppsala, Varmlands, Vasterbottens, Vasternorrlands, Vastmanlands, Vastra Gotalands
Age structure - 0-14 years: 18% (male 817,688; female 776,018)


15-64 years: 64.7% (male 2,922,095; female 2,824,770)


65 years and over: 17.3% (male 651,120; female 885,053) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products grains, tobacco, potatoes, citrus fruits, olives, grapes; sheepherding; commercial fishing negligible barley, wheat, sugar beets; meat, milk
Airports 5 (2007) 255 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
total: 145


over 3,047 m: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 11


1,524 to 2,437 m: 82


914 to 1,523 m: 24


under 914 m: 25 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2007)
total: 100


914 to 1,523 m: 10


under 914 m: 90 (2002)
Area total: 14,026 sq km


land: 13,812 sq km


water: 214 sq km
total: 449,964 sq km


land: 410,934 sq km


water: 39,030 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Connecticut slightly larger than California
Background The use of the name Montenegro began in the 15th century when the Crnojevic dynasty began to rule the Serbian principality of Zeta; over subsequent centuries Montenegro was able to maintain its independence from the Ottoman Empire. From the 16th to 19th centuries, Montenegro became a theocracy ruled by a series of bishop princes; in 1852, it was transformed into a secular principality. After World War I, Montenegro was absorbed by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929; at the conclusion of World War II, it became a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. When the latter dissolved in 1992, Montenegro federated with Serbia, first as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and, after 2003, in a looser union of Serbia and Montenegro. In May 2006, Montenegro invoked its right under the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro to hold a referendum on independence from the state union. The vote for severing ties with Serbia exceeded 55% - the threshold set by the EU - allowing Montenegro to formally declare its independence on 3 June 2006. A military power during the 17th century, Sweden has not participated in any war in almost two centuries. An armed neutrality was preserved in both World Wars. Sweden's long-successful economic formula of a capitalist system interlarded with substantial welfare elements was challenged in the 1990s by high unemployment, rising maintenance costs, and a declining position in world markets. Indecision over the country's role in the political and economic integration of Europe delayed Sweden's entry into the EU until 1995, and waived the introduction of the euro in 1999.
Birth rate 11.18 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 9.81 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues: NA


expenditures: NA
revenues: $119 billion


expenditures: $110 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
Capital name: Podgorica (administrative capital)


geographic coordinates: 42 26 N, 19 16 E


time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1 hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October


note: Cetinje (capital city)
Stockholm
Climate Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north
Coastline 293.5 km 3,218 km
Constitution 12 October 1992 (was approved by the Assembly); note - Montenegro is currently writing a new constitution set to be presented to Parliament in spring 2007 1 January 1975
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Montenegro


conventional short form: Montenegro


local long form: Republika Crna Gora


local short form: Crna Gora


former: People's Republic of Montenegro, Socialist Republic of Montenegro
conventional long form: Kingdom of Sweden


conventional short form: Sweden


local long form: Konungariket Sverige


local short form: Sverige
Currency - Swedish krona (SEK)
Death rate 8.39 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 10.6 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $NA $66.5 billion (1994) (1994)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Roderick W. MOORE


embassy: Ljubljanska bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro


mailing address: use embassy street address


telephone: [382] 81 225 417


FAX: [382] 81 241 358
chief of mission: Ambassador Charles A. HEIMBOLD, Jr.


embassy: Dag Hammarskjolds VAG 31, SE-11589 Stockholm


mailing address: American Embassy Stockholm, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5750 (pouch)


telephone: [46] (08) 783 53 00


FAX: [46] (08) 661 19 64
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Miodrag VLAHOVIC


chancery: 1610 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20009


telephone: [1] (202) 234-6108


FAX: [1] (202) 234-6109
chief of mission: Ambassador Jan ELIASSON


chancery: 1501 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20005-1702


telephone: [1] (202) 467-2600


FAX: [1] (202) 467-2699


consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - donor - ODA, $1.7 billion (1997) (1997)
Economic aid - recipient $NA -
Economy - overview The republic of Montenegro severed its economy from federal control and from Serbia during the MILOSEVIC era and maintained its own central bank, used the euro instead of the Yugoslav dinar as official currency, collected customs tariffs, and managed its own budget. The dissolution of the loose political union between Serbia and Montenegro in 2006 led to separate membership in several international financial institutions, such as the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. On 18 January 2007, Montenegro joined the World Bank and IMF. Montenegro is pursuing its own membership in the World Trade Organization as well as negotiating a Stabilization and Association agreement with the European Union in anticipation of eventual membership. Severe unemployment remains a key political and economic problem for this entire region. Montenegro has privatized its large aluminum complex - the dominant industry - as well as most of its financial sector, and has begun to attract foreign direct investment in the tourism sector. Aided by peace and neutrality for the whole 20th century, Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living under a mixed system of high-tech capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. It has a modern distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a skilled labor force. Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy heavily oriented toward foreign trade. Privately owned firms account for about 90% of industrial output, of which the engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports. Agriculture accounts for only 2% of GDP and 2% of the jobs. The government's commitment to fiscal discipline resulted in a substantial budgetary surplus in 2001, which was cut by more than half in 2002, due to the global economic slowdown, revenue declines, and spending increases. The Swedish central bank (the Riksbank) is focusing on price stability with its inflation target of 2%. Growth should pick up to 2.3% in 2003, assuming a moderate global recovery.
Electricity - consumption 18.6 million kWh (2005) 139.18 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports - 13.628 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports - 18.306 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 2.864 billion kWh (2005 est.) 144.62 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 6%


hydro: 54%


nuclear: 37%


other: 3% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m


highest point: Bobotov Kuk 2,522 m
lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m


highest point: Kebnekaise 2,111 m
Environment - current issues pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor acid rain damage to soils and lakes; pollution of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea
Environment - international agreements party to: Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ship Pollution party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups Montenegrin 43%, Serbian 32%, Bosniak 8%, Albanian 5%, other (Muslims, Croats, Roma (Gypsy)) 12% indigenous population: Swedes and Finnish and Sami minorities; foreign-born or first-generation immigrants: Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8089 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002) Swedish kronor per US dollar - 10.4381 (January 2002), 10.3291 (2001), 9.1622 (2000), 8.2624 (1999), 7.9499 (1998), 7.6349 (1997)
Executive branch chief of state: President Filip VUJANOVIC (since 11 May 2003)


head of government: Prime Minister Zeljko STURANOVIC (since 13 November 2006)


cabinet: Ministries act as cabinet


elections: president elected by direct vote for five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 11 May 2003 (next to be held in 2008); prime minister proposed by president, accepted by Assembly


election results: Filip VUJANOVIC elected on the third round; Filip VUJANOVIC 63.3%, Miodrag ZIVKOVIC 30.8%
chief of state: King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 19 September 1973); Heir Apparent Princess VICTORIA Ingrid Alice Desiree, daughter of the monarch (born 14 July 1977)


head of government: Prime Minister Goran PERSSON (since 21 March 1996)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister


elections: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the prime minister is elected by the Parliament; election last held 15 September 2002 (next to be held NA September 2006)


election results: Goran PERSSON reelected prime minister with 131 out of 349 votes
Exports $171.3 million (2003) $80.6 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Exports - commodities - machinery 35%, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals
Exports - partners Switzerland 83.9%, Italy 6.1%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.3% (2006) EU 54.6% (Germany 10.6%, UK 8.8%, Denmark 6.1%, Finland 5.7%), US 10.5%, Norway 8.6% (2001)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description a red field bordered by a narrow golden-yellow stripe with the Montenegrin coat of arms centered blue with a golden yellow cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
GDP - purchasing power parity - $227.4 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture: 2%


industry: 29%


services: 69% (2001)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $25,400 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% 1.8% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 42 30 N, 19 18 E 62 00 N, 15 00 E
Geography - note strategic location along the Adriatic coast strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas
Heliports 1 (2007) 2 (2002)
Highways - total: 210,760 km


paved: 162,707 km (including 1,428 km of expressways)


unpaved: 48,053 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: 4%


highest 10%: 20% (1992) (1992)
Imports $601.7 million (2003) $68.6 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Imports - commodities - machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs, clothing
Imports - partners Greece 10.2%, Italy 10.2%, Germany 9.6%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 9.2% (2006) EU 66.3% (Germany 17.8%, UK 8.7%, Denmark 8.2%, Netherlands 6.9%, France 6.5%), Norway 8.5%, US 6.7% (2001)
Independence 3 June 2006 (from Serbia and Montenegro) 6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king)
Industrial production growth rate - 0.9% (2002 est.)
Industries steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles
Infant mortality rate - 3.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.4% (2004) 2.2% (2002 est.)
International organization participation CE, CEI, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICCt, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer) AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 6, G- 9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOGIP, UNMOP, UNOMIG, UNTAET, UNTSO, UPU, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 29 (2000)
Irrigated land NA 1,150 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Constitutional Court (five judges with nine-year terms); Supreme Court (judges have life tenure) Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by the prime minister and the cabinet)
Labor force 259,100 (2004) 4.4 million (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 2%


industry: 30%


services: 68% (2004 est.)
agriculture 2%, industry 24%, services 74% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total: 625 km


border countries: Albania 172 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 225 km, Croatia 25 km, Serbia 203 km
total: 2,205 km


border countries: Finland 586 km, Norway 1,619 km
Land use arable land: 13.7%


permanent crops: 1%


other: 85.3%
arable land: 6.8%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 93.2% (1998 est.)
Languages Serbian (official; Ijekavian dialect), Bosnian, Albanian, Croatian Swedish


note: small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Legal system based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction civil law system influenced by customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral Assembly (81 seats; members elected by direct vote for four-year terms; changed from 74 seats in 2006)


elections: last held 10 September 2006 (next to be held 2010)


election results: percent of vote by party - Coalition for European Montenegro 40.6%, Serbian List 15.3%, Coalition SNP-NS-DSS 14.8%, PZP 13.9%, Liberals and Bosniaks 3.8%, other (including Albanian minority parties) 11.6%; seats by party - Coalition for European Montenegro 39, Serbian List 12, Coalition SNP/NS/DSS 11, PZP 11, Liberals and Bosniaks 3, Albanian minority parties 5
unicameral Parliament or Riksdag (349 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 15 September 2002 (next to be held NA September 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - Social Democrats 39.8%, Moderates 15.2%, Liberal Party 13.3%, Christian Democrats 9.1%, Left Party 8.3%, Center Party 6.1%, Greens 4.6%; seats by party - Social Democrats 144, Moderates 55, Liberal Party 48, Christian Democrats 33, Left Party 30, Center Party 22, Greens 17
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 79.84 years


male: 77.19 years


female: 82.64 years (2002 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99% (1979 est.)


male: NA%


female: NA%
Location Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway
Map references Europe Europe
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


continental shelf: defined by treaty
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive economic zone: agreed boundaries or midlines


territorial sea: 12 NM (adjustments made to return a portion of straits to high seas)
Merchant marine total: 4 ships (1000 GRT or over) 9,458 GRT/10,172 DWT


by type: cargo 4


registered in other countries: 3 (Bahamas 2, St Vincent and The Grenadines 1) (2007)
total: 174 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,255,344 GRT/1,609,844 DWT


ships by type: bulk 5, cargo 37, chemical tanker 33, combination ore/oil 4, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 27, railcar carrier 1, roll on/roll off 38, short-sea passenger 4, specialized tanker 6, vehicle carrier 18


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Denmark 8, Finland 8, Germany 3, Italy 3, Japan 2, Norway 7 (2002 est.)
Military - note Montenegrin plans call for the establishment of a fully professional armed forces -
Military branches - Army, Royal Navy (including Coast Artillery and Naval Helicopter Service), Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $4,395.1 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 2.1% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 2,060,205 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 1,800,991 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age - NA
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 51,506 (2002 est.)
National holiday National Day, 13 July (1878) Flag Day, 6 June
Nationality noun: Montenegrin(s)


adjective: Montenegrin
noun: Swede(s)


adjective: Swedish
Natural hazards destructive earthquakes ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic
Natural resources bauxite, hydroelectricity zinc, iron ore, lead, copper, silver, timber, uranium, hydropower
Net migration rate - 0.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines - natural gas 84 km
Political parties and leaders Albanian Alternative or AA [Vesel SINISHTAJ]; Bosniak Party or BS [Rafet HUSOVIC]; Coalition for European Montenegro or DPS-SDP (bloc) [Milo DUKANOVIC] (includes DPS and SDP); Coalition SNP-NS-DSS (bloc) (includes SNP, NS, and DSS); Democratic League-Party of Democratic Prosperity or SPP [Mehmet BARHDI]; Democratic Party of Socialists or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC]; Democratic Serbian Party of Montenegro or DSS [Ranko KADIC]; Democratic Union of Albanians or DUA [Ferhat DINOSA]; Liberal Party of Montenegro or LP [Miodrag ZIVKOVIC]; Liberals and the Bosniak Party (bloc) [Miodrag ZIVKOVIC] (includes LP and BS); Movement for Changes or PZP [Nebojsa MEDOJEVIC]; Party of Serb Radicals or SSR [Dusko SEKULIC]; People's Party of Montenegro or NS [Predrag POPOVIC]; People's Socialist Party or NSS [Emilo LABUDOVIC]; Serbian List (bloc) [Andrija MANDIC] (includes SSR, NSS, and SNS); Serbian People's Party of Montenegro or SNS [Andrija MANDIC]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC]; Socialist People's Party or SNP [Srdjan MILIC] Center Party [Maud OLOFSSON]; Christian Democratic Party [Alf SVENSSON]; Green Party [no formal leader but party spokespersons are Maria WETTERSTRAND and Peter ERIKSSON]; Left Party or VP (formerly Communist) [Gudrun SCHYMAN]; Liberal People's Party [Lars LEIJONBORG]; Moderate Party (conservative) [Bo LUNDGREN]; Social Democratic Party [Goran PERSSON]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population 684,736 (July 2007 est.) 8,876,744 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 12.2% (2003) NA%
Population growth rate -1% (2007 est.) 0.02% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors - Gavle, Goteborg, Halmstad, Helsingborg, Hudiksvall, Kalmar, Karlshamn, Lulea, Malmo, Solvesborg, Stockholm, Sundsvall
Radio broadcast stations 31 (station types NA) (2004) AM 1, FM 265, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios - 8.25 million (1997)
Railways total: 250 km


standard gauge: 250 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified 169 km) (2006)
total: 12,821 km


standard gauge: 12,600 km 1.435-m gauge (7,918 km electrified)


narrow gauge: 221 km 0.891-m gauge (2001)
Religions Orthodox, Muslim, Roman Catholic Lutheran 87%, Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, Buddhist
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: modern telecommunications system with access to European satellites


domestic: GSM wireless service, available through 2 providers with national coverage, is growing rapidly


international: country code - 382 (the old code of 381 used by Serbia and Montenegro will also remain in use until Feb 2007); 2 international switches connect the national system
general assessment: excellent domestic and international facilities; automatic system


domestic: coaxial and multiconductor cables carry most of the voice traffic; parallel microwave radio relay systems carry some additional telephone channels


international: 5 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Sweden shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway)
Telephones - main lines in use 353,300 (2006) 6.017 million (December 1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular 821,800 (2006) 3.835 million (October 1998)
Television broadcast stations 13 (2004) 169 (plus 1,299 repeaters) (1995)
Terrain highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west
Total fertility rate - 1.54 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 27.7% (2005) 4% (2002 est.)
Waterways - 2,052 km


note: navigable to small steamers and barges
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