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Compare Monaco (2001) - Togo (2002)
Compare Monaco (2001) z Togo (2002)
| Monaco (2001) | Togo (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo | 5 regions (regions, singular - region); De La Kara, Des Plateaux, Des Savanes, Centrale, Maritime |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
15.32% (male 2,503; female 2,375) 15-64 years: 62.23% (male 9,731; female 10,083) 65 years and over: 22.45% (male 2,921; female 4,229) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years: 45.1% (male 1,195,052; female 1,187,014)
15-64 years: 52.4% (male 1,351,345; female 1,420,617) 65 years and over: 2.5% (male 56,270; female 75,203) (2002 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | none | coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish |
| Airports | linked to airport in Nice, France, by helicopter service | 9 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | - | total: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 2 (2002) |
| Area | total:
1.95 sq km land: 1.95 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 56,785 sq km
land: 54,385 sq km water: 2,400 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC | slightly smaller than West Virginia |
| Background | Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center. | French Togoland became Togo in 1960. General Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, is Africa's longest-serving head of state. Despite the facade of multiparty elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government continues to be dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has maintained power almost continually since 1967. In addition, Togo has come under fire from international organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political unrest. Most bilateral and multilateral aid to Togo remains frozen. |
| Birth rate | 9.74 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 36.11 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$518 million expenditures: $531 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995) |
revenues: $232 million
expenditures: $252 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997 est.) |
| Capital | Monaco | Lome |
| Climate | Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers | tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north |
| Coastline | 4.1 km | 56 km |
| Constitution | 17 December 1962 | multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992 |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Principality of Monaco conventional short form: Monaco local long form: Principaute de Monaco local short form: Monaco |
conventional long form: Togolese Republic
conventional short form: Togo local long form: Republique Togolaise local short form: none former: French Togoland |
| Currency | French franc (FRF); euro (EUR) | Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States |
| Death rate | 13 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 11.3 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | $NA | $1.5 billion (1999) (1999) |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco | chief of mission: Ambassador Karl HOFMANN
embassy: Angle Rue Kouenou and Rue 15 Beniglato, Lome mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome telephone: [228] 221 29 91 through 221 29 94 FAX: [228] 221 79 52 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | Monaco does not have an embassy in the US
consulate(s) general: New York |
chief of mission: Ambassador Akoussoulelou BODJONA
chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212 FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190 |
| Disputes - international | none | Benin accuses Togo of moving boundary markers and stationing troops in its territory |
| Economic aid - recipient | $NA | $201.1 million (1995) (1995) |
| Economy - overview | Monaco, situated on the French Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The Principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates below are extremely rough. | This small sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings, with cotton being the most significant cash crop despite falling prices on the world market. Political unrest, including private and public sector strikes throughout 1992 and 1993, jeopardized the reform program, shrunk the tax base, and disrupted vital economic activity. The 12 January 1994 devaluation of the XOF currency by 50% provided an important impetus to renewed structural adjustment. In the industrial sector, phosphate mining is by far the most important activity. Togo is the world's fourth largest producer, and geological advantages keep production costs low. The recently privatized mining operation, Office Togolais des Phosphates (OTP), is slowly recovering from a steep fall in prices in the early 1990's, but continues to face the challenge of tough foreign competition, exacerbated by weakening demand. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. It continues to expand its duty-free export-processing zone (EPZ), launched in 1989, which has attracted enterprises from France, Italy, Scandinavia, the US, India, and China and created jobs for Togolese nationals. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has stalled. Progress depends on following through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress towards legislative elections, and possible downsizing of the military, on which the regime has depended to stay in place. Lack of large-scale foreign aid, deterioration of the financial sector, energy shortages, and depressed commodity prices continue to constrain economic growth. The takeover of the national power company by a Franco-Canadian consortium in 2000 should ease the energy crisis. |
| Electricity - consumption | NA kWh | 525.21 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | NA kWh
note: electricity supplied by France (1999) |
435 million kWh
note: electricity supplied by Ghana (2000) |
| Electricity - production | - | 97 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel: 98%
hydro: 2% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mont Agel 140 m |
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mont Agou 986 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol |
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21% | native African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1% |
| Exchange rates | euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997), 5.1155 (1996) | Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 741.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre, son of the monarch (born 14 March 1958) head of government: Minister of State Patrick LECLERQUE (since 5 January 2000) cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government |
chief of state: President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967)
head of government: Prime Minister Koffi SAMA (since 29 June 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 June 1998 (next to be held June 2003); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Gnassingbe EYADEMA reelected president; percent of vote - Gnassingbe EYADEMA 52.13%, Gilchrist OLYMPIO 34.12%, other 13.75% |
| Exports | $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France | $306 million f.o.b. (2001) |
| Exports - commodities | - | cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa |
| Exports - partners | - | Benin 12%, Nigeria 9%, Belgium 5%, Ghana 4% (2000) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | calendar year |
| Flag description | two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red | five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $870 million (1999 est.) | purchasing power parity - $7.6 billion (2001 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
agriculture: 42%
industry: 21% services: 37% (2001 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $27,000 (1999 est.) | purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2001 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA% | 2.2% (2001 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 43 44 N, 7 24 E | 8 00 N, 1 10 E |
| Geography - note | second smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban | the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna |
| Heliports | 1 (shuttle service between the international airport at Nice, France, and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille) | - |
| Highways | total:
50 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (2001) |
total: 7,520 km
paved: 2,376 km unpaved: 5,144 km (1996) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | - | transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money laundering not a significant problem |
| Imports | $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France | $420 million f.o.b. (2001) |
| Imports - commodities | - | machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products |
| Imports - partners | - | Ghana 26%, France 11%, China 7%, Cote d'Ivoire 7% (2000) |
| Independence | 1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi) | 27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products | phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement; handicrafts, textiles, beverages |
| Infant mortality rate | 5.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | 69.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | NA% | 2.3% (2001 est.) |
| International organization participation | ACCT, ECE, IAEA, ICAO, ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO | ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIPONUH, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2000) | 3 (2001) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | 70 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council) | Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme |
| Labor force | 30,540 (January 1994) | 1.74 million (1996) (1996) |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (1998 est.) |
| Land boundaries | total:
4.4 km border countries: France 4.4 km |
total: 1,647 km
border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km |
| Land use | arable land:
0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 100% (urban area) |
arable land: 41.37%
permanent crops: 1.84% other: 56.79% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque | French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north) |
| Legal system | based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction | French-based court system |
| Legislative branch | unicameral National Council or Conseil National (18 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 1 and 8 February 1998 (next to be held NA January 2003) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UND 18 |
unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 27 October 2002 (next NA 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPT 72, RSD 3, UDPS 2, Juvento 2, MOCEP 1, independents 1 note: two opposition parties boycotted the election, the Union of the Forces for Change, and the Action Committee for Renewal |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
78.98 years male: 75.04 years female: 83.12 years (2001 est.) |
total population: 54.02 years
male: 52.03 years female: 56.07 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
NA total population: 99% male: NA% female: NA% |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 51.7% male: 67% female: 37% (1995 est.) |
| Location | Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy | Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana |
| Map references | Europe | Africa |
| Maritime claims | territorial sea:
12 NM |
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 30 NM |
| Merchant marine | none (2000 est.) | total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,603 GRT/2,800 DWT
ships by type: specialized tanker 1 note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Greece 1 (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of France | - |
| Military branches | - | Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $21.9 million (FY01) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | 1.8% (FY01) |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49: 1,220,758 (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49: 640,280 (2002 est.) |
| National holiday | National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November | Independence Day, 27 April (1960) |
| Nationality | noun:
Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s) adjective: Monegasque or Monacan |
noun: Togolese (singular and plural)
adjective: Togolese |
| Natural hazards | NA | hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts |
| Natural resources | none | phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land |
| Net migration rate | 7.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | National and Democratic Union or UND [leader NA]; National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM [leader NA]; Rally for the Monegasque Family [leader NA] | Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yawovi AGBOYIBO]; Coordination des Forces Nouvelles or CFN [Joseph KOFFIGOH]; Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Leopold GNININVI]; Party for Democracy and Renewal or PDR [Zarifou AYEVA]; Patriotic Pan-African Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA]; Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO (in exile), Jean Pierre FABRE, general secretary in Togo]; Union of Independent Liberals or ULI [Jacques AMOUZOU]
note: Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President EYADEMA, was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991 |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | NA |
| Population | 31,842 (July 2001 est.) | 5,285,501
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | 32% (1989 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 0.46% (2001 est.) | 2.48% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Monaco | Kpeme, Lome |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998) | AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998) |
| Radios | 34,000 (1997) | 940,000 (1997) |
| Railways | total:
1.7 km standard gauge: 1.7 km 1.435-m gauge |
total: 525 km
narrow gauge: 525 km 1.000-m gauge (2001) |
| Religions | Roman Catholic 90% | indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 29%, Muslim 20% |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Suffrage | 21 years of age; universal | NA years of age; universal adult |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
modern automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system |
general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile cellular system
domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; cellular system has capacity of 10,000 telephones international: satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 31,027 (1995) | 25,000 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | NA | 2,995 (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations | 5 (1998) | 3 (plus two repeaters) (1997) |
| Terrain | hilly, rugged, rocky | gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes |
| Total fertility rate | 1.76 children born/woman (2001 est.) | 5.14 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 3.1% (1998) | NA% |
| Waterways | none | 50 km (Mono river) |
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