Compare Mali (2004) - Senegal (2002)

Compare Mali (2004) z Senegal (2002)

	Mali (2004)	Senegal (2002)

Administrative divisions	8 regions (regions, singular - region); Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou	10 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaolack, Kolda, Louga, Saint-Louis, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor note: there may be another region called Matam
Age structure	0-14 years: 47.1% (male 2,835,378; female 2,801,578) 15-64 years: 49.9% (male 2,862,075; female 3,101,009) 65 years and over: 3% (male 163,927; female 192,821) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 43.5% (male 2,321,789; female 2,290,105) 15-64 years: 53.4% (male 2,710,178; female 2,943,554) 65 years and over: 3.1% (male 159,445; female 164,500) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats	peanuts, millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; cattle, poultry, pigs; fish
Airports	27 (2003 est.)	20 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 9 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 9 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 19 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 8 (2004 est.)	total: 11 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 1.24 million sq km land: 1.22 million sq km water: 20,000 sq km	total: 196,190 sq km land: 192,000 sq km water: 4,190 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly less than twice the size of Texas	slightly smaller than South Dakota
Background	The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, what formerly made up the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 with a transitional government and in 1992 when Mali's first democratic presidential election was held. After his reelection in 1997, President Alpha KONARE continued to push through political and economic reforms and to fight corruption. In keeping with Mali's two-term constitutional limit, he stepped down in 2002 and was succeeded by Amadou TOURE.	Independent from France in 1960, Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia in 1982. However, the envisaged integration of the two countries was never carried out, and the union was dissolved in 1989. Despite peace talks, a southern separatist group sporadically has clashed with government forces since 1982. Senegal has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping.
Birth rate	47.29 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	36.99 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $764 million expenditures: $828 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2002 est.)	revenues: $1.373 billion expenditures: $1.373 billion, including capital expenditures of $357 million (2002 est.)
Capital	Bamako	Dakar
Climate	subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy, humid, and mild June to November; cool and dry November to February	tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	531 km
Constitution	adopted 12 January 1992	a new constitution was adopted 7 January 2001
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Mali conventional short form: Mali local long form: Republique de Mali local short form: Mali former: French Sudan and Sudanese Republic	conventional long form: Republic of Senegal conventional short form: Senegal local long form: Republique du Senegal local short form: Senegal
Currency	Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States	Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Death rate	19.12 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	8.14 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$3.3 billion (2000)	$3.1 billion (2002 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Vicki HUDDLESTONE embassy: Rue Rochester NY and Rue Mohamed V, Bamako mailing address: B. P. 34, Bamako telephone: [223] (2) 223-833 FAX: [223] (2) 223-712	chief of mission: Ambassador Harriet L. ELAM-THOMAS embassy: Avenue Jean XXIII at the corner of Rue Kleber, Dakar mailing address: B. P. 49, Dakar telephone: [221] 823-4296 FAX: [221] 822-2991
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Abdoulaye DIOP chancery: 2130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 332-2249, 939-8950 FAX: [1] (202) 332-6603	chief of mission: Ambassador Amadou L. BA chancery: 2112 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-0540 FAX: [1] (202) 332-6315 consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international	none	Senegalese separatists disrupt legal border trade with smuggling, cattle rustling, and other illegal activities in Guinea-Bissau
Economic aid - recipient	$596.4 million (2001)	$362.6 million (2002 est.)
Economy - overview	Mali is among the poorest countries in the world, with 65% of its land area desert or semidesert and with a highly unequal distribution of income. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger. About 10% of the population is nomadic and some 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. Mali is heavily dependent on foreign aid and vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices for cotton, its main export, along with gold. The government has continued its successful implementation of an IMF-recommended structural adjustment program that is helping the economy grow, diversify, and attract foreign investment. Mali's adherence to economic reform and the 50% devaluation of the African franc in January 1994 have pushed up economic growth to a sturdy 5% average in 1996-2002. Worker remittances and external trade routes have been jeopardized by continued unrest in neighboring Cote d'Ivoire.	In January 1994, Senegal undertook a bold and ambitious economic reform program with the support of the international donor community. This reform began with a 50% devaluation of Senegal's currency, the CFA franc, which is linked at a fixed rate to the French franc. Government price controls and subsidies have been steadily dismantled. After seeing its economy contract by 2.1% in 1993, Senegal made an important turnaround, thanks to the reform program, with real growth in GDP averaging 5% annually during 1995-2001. Annual inflation had been pushed down to less than 1%, but rose to an estimated 3.3% in 2001. Investment rose steadily from 13.8% of GDP in 1993 to 16.5% in 1997. As a member of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), Senegal is working toward greater regional integration with a unified external tariff. Senegal also realized full Internet connectivity in 1996, creating a miniboom in information technology-based services. Private activity now accounts for 82% of GDP. On the negative side, Senegal faces deep-seated urban problems of chronic unemployment, trade union militancy, juvenile delinquency, and drug addiction.
Electricity - consumption	446.6 million kWh (2001)	1.228 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh; note - recent hydropower developments may be providing electricity to Senegal and Mauritania (2001)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	480.2 million kWh (2001)	1.32 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Senegal River 23 m highest point: Hombori Tondo 1,155 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed feature near Nepen Diakha 581 m
Environment - current issues	deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching	wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; overfishing
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping
Ethnic groups	Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5%	Wolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka 3%, Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%
Exchange rates	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 581.2 (2003), 696.988 (2002), 733.039 (2001), 711.976 (2000), 615.699 (1999)	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro
Executive branch	chief of state: President Amadou Toumani TOURE (since 8 June 2002) head of government: Prime Minister Ousmane Issoufi MAIGA (since 30 April 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (two-term limit); election last held 12 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2007); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Amadou Toumani TOURE elected president; percent of vote - Amadou Toumani TOURE 64.4%, Soumaila CISSE 35.6%	chief of state: President Abdoulaye WADE (since 1 April 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Idrissa SECK (since 4 November 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term under new constitution; election last held 27 February and 19 March 2000 (next to be held 27 February 2005); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Abdoulaye WADE elected president; percent of vote in the second round of voting - Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 58.49%, Abdou DIOUF (PS) 41.51%
Exports	NA (2001)	$1 billion f.o.b. (2001)
Exports - commodities	cotton, gold, livestock	fish, groundnuts (peanuts), petroleum products, phosphates, cotton
Exports - partners	Thailand 14%, China 12.1%, India 7.9%, Italy 7.5%, Bangladesh 6.1%, UK 6.1% (2003)	France 19%, Italy 12%, Spain 6%, Cote d'Ivoire 2% (2000)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia	three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP	purchasing power parity - $10.53 billion (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $16.2 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 45% industry: 17% services: 38% (2001 est.)	agriculture: 19% industry: 21% services: 61% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $900 (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $1,580 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	0.5% (2003 est.)	5.7% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	17 00 N, 4 00 W	14 00 N, 14 00 W
Geography - note	landlocked; divided into three natural zones: the southern, cultivated Sudanese; the central, semiarid Sahelian; and the northern, arid Saharan	westernmost country on the African continent; The Gambia is almost an enclave of Senegal
Highways	total: 15,100 km paved: 1,827 km unpaved: 13,273 km (1999 est.)	total: 14,576 km paved: 4,271 km unpaved: 10,305 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 1.8% highest 10%: 40.4% (1994)	lowest 10%: 1% highest 10%: 43% (1991)
Illicit drugs	-	transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of cannabis
Imports	NA (2001)	$1.3 billion f.o.b. (2001)
Imports - commodities	petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles	foods and beverages, consumer goods, capital goods, petroleum products
Imports - partners	France 15.4%, Senegal 7.7%, Cote d'Ivoire 7.1% (2003)	France 27%, Nigeria 19%, Germany 4%, US 4%, Italy 3% (2000)
Independence	22 September 1960 (from France)	4 April 1960 (from France); complete independence was achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960
Industrial production growth rate	NA (FY96/97)	5.2% (2000 est.)
Industries	food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining	agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, construction materials
Infant mortality rate	total: 117.99 deaths/1,000 live births male: 124.51 deaths/1,000 live births female: 111.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	55.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	4.5% (2002 est.)	3.3% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOVIC, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	1 (2002)
Irrigated land	1,380 sq km (1998 est.)	710 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Cour Supreme	Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals; note-the judicial system was reformed in 1992
Labor force	3.93 million (2001 est.)	NA
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture and fishing 80% (2001 est.)	agriculture 70%
Land boundaries	total: 7,243 km border countries: Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km	total: 2,640 km border countries: The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km
Land use	arable land: 3.82% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 96.15% (2001)	arable land: 11.58% permanent crops: 0.19% other: 88.23% (1998 est.)
Languages	French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages	French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka
Legal system	based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court (which was formally established on 9 March 1994); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on French civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court; the Council of State audits the government's accounting office; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 14 July and 28 July 2002 (next to be held NA July 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Hope 2002 coalition 66, ADEMA 51, other 30	unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (120 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms) note: the former National Assembly, dissolved in the spring of 2001, had 140 seats elections: last held 29 April 2001 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - SOPI Coalition 89, AFP 11, PS 10, other 10
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 45.28 years male: 44.7 years female: 45.87 years (2004 est.)	total population: 62.93 years male: 61.29 years female: 64.61 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 46.4% male: 53.5% female: 39.6% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 39.1% male: 51.1% female: 28.9% (2001 est.)
Location	Western Africa, southwest of Algeria	Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania
Map references	Africa	Africa
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Military branches	Army, Air Force, National Guard	Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Police (Surete Nationale)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$51.1 million (2003)	$68.6 million (FY02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.3% (2003)	1.4% (FY02)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 2,529,147 (2004 est.)	males age 15-49: 2,406,337 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 1,450,795 (2004 est.)	males age 15-49: 1,257,423 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age	-	18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 114,189 (2002 est.)
National holiday	Independence Day, 22 September (1960)	Independence Day, 4 April (1960)
Nationality	noun: Malian(s) adjective: Malian	noun: Senegalese (singular and plural) adjective: Senegalese
Natural hazards	hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding	lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts
Natural resources	gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, hydropower note: bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited	fish, phosphates, iron ore
Net migration rate	-0.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Alliance for Democracy or ADEMA [Diounconda TRAORE, party chairman]; Block of Alternative for the Renewal of Africa or BARA [Yoro DIAKITE]; Democratic and Social Convention or CDS [Mamadou Bakary SANGARE, chairman]; Hope 2002 [leader NA]; Movement for the Independence, Renaissance and Integration of Africa or MIRIA [Mohamed Lamine TRAORE, Mouhamedou DICKO]; National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL, chairman]; Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Me Idrissa TRAORE]; Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Yoro DIAKITE, chairman; Tiebile DRAME, secretary general]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT [Ali GNANGADO]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Almamy SYLLA, chairman]; Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Bonbasor KEITA, chairman]; Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou Bamou TOURE, secretary general]; Union of Democratic Forces for Progress or UFDP [Youssouf TOURE, secretary general]; Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Moussa Balla COULIBALY]	African Party for Democracy and Socialism or And Jef (also known as PADS/AJ) [Landing SAVANE, secretary general]; African Party of Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; Democratic and Patriotic Convention or CDP (also known as Garab-Gi) [Dr. Iba Der THIAM]; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front for Socialism and Democracy or FSD [Cheikh Abdoulaye DIEYE]; Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]; Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; National Democratic Rally or RND [Madier DIOUF]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]; Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]; SOPI Coalition (a coalition led by the PDS) [Abdoulaye WADE]; Union for Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]; other small parties
Political pressure groups and leaders	Patriotic Movement of the Ghanda Koye or MPGK; United Movement and Fronts of Azawad or MFUA	labor; Muslim brotherhoods; students; teachers
Population	11,956,788 (July 2004 est.)	10,589,571 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	64% average; 30% of the total population living in urban areas; 70% of the total population living in rural areas) (2001 est.)	54% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate	2.78% (2004 est.)	2.91% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Koulikoro	Dakar, Kaolack, Matam, Podor, Richard Toll, Saint-Louis, Ziguinchor
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 28, shortwave 1 note: the shortwave station in Bamako has seven frequencies and five transmitters and relays broadcasts for China Radio International (2001)	AM 8, FM 20, shortwave 1 (2001)
Radios	-	1.24 million (1997)
Railways	total: 729 km narrow gauge: 729 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)	total: 906 km narrow gauge: 906 km 1.000-meter gauge (70 km double-tracked) (2001)
Religions	Muslim 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1%	Muslim 94%, indigenous beliefs 1%, Christian 5% (mostly Roman Catholic)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.97 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: domestic system unreliable but improving; provides only minimal service domestic: network consists of microwave radio relay, open-wire, and radiotelephone communications stations; expansion of microwave radio relay in progress international: country code - 223; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)	general assessment: good system domestic: above-average urban system; microwave radio relay, coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable in trunk system international: 4 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	56,600 (2002)	234,916 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular	250,000 (2003)	373,965 (2001)
Television broadcast stations	1 (plus repeaters) (2001)	1 (1997)
Terrain	mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast	generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast
Total fertility rate	6.58 children born/woman (2004 est.)	5.03 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	14.6% urban areas; 5.3% rural areas (2001 est.)	48% (urban youth 40%) (2001 est.)
Waterways	1,815 km (2004)	897 km note: 785 km on the Senegal river, and 112 km on the Saloum river

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