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Compare Malawi (2003) - Guinea (2008)

Compare Malawi (2003) z Guinea (2008)

 Malawi (2003)Guinea (2008)
 MalawiGuinea
Administrative divisions 27 districts; Balaka, Blantyre, Chikwawa, Chiradzulu, Chitipa, Dedza, Dowa, Karonga, Kasungu, Likoma, Lilongwe, Machinga (Kasupe), Mangochi, Mchinji, Mulanje, Mwanza, Mzimba, Ntcheu, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Nsanje, Ntchisi, Phalombe, Rumphi, Salima, Thyolo, Zomba 33 prefectures and 1 special zone (zone special)*; Beyla, Boffa, Boke, Conakry*, Coyah, Dabola, Dalaba, Dinguiraye, Dubreka, Faranah, Forecariah, Fria, Gaoual, Gueckedou, Kankan, Kerouane, Kindia, Kissidougou, Koubia, Koundara, Kouroussa, Labe, Lelouma, Lola, Macenta, Mali, Mamou, Mandiana, Nzerekore, Pita, Siguiri, Telimele, Tougue, Yomou
Age structure 0-14 years: 46.8% (male 2,748,058; female 2,698,052)


15-64 years: 50.5% (male 2,911,892; female 2,973,723)


65 years and over: 2.7% (male 128,722; female 190,792) (2003 est.)
0-14 years: 44.3% (male 2,226,414/female 2,183,153)


15-64 years: 52.5% (male 2,611,833/female 2,610,773)


65 years and over: 3.2% (male 138,392/female 177,249) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products tobacco, sugarcane, cotton, tea, corn, potatoes, cassava (tapioca), sorghum, pulses; groundnuts, Macadamia nuts; cattle, goats rice, coffee, pineapples, palm kernels, cassava (tapioca), bananas, sweet potatoes; cattle, sheep, goats; timber
Airports 43 (2002) 16 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways total: 6


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2002)
total: 5


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 37


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 14


under 914 m: 22 (2002)
total: 11


1,524 to 2,437 m: 6


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 2 (2007)
Area total: 118,480 sq km


land: 94,080 sq km


water: 24,400 sq km
total: 245,857 sq km


land: 245,857 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Pennsylvania slightly smaller than Oregon
Background Established in 1891, the British protectorate of Nyasaland became the independent nation of Malawi in 1964. After three decades of one-party rule, the country held multiparty elections in 1994 under a provisional constitution, which took full effect the following year. National multiparty elections were held again in 1999. Guinea has had only two presidents since gaining its independence from France in 1958. Lansana CONTE came to power in 1984 when the military seized the government after the death of the first president, Sekou TOURE. Guinea did not hold democratic elections until 1993 when Gen. CONTE (head of the military government) was elected president of the civilian government. He was reelected in 1998 and again in 2003, though all the polls have been marred by irregularities. Guinea has maintained its internal stability despite spillover effects from conflict in Sierra Leone and Liberia. As those countries have rebuilt, Guinea's own vulnerability to political and economic crisis has increased. Declining economic conditions and popular dissatisfaction with corruption and bad governance prompted two massive strikes in 2006; a third nationwide strike in early 2007 sparked violent protests in many Guinean cities and prompted two weeks of martial law. To appease the unions and end the unrest, CONTE named a new prime minister in March 2007.
Birth rate 44.7 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 41.53 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget revenues: $490 million


expenditures: $523 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY 99/00 est.)
revenues: $382 million


expenditures: $817.4 million (2007 est.)
Capital Lilongwe name: Conakry


geographic coordinates: 9 33 N, 13 42 W


time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November) generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 320 km
Constitution 18 May 1994 23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale)
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Malawi


conventional short form: Malawi


former: British Central African Protectorate, Nyasaland Protectorate, Nyasaland
conventional long form: Republic of Guinea


conventional short form: Guinea


local long form: Republique de Guinee


local short form: Guinee


former: French Guinea
Currency Malawian kwacha (MWK) -
Death rate 22.64 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 15.33 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external $2.9 billion (2002) $3.298 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Stephen BROWN


embassy: Area 40, Plot 24, Kenyatta Road


mailing address: P. O. Box 30016, Lilongwe 3, Malawi


telephone: [265] (1) 773 166


FAX: [265] (1) 770 471
chief of mission: Ambassador Phillip CARTER III


embassy: Koloma, Conakry, east of Hamdallaye Circle


mailing address: B. P. 603, Transversale No. 2, Centre Administratif de Koloma, Commune de Ratoma, Conakry


telephone: [224] 30-42-08-61 through 68


FAX: [224] 30-42-08-73
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Paul Tony Steven KANDIERO


chancery: 2408 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 797-1007


FAX: [1] (202) 265-0976
chief of mission: Ambassador Mory Karamoko KABA


chancery: 2112 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 483-9420


FAX: [1] (202) 483-8688
Disputes - international dispute with Tanzania over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River remain dormant conflicts among rebel groups, warlords, and youth gangs in neighboring states have spilled over into Guinea, resulting in domestic instability; Sierra Leone considers Guinea's definition of the flood plain limits to define the left bank boundary of the Makona and Moa rivers excessive and protests Guinea's continued occupation of these lands, including the hamlet of Yenga, occupied since 1998
Economic aid - recipient $540 million (1999) $182.1 million (2005)
Economy - overview Landlocked Malawi ranks among the world's least developed countries. The economy is predominately agricultural, with about 90% of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture accounted for nearly 40% of GDP and 88% of export revenues in 2001. The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. In late 2000, Malawi was approved for relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. In November 2002 the World Bank approved a $50 million drought recovery package, which is to be used for famine relief. The government faces strong challenges, e.g., to fully develop a market economy, to improve educational facilities, to face up to environmental problems, to deal with the rapidly growing problem of HIV/AIDS, and to satisfy foreign donors that fiscal discipline is being tightened. The performance of the tobacco sector is key to short-term growth as tobacco accounts for over 50% of exports. Guinea possesses major mineral, hydropower, and agricultural resources, yet remains an underdeveloped nation. The country has almost half of the world's bauxite reserves and is the second-largest bauxite producer. The mining sector accounts for over 70% of exports. Long-run improvements in government fiscal arrangements, literacy, and the legal framework are needed if the country is to move out of poverty. Investor confidence has been sapped by rampant corruption, a lack of electricity and other infrastructure, a lack of skilled workers, and the political uncertainty due to the failing health of President Lansana CONTE. Guinea is trying to reengage with the IMF and World Bank, which cut off most assistance in 2003, and is working closely with technical advisors from the U.S. Treasury Department, the World Bank and IMF, seeking to return to a fully funded program. Growth rose slightly in 2006-07, primarily due to increases in global demand and commodity prices on world markets, but the standard of living fell. The Guinea franc depreciated sharply as the prices for basic necessities like food and fuel rose beyond the reach of most Guineans. Dissatisfaction with economic conditions prompted nationwide strikes in February and June 2006.
Electricity - consumption 715.3 million kWh (2001) 832.9 million kWh (2006)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (2006)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (2006)
Electricity - production 769.2 million kWh (2001) 840 million kWh


note: excludes electricity generated at interior mining sites (2006)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 3.3%


hydro: 96.7%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point: junction of the Shire River and international boundary with Mozambique 37 m


highest point: Sapitwa (Mount Mlanje) 3,002 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mont Nimba 1,752 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; land degradation; water pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial wastes; siltation of spawning grounds endangers fish populations deforestation; inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification; soil contamination and erosion; overfishing, overpopulation in forest region; poor mining practices have led to environmental damage
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuka, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni, Ngonde, Asian, European Peuhl 40%, Malinke 30%, Soussou 20%, smaller ethnic groups 10%
Exchange rates Malawian kwachas per US dollar - 76.69 (2002), 72.2 (2001), 59.54 (2000), 44.09 (1999), 31.07 (1998) Guinean francs per US dollar - 4,122.8 (2007), 5,350 (2006), 3,644.3 (2005), 2,225 (2004), 1,984.9 (2003)
Executive branch chief of state: President Bakili MULUZI (since 21 May 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Bakili MULUZI (since 21 May 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: 46-member Cabinet named by the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 15 June 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)


election results: Bakili MULUZI reelected president; percent of vote - Bakili MULUZI (UDF) 51.4%, Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA (MCP-AFORD) 44.3%
chief of state: President Lansana CONTE (head of military government since 5 April 1984, elected president 19 December 1993)


head of government: Prime Minister Lansana KOUYATE (since 26 February 2007)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (no term limits); candidate must receive a majority of the votes cast to be elected president; election last held 21 December 2003 (next to be held in December 2010); the prime minister is appointed by the president


election results: Lansana CONTE reelected president; percent of vote - Lansana CONTE 95.3%, Mamadou Bhoye BARRY 4.6%
Exports NA (2001) 0 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities tobacco 60%, tea, sugar, cotton, coffee, peanuts, wood products, apparel bauxite, alumina, gold, diamonds, coffee, fish, agricultural products
Exports - partners US 17.3%, Germany 13.6%, South Africa 10.2%, Egypt 6.2%, Japan 6%, Netherlands 5.5%, Russia 4.8%, UK 4.3% (2002) Russia 11.6%, Ukraine 9.6%, Spain 9%, South Korea 8.8%, France 7.7%, US 7.7%, Germany 5.4%, Ireland 5.1% (2006)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green with a radiant, rising, red sun centered in the black band three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP purchasing power parity - $6.811 billion (2002 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 37%


industry: 16%


services: 47% (2001 est.)
agriculture: 22%


industry: 40.5%


services: 37.6% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $600 (2002 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 1.7% (2002 est.) 1.5% (2007 est.)
Geographic coordinates 13 30 S, 34 00 E 11 00 N, 10 00 W
Geography - note landlocked; Lake Nyasa, some 580 km long, is the country's most prominent physical feature the Niger and its important tributary the Milo have their sources in the Guinean highlands
Government - note the executive exerts considerable influence over the legislature -
Highways total: 28,400 km


paved: 5,254 km


unpaved: 23,146 km (1999 est.)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: 1.9%


highest 10%: 41% (2006)
Imports NA (2001) 8,481 bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities food, petroleum products, semimanufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment petroleum products, metals, machinery, transport equipment, textiles, grain and other foodstuffs
Imports - partners South Africa 44.4%, Zambia 12.7%, US 5.6%, India 4.2% (2002) China 8.6%, France 8%, Netherlands 4.8%, Belgium 4.4% (2006)
Independence 6 July 1964 (from UK) 2 October 1958 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate -0.8% (2002 est.) 7.6% (2007 est.)
Industries tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods bauxite, gold, diamonds, iron; alumina refining; light manufacturing, and agricultural processing
Infant mortality rate total: 105.15 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 109.36 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 100.81 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
total: 88.58 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 93.68 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 83.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 27.4% (2001 est.) 20% (2007 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, C, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 3 (2002) -
Irrigated land 280 sq km (1998 est.) 950 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointed by the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts Court of First Instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Labor force 4.5 million (2001 est.) 3.7 million (2006 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 86% (1997 est.) agriculture: 76%


industry and services: 24% (2006 est.)
Land boundaries total: 2,881 km


border countries: Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km
total: 3,399 km


border countries: Cote d'Ivoire 610 km, Guinea-Bissau 386 km, Liberia 563 km, Mali 858 km, Senegal 330 km, Sierra Leone 652 km
Land use arable land: 19.93%


permanent crops: 1.33%


other: 78.74% (1998 est.)
arable land: 4.47%


permanent crops: 2.64%


other: 92.89% (2005)
Languages English (official), Chichewa (official), other languages important regionally French (official); note - each ethnic group has its own language
Legal system based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on French civil law system, customary law, and decree; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly (193 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 15 June 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)


election results: percent of vote by party - UDF 48%, MCP 34%, AFORD 15%, others 3%; seats by party - UDF 96, MCP 61, AFORD 30, others 6
unicameral People's National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale Populaire (114 seats; members are elected by a mixed system of direct popular vote and proportional party lists


elections: last held 30 June 2002 (next to be held in 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - PUP 61.6%, UPR 26.6%, other 11.8%; seats by party - PUP 85, UPR 20, other 9


note: legislative elections were due in 2007 but have been postponed
Life expectancy at birth total population: 37.98 years


male: 37.57 years


female: 38.39 years (2003 est.)
total population: 49.65 years


male: 48.5 years


female: 50.84 years (2007 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 62.7%


male: 76.1%


female: 49.8% (2003 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 29.5%


male: 42.6%


female: 18.1% (2003 est.)
Location Southern Africa, east of Zambia Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Military branches Army (including Air Wing and Naval Detachment), Police (including paramilitary Mobile Force Unit) Army, Navy, Air Force, Presidential Guard (2007)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $13.01 million (FY02) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.7% (FY02) 1.7% (2006)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 2,625,495 (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 1,347,248 (2003 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day (Republic Day), 6 July (1964) Independence Day, 2 October (1958)
Nationality noun: Malawian(s)


adjective: Malawian
noun: Guinean(s)


adjective: Guinean
Natural hazards NA hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season
Natural resources limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish, salt
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Chakufwa CHIHANA]; Malawi Congress Party or MCP [John TEMBO, president; Gwanda CHAKUAMBA, vice president]; Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Bakili MULUZI] - governing party National Union for Progress or UPN [Mamadou Bhoye BARRY]; Party for Unity and Progress or PUP (the governing party) [Lansana CONTE]; People's Party of Guinea or PPG [Charles Pascal TOLNO]; Rally for the Guinean People or RPG [Alpha CONDE]; Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea or UFDG [Cellou Dalein DIALLO]; Union of Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE]; Union for Progress of Guinea or UPG [Jean-Marie DORE, secretary-general]; Union for Progress and Renewal or UPR [Ousmane BAH]
Political pressure groups and leaders National Democratic Alliance [Brown MPINGANJIRA] National Confederation of Guinean Workers - Labor Union of Guinean Workers or CNTG-USTG Alliance: National Confederation of Guinean Workers [Rabiatou Sarah DIALLO] and Labor Union of Guinean Workers [Dr. Ibrahima FOFANA]; Syndicate of Guinean Teachers and Researchers or SLECG [Dr. Louis M'Bemba SOUMAH]; National Council of Civil Society Organizations of Guinea CNOSCG [Ben Sekou SYLLA]
Population 11,651,239


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2003 est.)
9,947,814 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line 54% (FY 90/91 est.) 47% (2006 est.)
Population growth rate 2.21% (2003 est.) 2.62% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Chilumba -
Radio broadcast stations AM 9, FM 5 (plus 15 repeater stations), shortwave 2 (plus a third station held in standby status) (2001) AM 0, FM 5, shortwave 3 (2006)
Railways total: 797 km


narrow gauge: 797 km 1.067-m gauge (2002)
total: 837 km


standard gauge: 175 km 1.435-m gauge


narrow gauge: 662 km 1.000-m gauge (2006)
Religions Protestant 55%, Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 20%, indigenous beliefs 3%, other 2% Muslim 85%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 7%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.781 male(s)/female


total population: 1.001 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: system employs open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephone communications stations


international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: inadequate system of open-wire lines, small radiotelephone communication stations, and new microwave radio relay system


domestic: Conakry reasonably well served; coverage elsewhere remains inadequate and large companies tend to rely on their own systems for nationwide links; combined fixed and mobile-cellular teledensity is about 2 per 100 persons


international: country code - 224; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 45,000 (2000) 26,300 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular 49,000 (2000) 189,000 (2005)
Television broadcast stations 1 (2001) 6 (2001)
Terrain narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior
Total fertility rate 6.1 children born/woman (2003 est.) 5.75 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% NA%
Waterways 144 km


note: on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire Riverall
1,300 km (navigable by shallow-draft native craft) (2005)
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