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Compare Mongolia (2001) - Belize (2001)

Compare Mongolia (2001) z Belize (2001)

 Mongolia (2001)Belize (2001)
 MongoliaBelize
Administrative divisions 18 provinces (aymguud, singular - aymag) and 3 municipalities* (hotuud, singular - hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan*, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan, Erdenet*, Govi-Altay, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs

note:
there may be a new province named Gobi-Sumber; further, there may now be 21 provinces and 1 capital city instead of 18 provinces and 3 municipalities
6 districts; Belize, Cayo, Corozal, Orange Walk, Stann Creek, Toledo
Age structure 0-14 years:
32.99% (male 445,252; female 430,758)

15-64 years:
63.13% (male 837,771; female 838,384)

65 years and over:
3.88% (male 44,436; female 58,398) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
42.04% (male 54,876; female 52,780)

15-64 years:
54.43% (male 70,534; female 68,837)

65 years and over:
3.53% (male 4,403; female 4,632) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products wheat, barley, potatoes, forage crops; sheep, goats, cattle, camels, horses bananas, coca, citrus, sugarcane; lumber; fish, cultured shrimp
Airports 34 (2000 est.) 44 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
8

2,438 to 3,047 m:
7

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total:
4

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
26

over 3,047 m:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
5

1,524 to 2,437 m:
10

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
5 (2000 est.)
total:
40

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
10

under 914 m:
29 (2000 est.)
Area total:
1.565 million sq km

land:
1.565 million sq km

water:
0 sq km
total:
22,966 sq km

land:
22,806 sq km

water:
160 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Alaska slightly smaller than Massachusetts
Background Long a province of China, Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet backing. A communist regime was installed in 1924. During the early 1990s, the ex-communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) gradually yielded its monopoly on power. In 1996, the Democratic Union Coalition (DUC) defeated the MPRP in a national election. Over the next four years the Coalition implemented a number of key reforms to modernize the economy and institutionalize democratic reforms. However, the former communists were a strong opposition that stalled additional reforms and made implementation difficult. In 2000, the MPRP won 72 of the 76 seats in Parliament and completely reshuffled the government. While it continues many of the reform policies, the MPRP is focusing on social welfare and public order priorities. Territorial disputes between the UK and Guatemala delayed the independence of Belize (formerly British Honduras) until 1981. Guatemala refused to recognize the new nation until 1992. Tourism has become the mainstay of the economy. The country remains plagued by high unemployment, growing involvement in the South American drug trade, and increased urban crime.
Birth rate 21.8 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 31.69 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$262 million

expenditures:
$328 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues:
$157 million

expenditures:
$279 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital Ulaanbaatar Belmopan
Climate desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges) tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May)
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 386 km
Constitution 12 February 1992 21 September 1981
Country name conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Mongolia

local long form:
none

local short form:
Mongol Uls

former:
Outer Mongolia
conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Belize

former:
British Honduras
Currency togrog/tugrik (MNT) Belizean dollar (BZD)
Death rate 7.1 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 4.7 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $760 million (2000 est.) $338 million (1998)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador John DINGER

embassy:
inner north side of the Big Ring, just west of the Selbe Gol, Ulaanbaatar

mailing address:
United States Embassy in Mongolia, P. O. Box 1021, Ulaanbaatar 13; PSC 461, Box 300, FPO AP 96521-0002

telephone:
[976] (11) 329095

FAX:
[976] (11) 320776
chief of mission:
Ambassador Carolyn CURIEL

embassy:
29 Gabourel Lane and Hutson Street, Belize City

mailing address:
P. O. Box 286, Unit 7401, APO AA 34025

telephone:
[501] (2) 77161

FAX:
[501] (2) 30802
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Jalbuugiyn CHOINHOR

chancery:
2833 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007

telephone:
[1] (202) 333-7117

FAX:
[1] (202) 298-9227

consulate(s) general:
New York
chief of mission:
Ambassador Lisa M. SHOMAN

chancery:
2535 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 332-9636

FAX:
[1] (202) 332-6888

consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles
Disputes - international none Guatemala periodically asserts claims to territory in southern Belize; to deter cross-border squatting, both states in 2000 agreed to a "line of adjacency" based on the de facto boundary, which is not recognized by Guatemala
Economic aid - recipient $200 million (1998 est.) $NA
Economy - overview Economic activity traditionally has been based on agriculture and breeding of livestock. Mongolia also has extensive mineral deposits: copper, coal, molybdenum, tin, tungsten, and gold account for a large part of industrial production. Soviet assistance, at its height one-third of GDP, disappeared almost overnight in 1990-91, at the time of the dismantlement of the USSR. Mongolia was driven into deep recession, which was prolonged by the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party's (MPRP) reluctance to undertake serious economic reform. The Democratic Coalition (DC) government has embraced free-market economics, easing price controls, liberalizing domestic and international trade, and attempting to restructure the banking system and the energy sector. Major domestic privatization programs were undertaken, as well as the fostering of foreign investment through international tender of the oil distribution company, a leading cashmere company, and banks. Reform was held back by the ex-communist MPRP opposition and by the political instability brought about through four successive governments under the DC. Economic growth picked up in 1997-99 after stalling in 1996 due to a series of natural disasters and declines in world prices of copper and cashmere. In August and September 1999, the economy suffered from a temporary Russian ban on exports of oil and oil products, and Mongolia remains vulnerable in this sector. Mongolia joined the World Trade Organization (WTrO) in 1997. The international donor community pledged over $300 million per year at the last Consultative Group Meeting, held in Ulaanbaatar in June 1999. The MPRP government, elected in July 2000, is anxious to improve the investment climate; it must also deal with a heavy burden of external debt. The small, essentially private enterprise economy is based primarily on agriculture, agro-based industry, and merchandising, with tourism and construction assuming greater importance. Sugar, the chief crop, accounts for nearly half of exports, while the banana industry is the country's largest employer. The government's tough austerity program in 1997 resulted in an economic slowdown that continued in 1998. The trade deficit has been growing, mostly as a result of low export prices for sugar and bananas. The tourist and construction sectors strengthened in early 1999, supporting growth of 6% in 1999 and 4% in 2000. Aided by international donors, the government's key short-term objective remains the reduction of poverty.
Electricity - consumption 2.767 billion kWh (1999) 172.1 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 80 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 363 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 2.671 billion kWh (1999) 185 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel:
56.76%

hydro:
43.24%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Hoh Nuur 518 m

highest point:
Nayramadlin Orgil (Huyten Orgil) 4,374 m
lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:
Victoria Peak 1,160 m
Environment - current issues limited natural fresh water resources in some areas; policies of the former communist regime promoting rapid urbanization and industrial growth have raised concerns about their negative effects on the environment; the burning of soft coal in power plants and the lack of enforcement of environmental laws have severely polluted the air in Ulaanbaatar; deforestation, overgrazing, the converting of virgin land to agricultural production have increased soil erosion from wind and rain; desertification and mining activities have also had a deleterious effect on the environment deforestation; water pollution from sewage, industrial effluents, agricultural runoff; solid waste disposal
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Mongol (predominantly Khalkha) 85%, Turkic (of which Kazakh is the largest group) 7%, Tungusic 4.6%, other (including Chinese and Russian) 3.4% (1998) mestizo 43.7%, Creole 29.8%, Maya 10%, Garifuna 6.2%, other 10.3%
Exchange rates togrogs/tugriks per US dollar - 1,097.00 (December 2000), 1,076.67 (2000), 1,072.37 (1999), 840.83 (1998), 789.99 (1997), 548.40 (1996) Belizean dollars per US dollar - 2.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Natsagiyn BAGABANDI (since 20 June 1997)

head of government:
Prime Minister Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR (since 26 July 2000)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the State Great Hural in consultation with the president

elections:
president nominated by parties in the State Great Hural and elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 20 May 2001 (next to be held NA May 2005); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by the State Great Hural; election last held 2 July 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
Natsagiyn BAGABANDI reelected president; percent of vote - NA%; Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR elected prime minister by a vote in the State Great Hural of 68 to 3
chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Colville YOUNG (since 17 November 1993)

head of government:
Prime Minister Said MUSA (since 27 August 1998); Deputy Prime Minister John BRICENO (since 1 September 1998)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; governor general appoints the member of the House of Representatives who is leader of the majority party to be prime minister
Exports $454.3 million (f.o.b., 1999) $235.7 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities copper, livestock, animal products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals sugar, bananas, citrus, clothing, fish products, molasses, wood
Exports - partners China 60%, US 20%, Russia 9%, Japan 2% (2000 est.) US 42%, UK 33%, EU 12%, Caricom 4.8%, Canada 2%, Mexico 1% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 April - 31 March
Flag description three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red; centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem ("soyombo" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang symbol) blue with a narrow red stripe along the top and the bottom edges; centered is a large white disk bearing the coat of arms; the coat of arms features a shield flanked by two workers in front of a mahogany tree with the related motto SUB UMBRA FLOREO (I Flourish in the Shade) on a scroll at the bottom, all encircled by a green garland
GDP purchasing power parity - $4.7 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $790 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
36%

industry:
22%

services:
42% (2000 est.)
agriculture:
18%

industry:
24%

services:
58% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,780 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $3,200 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate -1% (2000 est.) 4% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 46 00 N, 105 00 E 17 15 N, 88 45 W
Geography - note landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia only country in Central America without a coastline on the North Pacific Ocean
Highways total:
3,387 km

paved:
1,563 km

unpaved:
1,824 km

note:
there are also 45,862 km of rural roads that consist of rough, unimproved, cross-country tracks (2000)
total:
2,872 km

paved:
488 km

unpaved:
2,384 km (1998 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
2.9%

highest 10%:
24.5% (1995)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs - minor transshipment point for cocaine; small-scale illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; minor money-laundering center
Imports $510.7 million (c.i.f., 1999) $413 million (c.i.f., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, fuels, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, sugar, tea machinery and transportation equipment, manufactured goods; food, beverages, tobacco; fuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals
Imports - partners Russia 33%, China 21%, Japan 12%, South Korea 10%, US 4% (1999) US 58%, Mexico 12%, UK 5% EU 5%, Central America 5%, Caricom 4% (1998)
Independence 11 July 1921 (from China) 21 September 1981 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 2.4% (2000 est.) 4.6% (1999)
Industries construction materials, mining (particularly coal and copper); food and beverages, processing of animal products garment production, food processing, tourism, construction
Infant mortality rate 53.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 25.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 7.6% (1999) 2% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ARF (dialogue partner), AsDB, ASEAN (observer), CCC, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 5 (2001) 2 (2000)
Irrigated land 800 sq km (1993 est.) 20 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (serves as appeals court for people's and provincial courts, but rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts; judges are nominated by the General Council of Courts for approval by the president) Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister)
Labor force 1.3 million (1999) 71,000

note:
shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel (1997 est.)
Labor force - by occupation primarily herding/agricultural agriculture 38%, industry 32%, services 30% (1994)
Land boundaries total:
8,161.9 km

border countries:
China 4,676.9 km, Russia 3,485 km
total:
516 km

border countries:
Guatemala 266 km, Mexico 250 km
Land use arable land:
5.7%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
81%

forests and woodland:
11.4%

other:
1.9% (2000 est.)
arable land:
10%

permanent crops:
1%

permanent pastures:
2%

forests and woodland:
84%

other:
3% (2000 est.)
Languages Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999) English (official), Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna (Carib), Creole
Legal system blend of Russian, Chinese, Turkish, and Western systems of law that combines aspects of a parliamentary system with some aspects of a presidential system; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction English law
Legislative branch unicameral State Great Hural (76 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 2 July 2000 (next to be held NA July 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MPRP 72, other 4
bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (eight members, five appointed on the advice of the prime minister, two on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and one by the governor general; members are appointed for five-year terms); and the House of Representatives (29 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
House of Representatives - last held 27 August 1998 (next to be held by NA August 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - PUP 59.2%, UDP 40.8%; seats by party - PUP 26, UDP 3
Life expectancy at birth total population:
64.26 years

male:
62.14 years

female:
66.5 years (2001 est.)
total population:
71.19 years

male:
68.91 years

female:
73.57 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
97%

male:
98%

female:
97.5% (2000)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
70.3%

male:
70.3%

female:
70.3% (1991 est.)

note:
other sources list the literacy rate as high as 75%
Location Northern Asia, between China and Russia Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Mexico
Map references Asia Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims none (landlocked) exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM in the north, 3 NM in the south; note - from the mouth of the Sarstoon River to Ranguana Cay, Belize's territorial sea is 3 NM; according to Belize's Maritime Areas Act, 1992, the purpose of this limitation is to provide a framework for the negotiation of a definitive agreement on territorial differences with Guatemala
Merchant marine - total:
402 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,575,851 GRT/2,241,731 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 27, cargo 265, chemical tanker 6, combination ore/oil 1, container 14, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 56, refrigerated cargo 18, roll on/roll off 7, short-sea passenger 1, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 3

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Cuba 1, Singapore 1, US 1 (2000 est.)
Military branches Mongolian Armed Forces (includes General Purpose Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Civil Defense Troops); note - Border Troops are under Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs in peacetime Belize Defense Force (includes Army, Maritime Wing, Air Wing, and Volunteer Guard)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $25.5 million (FY01) $17 million (FY98/99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2.3% (FY01) 2.4% (FY98/99)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
748,779 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
62,698 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
486,491 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
37,174 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
30,230 (2001 est.)
males:
2,847 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day/Revolution Day, 11 July (1921) Independence Day, 21 September (1981)
Nationality noun:
Mongolian(s)

adjective:
Mongolian
noun:
Belizean(s)

adjective:
Belizean
Natural hazards dust and snow storms, grassland and forest fires, drought and "zud", which is a combination of drought followed by harsh winter conditions frequent, devastating hurricanes (September to December) and coastal flooding (especially in south)
Natural resources oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, wolfram, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron, phosphate arable land potential, timber, fish, hydropower
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders Citizens' Will Party or CWP (also called Civil Will Party) [Sanjaasurengyn OYUN]; Democratic Party or DP [D. DORLIGAN]; Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party or MPRP [Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR]; Mongolian Democratic New Socialist Party or MDNSP [B. ERDENEBAT]; Mongolian Republican Party or MRP [B. JARGALSAIHAN]

note:
the MPRP is the ruling party
People's United Party or PUP [Said MUSA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Manuel ESQUIVEL, Dean BARROW, Doug SINGH]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Society for the Promotion of Education and Research or SPEAR [Diane HAYLOCK]; United Worker's Front
Population 2,654,999 (July 2001 est.) 256,062 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 40% (2000 est.) 33% (1999 est.)
Population growth rate 1.47% (2001 est.) 2.7% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors none Belize City, Big Creek, Corozol, Punta Gorda
Radio broadcast stations AM 7, FM 9, shortwave 4 (2001) AM 1, FM 12, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 155,900 (1999) 133,000 (1997)
Railways 1,815 km

broad gauge:
1,815 km 1.524-m gauge (2001)
0 km
Religions Tibetan Buddhist Lamaism 96%, Muslim (primarily in the southwest), Shamanism, and Christian 4% (1998) Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 30% (Anglican 12%, Methodist 6%, Mennonite 4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3%, Pentecostal 2%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1%, other 2%), none 2%, other 6% (1980)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.76 male(s)/female

total population:
1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.95 male(s)/female

total population:
1.03 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
very low density: about 3.5 telephones for each thousand persons

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean Region)
general assessment:
above-average system

domestic:
trunk network depends primarily on microwave radio relay

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 104,100 (1999) 31,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 110,000 (2001) 3,023 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 4 (plus 18 provincial repeaters and many low powered repeaters) (1999) 2 (1997)
Terrain vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central flat, swampy coastal plain; low mountains in south
Total fertility rate 2.39 children born/woman (2001 est.) 4.05 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 12.8% (1999)
Waterways 400 km (1999) 825 km (river network used by shallow-draft craft; seasonally navigable)
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