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Compare Martinique (2001) - Svalbard (2005)

Compare Martinique (2001) z Svalbard (2005)

 Martinique (2001)Svalbard (2005)
 MartiniqueSvalbard
Administrative divisions none (overseas department of France) -
Age structure 0-14 years:
23.1% (male 49,016; female 47,653)

15-64 years:
66.77% (male 139,106; female 140,291)

65 years and over:
10.13% (male 18,893; female 23,495) (2001 est.)		 0-14 years: NA


15-64 years: NA


65 years and over: NA
Agriculture - products pineapples, avocados, bananas, flowers, vegetables, sugarcane -
Airports 2 (2000 est.) 4 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
1

over 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)		 total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)		 total: 2


under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Area total:
1,100 sq km

land:
1,060 sq km

water:
40 sq km		 total: 62,049 sq km


land: 62,049 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)
Area - comparative slightly more than six times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than West Virginia
Background Colonized by France in 1635, the island has subsequently remained a French possession except for three brief periods of foreign occupation. First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory.
Birth rate 15.76 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA births/1,000 population
Budget revenues:
$900 million

expenditures:
$2.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $140 million (1996)		 revenues: $11.5 million


expenditures: $11.5 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1998 est.)
Capital Fort-de-France Longyearbyen
Climate tropical; moderated by trade winds; rainy season (June to October); vulnerable to devastating cyclones (hurricanes) every eight years on average; average temperature 17.3 degrees C; humid arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year
Coastline 350 km 3,587 km
Constitution 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) -
Country name conventional long form:
Department of Martinique

conventional short form:
Martinique

local long form:
Departement de la Martinique

local short form:
Martinique		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)
Currency French franc (FRF); euro (EUR) -
Death rate 6.39 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external $180 million (1994) -
Dependency status overseas department of France territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was awarded to Norway
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas department of France) -
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas department of France) -
Disputes - international none despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone
Economic aid - recipient $NA; note - substantial annual aid from France $8.2 million from Norway (1998)
Economy - overview The economy is based on sugarcane, bananas, tourism, and light industry. Agriculture accounts for about 6% of GDP and the small industrial sector for 11%. Sugar production has declined, with most of the sugarcane now used for the production of rum. Banana exports are increasing, going mostly to France. The bulk of meat, vegetable, and grain requirements must be imported, contributing to a chronic trade deficit that requires large annual transfers of aid from France. Tourism has become more important than agricultural exports as a source of foreign exchange. The majority of the work force is employed in the service sector and in administration. Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gives the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some hunting of seal, reindeer, and fox.
Electricity - consumption 1.023 billion kWh (1999) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production 1.1 billion kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:
Montagne Pelee 1,397 m		 lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Ethnic groups African and African-white-Indian mixture 90%, white 5%, East Indian, Chinese less than 5% Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998)
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997), 5.1155 (1996) Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 6.7408 (2004), 7.0802 (2003), 7.9838 (2002), 8.9917 (2001), 8.8018 (2000)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995); Prefect Jean-Francois CORDET (since NA)

head of government:
President of the General Council Claude LISE (since 22 March 1992); President of the Regional Council Alfred MARIE-JEANNE (since NA March 1998)

cabinet:
NA

elections:
French president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; the presidents of the General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those councils		 chief of state: King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991)


head of government: Governor Odd Olsen INGERO (since 8 June 2001) and Assistant Governor Rune Baard HANSEN (since NA)


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice
Exports $250 million (f.o.b., 1997) $NA
Exports - commodities refined petroleum products, bananas, rum, pineapples -
Exports - partners France 45%, Guadeloupe 28% (1997) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description a light blue background is divided into four quadrants by a white cross; in the center of each rectangle is a white snake; the flag of France is used for official occasions the flag of Norway is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $4.39 billion (1997 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
6%

industry:
11%

services:
83% (1997 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $11,000 (1997 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate NA% NA%
Geographic coordinates 14 40 N, 61 00 W 78 00 N, 20 00 E
Geography - note - northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area
Highways total:
2,105 km (2000)

paved:
NA km

unpaved:
NA km		 total: NA km


paved: NA km


unpaved: NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 -
Illicit drugs transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for the US and Europe -
Imports $2 billion (c.i.f., 1997) $NA
Imports - commodities petroleum products, crude oil, foodstuffs, construction materials, vehicles, clothing and other consumer goods -
Imports - partners France 62%, Venezuela 6%, Germany 4%, Italy 4%, US 3% (1997) -
Independence none (overseas department of France) none (territory of Norway)
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries construction, rum, cement, oil refining, sugar, tourism -
Infant mortality rate 7.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: NA


male: NA


female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.9% (1990) -
International organization participation FZ, WCL, WFTU none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) -
Irrigated land 40 sq km (1993 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel -
Labor force 170,000 (1997) NA
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 10%, industry 17%, services 73% (1997) -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
8%

permanent crops:
8%

permanent pastures:
17%

forests and woodland:
44%

other:
23% (1993 est.)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (2001)
Languages French, Creole patois Norwegian, Russian
Legal system French legal system NA
Legislative branch unicameral General Council or Conseil General (45 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Assembly or Conseil Regional (41 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)

elections:
General Council - last held NA March 2000 (next to be held NA 2006); Regional Assembly - last held on 15 March 1998 (next to be held by March 2004)

election results:
General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - the PPM won a plurality; Regional Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR-UDF 14, MIM 13, PPM 7, left parties 4, PMS 3

note:
Martinique elects 2 seats to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1998 (next to be held September 2001); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PPM 2; Martinique also elects 4 seats to the French National Assembly; elections last held 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 2, PS 1, independent 1		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
78.41 years

male:
79.11 years

female:
77.69 years (2001 est.)		 total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
93%

male:
92%

female:
93% (1982 est.)		 NA
Location Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Trinidad and Tobago Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Arctic Region
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM		 territorial sea: 4 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France demilitarized by treaty on 9 February 1920
Military branches French forces (Army, Navy, Air Force), Gendarmerie -
National holiday Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) NA
Nationality noun:
Martiniquais (singular and plural)

adjective:
Martiniquais		 -
Natural hazards hurricanes, flooding, and volcanic activity (an average of one major natural disaster every five years) ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic
Natural resources coastal scenery and beaches, cultivable land coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish
Net migration rate -0.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Political parties and leaders Martinique Independence Movement or MIM [Alfred MARIE-JEANNE]; Martinique Progressive Party or PPM [Camille DARSIERES]; Martinique Socialist Party or PMS [Ernest WAN-AJOUHU]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Michel CHARLONE]; Union for French Democracy or UDF (replaced by Martinique Forces of Progress) [Jean MAREN] -
Political pressure groups and leaders Association for the Protection of Martinique's Heritage (ecologist) [Garcin MALSA]; Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance or ARC; Central Union for Martinique Workers or CSTM [Marc PULVAR]; Frantz Fanon Circle; League of Workers and Peasants; Proletarian Action Group or GAP; Socialist Revolution Group or GRS [Philippe PIERRE-CHARLES] -
Population 418,454 (July 2001 est.) 2,701 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 0.93% (2001 est.) -0.02% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors Fort-de-France, La Trinite Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 14, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 82,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Roman Catholic 95%, Hindu and pagan African 5% -
Sex ratio at birth:
1.02 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.8 male(s)/female

total population:
0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)		 NA%
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment:
domestic facilities are adequate

domestic:
NA

international:
microwave radio relay to Guadeloupe, Dominica, and Saint Lucia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)		 general assessment: probably adequate


domestic: local telephone service


international: country code - 47-790; satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)
Telephones - main lines in use 170,000 (1997) NA
Telephones - mobile cellular 15,000 (1997) NA
Television broadcast stations 11 (plus nine repeaters) (1997) NA
Terrain mountainous with indented coastline; dormant volcano wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts
Total fertility rate 1.8 children born/woman (2001 est.) NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate 27.2% (1998) -
Waterways none -
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