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Compare Mali (2002) - Mexico (2001)

Compare Mali (2002) z Mexico (2001)

 Mali (2002)Mexico (2001)
 MaliMexico
Administrative divisions 8 regions (regions, singular - region); Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou 31 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Colima, Distrito Federal*, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan de Ocampo, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro de Arteaga, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz-Llave, Yucatan, Zacatecas
Age structure 0-14 years: 47.2% (male 2,687,998; female 2,658,605)


15-64 years: 49.8% (male 2,698,789; female 2,950,276)


65 years and over: 3% (male 160,604; female 184,208) (2002 est.)
0-14 years:
33.32% (male 17,312,220; female 16,635,438)

15-64 years:
62.28% (male 30,888,015; female 32,558,359)

65 years and over:
4.4% (male 1,997,219; female 2,487,920) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats corn, wheat, soybeans, rice, beans, cotton, coffee, fruit, tomatoes; beef, poultry, dairy products; wood products
Airports 27 (2001) 1,848 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 7


2,438 to 3,047 m: 4


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2002)
total:
238

over 3,047 m:
11

2,438 to 3,047 m:
28

1,524 to 2,437 m:
90

914 to 1,523 m:
82

under 914 m:
27 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 19


1,524 to 2,437 m: 6


914 to 1,523 m: 5


under 914 m: 8 (2002)
total:
1,610

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
65

914 to 1,523 m:
470

under 914 m:
1,073 (2000 est.)
Area total: 1.24 million sq km


land: 1.22 million sq km


water: 20,000 sq km
total:
1,972,550 sq km

land:
1,923,040 sq km

water:
49,510 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of Texas slightly less than three times the size of Texas
Background The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 with a transitional government, and in 1992 when Mali's first democratic presidential election was held. After his reelection in 1997, President Alpha KONARE continued to push through political and economic reforms and to fight corruption. In keeping with Mali's two-term constitutional limit, he stepped down in 2002 and was succeeded by Amadou TOURE. The site of advanced Amerindian civilizations, Mexico came under Spanish rule for three centuries before achieving independence early in the 19th century. A devaluation of the peso in late 1994 threw Mexico into economic turmoil, triggering the worst recession in over half a century. The nation continues to make an impressive recovery. Ongoing economic and social concerns include low real wages, underemployment for a large segment of the population, inequitable income distribution, and few advancement opportunities for the largely Amerindian population in the impoverished southern states.
Birth rate 48.37 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 22.77 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $764 million


expenditures: $828 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2002 est.)
revenues:
$125 billion

expenditures:
$130 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital Bamako Mexico
Climate subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy, humid, and mild June to November; cool and dry November to February varies from tropical to desert
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 9,330 km
Constitution adopted 12 January 1992 5 February 1917
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Mali


conventional short form: Mali


local long form: Republique de Mali


local short form: Mali


former: French Sudan and Sudanese Republic
conventional long form:
United Mexican States

conventional short form:
Mexico

local long form:
Estados Unidos Mexicanos

local short form:
Mexico
Currency Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States Mexican peso (MXN)
Death rate 18.32 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 5.02 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $3.3 billion (2000) $162 billion (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Vicki HUDDLESTONE


embassy: Rue Rochester NY and Rue Mohamed V, Bamako


mailing address: B. P. 34, Bamako


telephone: [223] (2) 223-833


FAX: [223] (2) 223-712
chief of mission:
Ambassador Jeffery DAVIDOW

embassy:
Paseo de la Reforma 305, Colonia Cuauhtemoc, 06500 Mexico, Distrito Federal

mailing address:
P. O. Box 3087, Laredo, TX 78044-3087

telephone:
[52] (5) 209-9100

FAX:
[52] (5) 208-3373, 511-9980

consulate(s) general:
Ciudad Juarez, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Tijuana

consulate(s):
Hermosillo, Matamoros, Merida, Nuevo Laredo, Nogales
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Cheick Oumar DIARRAH


chancery: 2130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 332-2249, 939-8950


FAX: [1] (202) 332-6603
chief of mission:
Ambassador Juan Jose BREMER Martino

chancery:
1911 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20006

telephone:
[1] (202) 728-1600

FAX:
[1] (202) 728-1698

consulate(s) general:
Atlanta, Austin, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, El Paso, Houston, Laredo (Texas), Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Nogales (Arizona), Phoenix, Sacramento, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico)

consulate(s):
Albuquerque, Brownsville (Texas), Calexico (California), Corpus Christi, Del Rio (Texas), Detroit, Douglas (Arizona), Eagle Pass (Texas), Fresno (California), McAllen (Texas), Midland (Texas), Orlando, Oxnard (California), Philadelphia, Portland (Oregon), St. Louis, Salt Lake City, San Bernardino, San Jose, Santa Ana (California), Seattle, Tucson
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $596.4 million (2001) $1.166 billion (1995)
Economy - overview Mali is among the poorest countries in the world, with 65% of its land area desert or semidesert. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger. About 10% of the population is nomadic and some 70% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. Mali is heavily dependent on foreign aid and vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices for cotton, its main export. In 1997, the government continued its successful implementation of an IMF-recommended structural adjustment program that is helping the economy grow, diversify, and attract foreign investment. Mali's adherence to economic reform and the 50% devaluation of the African franc in January 1994 have pushed up economic growth to a sturdy 5% average in 1996-2000. In 2001, GDP decreased by 1.2% mainly due to a 50% drop in cotton production in 2000-01. Mexico has a free market economy with a mixture of modern and outmoded industry and agriculture, increasingly dominated by the private sector. The number of state-owned enterprises in Mexico has fallen from more than 1,000 in 1982 to fewer than 200 in 2000. The ZEDILLO administration privatized and expanded competition in seaports, railroads, telecommunications, electricity, natural gas distribution, and airports. A strong export sector helped to cushion the economy's decline in 1995 and led the recovery in 1996-2000. Private consumption became the leading driver of growth in 2000, accompanied by increased employment and higher real wages. Mexico still needs to overcome many structural problems as it strives to modernize its economy and raise living standards. Income distribution is very unequal, with the top 20% of income earners accounting for 55% of income. Trade with the US and Canada has tripled since NAFTA was implemented in 1994. Mexico completed free trade agreements with the EU, Israel, El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala in 2000, and is pursuing additional trade agreements with countries in Latin America and Asia to lessen its dependence on the US.
Electricity - consumption 429.66 million kWh (2000) 170.754 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) 11 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2000) 1.047 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 462 million kWh (2000) 182.492 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 43%


hydro: 57%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
fossil fuel:
74.12%

hydro:
17.75%

nuclear:
5.21%

other:
2.92% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Senegal River 23 m


highest point: Hombori Tondo 1,155 m
lowest point:
Laguna Salada -10 m

highest point:
Volcan Pico de Orizaba 5,700 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching natural fresh water resources scarce and polluted in north, inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme southeast; raw sewage and industrial effluents polluting rivers in urban areas; deforestation; widespread erosion; desertification; serious air pollution in the national capital and urban centers along US-Mexico border
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5% mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian 30%, white 9%, other 1%
Exchange rates Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro Mexican pesos per US dollar - 9.7701 (January 2001), 9.4556 (2000), 9.5604 (1999), 9.1360 (1998), 7.9185 (1997), 7.5994 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Amadou Toumani TOURE (since 8 June 2002)


head of government: Prime Minister Ahmed Mohamed Ag HAMANI (since 9 June 2002)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (two-term limit); election last held 12 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2007); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Amadou Toumani TOURE elected president; percent of vote - Amadou Toumani TOURE 64.4%, Soumaila CISSE 35.6%
chief of state:
President Vicente FOX Quesada (since 1 December 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Vicente FOX Quesada (since 1 December 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president; note - appointment of attorney general requires consent of the Senate

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 2 July 2000 (next to be held NA July 2006)

election results:
Vicente FOX Quesada elected president; percent of vote - Vicente FOX Quesada (PAN) 42.52%, Francisco LABASTIDA Ochoa (PRI) 36.1%, Cuauhtemoc CARDENAS Solorzano (PRD) 16.64%, other 4.74%
Exports $575 million f.o.b. (2001 est.) $168 billion (f.o.b., 2000), includes in-bond industries (assembly plant operations)
Exports - commodities cotton 43%, gold 40%, livestock (2001 est.) manufactured goods, oil and oil products, silver, fruits, vegetables, coffee, cotton
Exports - partners Brazil 10.6%, South Korea 9.9%, Italy 7.3%, Canada 7% (2000) US 88.6%, Canada 2%, Spain 0.9%, Germany 0.9%, Japan 0.6%, UK 0.6%, Netherlands Antilles 0.5%, Switzerland 0.3% Venezuela 0.3%, Chile 0.3% (2000 est.)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; the coat of arms (an eagle perched on a cactus with a snake in its beak) is centered in the white band
GDP purchasing power parity - $9.2 billion (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $915 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 45%


industry: 17%


services: 38% (2001 est.)
agriculture:
5%

industry:
27%

services:
68% (2000)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $840 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $9,100 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate -1.2% (2001 est.) 7.1% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 17 00 N, 4 00 W 23 00 N, 102 00 W
Geography - note landlocked; divided into three natural zones: the southern, cultivated Sudanese; the central, semiarid Sahelian; and the northern, arid Saharan strategic location on southern border of US
Heliports - 2 (2000 est.)
Highways total: 15,100 km


paved: 1,827 km


unpaved: 13,273 km (1996)
total:
323,977 km

paved:
96,221 km (including 6,335 km of expressways)

unpaved:
227,756 km (1997)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 2%


highest 10%: 40% (1994) (1994)
lowest 10%:
1.8%

highest 10%:
36.6% (1996)
Illicit drugs - illicit cultivation of opium poppy (cultivation in 2000 - 1,900 hectares; potential heroin production - 2.4 metric tons) and cannabis cultivation in 2000 - 3,900 hectares; government eradication efforts have been key in keeping illicit crop levels low; major supplier of heroin and marijuana to the US market; continues as the primary transshipment country for US-bound cocaine from South America; two major drug syndicates control majority of drug trafficking throughout the country; primary supplier of methamphetamine to the US market; growing producer and distributor of ecstasy
Imports $600 million f.o.b. (2001 est.) $176 billion (f.o.b., 2000), includes in-bond industries (assembly plant operations)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, construction materials, petroleum, foodstuffs, textiles metal-working machines, steel mill products, agricultural machinery, electrical equipment, car parts for assembly, repair parts for motor vehicles, aircraft, and aircraft parts
Imports - partners Cote d'Ivoire 21%, France 12.4%, Senegal 4%, Germany 4%, Benelux (2000) US 73.6%, Japan 3.7%, Germany 3.3%, Canada 2.3%, South Korea 2%, China 1.6%, Taiwan 1.2%, Italy 1%, Brazil 1% (2000 est.)
Independence 22 September 1960 (from France) 16 September 1810 (from Spain)
Industrial production growth rate NA 7.5% (2000 est.)
Industries food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, tourism
Infant mortality rate 119.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) 25.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 4.5% (2001 est.) 9% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIPONUH, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO APEC, BCIE, BIS, Caricom (observer), CCC, CDB, CE (observer), EBRD, ECLAC, FAO, G-3, G-6, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA (observer), IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM (observer), NEA, OAS, OECD, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 13 (2001) 51 (2000)
Irrigated land 1,380 sq km (1998 est.) 61,000 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Cour Supreme Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are appointed by the president with consent of the Senate)
Labor force 3.93 million (2001 est.) 39.8 million (2000)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture and fishing 80% (2001 est.) agriculture 20%, industry 24%, services 56% (1998)
Land boundaries total: 7,243 km


border countries: Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km
total:
4,538 km

border countries:
Belize 250 km, Guatemala 962 km, US 3,326 km
Land use arable land: 3.77%


permanent crops: 0.04%


other: 96.19% (1998 est.)
arable land:
12%

permanent crops:
1%

permanent pastures:
39%

forests and woodland:
26%

other:
22% (1993 est.)
Languages French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages Spanish, various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languages
Legal system based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court (which was formally established on 9 March 1994); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction mixture of US constitutional theory and civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 14 July and 28 July 2002 (next to be held NA July 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Hope 2002 coalition 66, ADEMA 51, other 30
bicameral National Congress or Congreso de la Union consists of the Senate or Camara de Senadores (128 seats; 96 are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms, and 32 are allocated on the basis of each party's popular vote) and the Federal Chamber of Deputies or Camara Federal de Diputados (500 seats; 300 members are directly elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; remaining 200 members are allocated on the basis of each party's popular vote, also for three-year terms)

elections:
Senate - last held 2 July 2000 for all of the seats (next to be held NA 2006); Chamber of Deputies - last held 2 July 2000 (next to be held NA 2003)

election results:
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRI 59, PAN 45, PRD 17, PVEM 5, PT 1, PCD 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRI 211, PAN 208, PRD 50, PVEM 16, PT 7, PCD 3, PSN 3, PAS 2
Life expectancy at birth total population: 47.39 years


male: 46.18 years


female: 48.64 years (2002 est.)
total population:
71.76 years

male:
68.73 years

female:
74.93 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 38%


male: 45%


female: 31% (1998 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
89.6%

male:
91.8%

female:
87.4% (1995 est.)
Location Western Africa, southwest of Algeria Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the US and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the US
Map references Africa North America
Maritime claims none (landlocked) contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - total:
43 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 590,657 GRT/920,456 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 2, cargo 1, chemical tanker 4, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 28, roll on/roll off 2, short-sea passenger 3 (2000 est.)
Military branches Army, Air Force, Gendarmerie, Republican Guard, National Guard, National Police (Surete Nationale) National Defense Secretariat (includes Army and Air Force), Navy Secretariat (includes Naval Air and Naval Infantry)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $50 million (FY01) $4 billion (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2% (FY01) 1% (FY99)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 2,369,578 (2002 est.) males age 15-49:
26,703,300 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 1,358,646 (2002 est.) males age 15-49:
19,394,184 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age

note:
starting in 2000, females will be allowed to volunteer for military service
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
1,077,536 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 22 September (1960) Independence Day, 16 September (1810)
Nationality noun: Malian(s)


adjective: Malian
noun:
Mexican(s)

adjective:
Mexican
Natural hazards hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding tsunamis along the Pacific coast, volcanoes and destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean coasts
Natural resources gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, hydropower


note: bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited
petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber
Net migration rate -0.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -2.77 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 28,200 km; petroleum products 10,150 km; natural gas 13,254 km; petrochemical 1,400 km
Political parties and leaders Alliance for Democracy or ADEMA [Diounconda Traore KEITA, party chairman]; Block of Alternative for the Renewal of Africa or BARA [Yoro DIAKITE]; Democratic and Social Convention or CDS [Mamadou Bakary SANGARE, chairman]; Movement for the Independence, Renaissance and Integration of Africa or MIRIA [Mohamed Lamine TRAORE, Mouhamedou DICKO]; National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL, chairman]; Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Me Idrissa TRAORE]; Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Yoro DIAKITE, chairman; Tiebile DRAME, secretary general]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT [Ali GNANGADO]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Almamy SYLLA, chairman]; Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Bonbasor KEITA, chairman]; Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou Bamou TOURE, secretary general]; Union of Democratic Forces for Progress or UFDP [Youssouf TOURE, secretary general]; Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Moussa Balla COULIBALY] Convergence for Democracy or CD [Dante DELGADO Ranauro]; Institutional Revolutionary Party or PRI [Dulce Maria SAURI Riancho]; Mexican Green Ecological Party or PVEM [Jorge GONZALEZ Torres]; National Action Party or PAN [Luis Felipe BRAVO Mena]; Party of the Democratic Center or PCD [Manuel CAMACHO Solis]; Party of the Democratic Revolution or PRD [Amalia GARCIA Medina]; Party of the Nationalist Society or PSN [Gustavo RIOJAIS Santana]; Social Alliance Party or PAS [Jose Antonio CALDERON Cardoso]; Workers Party or PT [Alberto ANAYA Gutierrez]
Political pressure groups and leaders Patriotic Movement of the Ghanda Koye or MPGK; United Movement and Fronts of Azawad or MFUA Confederation of Employers of the Mexican Republic or COPARMEX; Confederation of Industrial Chambers or CONCAMIN; Confederation of Mexican Workers or CTM; Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce or CONCANACO; Coordinator for Foreign Trade Business Organizations or COECE; Federation of Unions Providing Goods and Services or FESEBES; National Chamber of Transformation Industries or CANACINTRA; National Peasant Confederation or CNC; National Union of Workers or UNT; Regional Confederation of Mexican Workers or CROM; Revolutionary Confederation of Workers and Peasants or CROC; Roman Catholic Church
Population 11,340,480 (July 2002 est.) 101,879,171 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 64% average; 30% of the total population living in urban areas; 76% of the total population living in rural areas) (2001 est.) 27% (1998 est.)
Population growth rate 2.97% (2002 est.) 1.5% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Koulikoro Acapulco, Altamira, Coatzacoalcos, Ensenada, Guaymas, La Paz, Lazaro Cardenas, Manzanillo, Mazatlan, Progreso, Salina Cruz, Tampico, Topolobampo, Tuxpan, Veracruz
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 28, shortwave 1


note: the shortwave station in Bamako has seven frequencies and five transmitters and relays broadcasts for China Radio International (2001)
AM 865, FM about 500, shortwave 13 (1999)
Radios 570,000 (1997) 31 million (1997)
Railways total: 729 km


narrow gauge: 729 km 1.000-m gauge


note: linked to Senegal's rail system through Kayes (2001)
total:
31,048 km

standard gauge:
30,958 km 1.435-m gauge (246 km electrified)

narrow gauge:
90 km 0.914-m gauge (1998 est.)
Religions Muslim 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1% nominally Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 6%, other 5%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.8 male(s)/female

total population:
0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal and compulsory (but not enforced)
Telephone system general assessment: domestic system unreliable but improving; provides only minimal service


domestic: network consists of microwave radio relay, open wire, and radiotelephone communications stations; expansion of microwave radio relay in progress


international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)
general assessment:
low telephone density with about 11 main lines per 100 persons; privatized in December 1990; the opening to competition in January 1997 has brightened prospects for development

domestic:
adequate telephone service for business and government, but the population is poorly served; domestic satellite system with 120 earth stations; extensive microwave radio relay network; considerable use of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, and mobile cellular service

international:
satellite earth stations - 32 Intelsat, 2 Solidaridad (giving Mexico improved access to South America, Central America, and much of the US as well as enhancing domestic communications), numerous Inmarsat mobile earth stations; linked to Central American Microwave System of trunk connections; high capacity Columbus-2 fiber-optic submarine cable with access to the US, Virgin Islands, Canary Islands, Morocco, Spain, and Italy (1997)
Telephones - main lines in use 45,000 (2000) 9.6 million (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular 40,000 (2001) 2.02 million (1998)
Television broadcast stations 1 (plus repeaters) (2001) 236 (plus repeaters) (1997)
Terrain mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; desert
Total fertility rate 6.73 children born/woman (2002 est.) 2.62 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 14.6% urban areas; 5.3% rural areas (2001 est.) urban - 2.2% (2000); plus considerable underemployment
Waterways 1,815 km 2,900 km

note:
navigable rivers and coastal canals
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