Compare Macau (2008) - Gibraltar (2003)

Compare Macau (2008) z Gibraltar (2003)

	Macau (2008)	Gibraltar (2003)

Administrative divisions	none (special administrative region of China)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Age structure	0-14 years: 15.4% (male 36,413/female 33,981) 15-64 years: 76.6% (male 166,797/female 183,088) 65 years and over: 8% (male 15,541/female 21,169) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 18.3% (male 2,593; female 2,482) 15-64 years: 66.3% (male 9,458; female 8,946) 65 years and over: 15.4% (male 1,873; female 2,424) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	only 2% of land area is cultivated, mainly by vegetable growers; fishing, mostly for crustaceans, is important; some of the catch is exported to Hong Kong	none
Airports	1 (2007)	1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2007)	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 28.2 sq km land: 28.2 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 6.5 sq km land: 6.5 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	less than one-sixth the size of Washington, DC	about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. In this agreement, China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau, and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years.	Strategically important, Gibraltar was ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; the British garrison was formally declared a colony in 1830. In referendums held in 1967 and 2002, Gibraltarians ignored Spanish pressure and voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency.
Birth rate	8.57 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	11.09 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	revenues: $4.6 billion expenditures: $3.4 billion (2006)	revenues: $307 million expenditures: $284 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY 00/01 est.)
Capital	-	Gibraltar
Climate	subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers	Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers
Coastline	41 km	12 km
Constitution	Basic Law, approved on 31 March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"	30 May 1969
Country name	conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Gibraltar
Currency	-	Gibraltar pound (GIP)
Death rate	4.59 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	8.93 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$0 (2006)	$NA
Dependency status	special administrative region of China	overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US has no offices in Macau; US Consulate General in Hong Kong is accredited to Macau	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (special administrative region of China)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	none	Gibraltar residents vote overwhelmingly in referendum against "total shared sovereignty" arrangement worked out between Spain and UK to change 300-year rule over colony
Economic aid - recipient	$13.7 million (2004)	$NA; note - if an agreement between Spain and the UK is reached, could receive 50 million euros from the EU
Economy - overview	Macau's economy has enjoyed strong growth in recent years on the back of its expanding tourism and gaming sectors. Since opening up its locally-controlled casino industry to foreign competition in 2001, the territory has attracted 10s of billions of dollars in foreign investment that have helped transform it into the world's largest gaming center. In 2006, Macau's gaming revenue surpassed that of the Las Vegas strip, and gaming-related taxes accounted for 75% of total government revenue. The expanding casino sector, and China's decision beginning in 2002 to relax travel restrictions, have reenergized Macau's tourism industry, which saw total visitors grow to 27 million in 2007, up 62% in three years. Macau's strong economic growth has put pressure its labor market prompting businesses to look abroad to meet their staffing needs. The resulting influx of non-resident workers, who totaled one-fifth of the workforce in 2006, has fueled tensions among some segments of the population. Macau's traditional manufacturing industry has been in a slow decline. In 2006, exports of textiles and garments generated only $1.8 billion compared to $6.9 billion in gross gaming receipts. Macau's textile industry will continue to move to the mainland because of the termination in 2005 of the Multi-Fiber Agreement, which provided a near guarantee of export markets, leaving the territory more dependent on gambling and trade-related services to generate growth. However, the Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between Macau and mainland China that came into effect on 1 January 2004 offers many Macau-made products tariff-free access to the mainland. Macau's currency, the Pataca, is closely tied to the Hong Kong dollar, which is also freely accepted in the territory.	Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade, offshore banking, and its position as an international conference center. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 7% to the local economy, compared with 60% in 1984. The financial sector, tourism (almost 5 million visitors in 1998), shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. The financial sector, the shipping sector, and tourism each contribute 25%-30% of GDP. Telecommunications accounts for another 10%. In recent years, Gibraltar has seen major structural change from a public to a private sector economy, but changes in government spending still have a major impact on the level of employment.
Electricity - consumption	2.37 billion kWh (2006)	93 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2006)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	964.4 million kWh (2006)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	1.67 billion kWh (2006)	100 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m	lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Rock of Gibraltar 426 m
Environment - current issues	NA	limited natural freshwater resources: large concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rainwater (no longer used for drinking water) and adequate desalination plant
Environment - international agreements	party to: Marine Dumping (associate member), Ship Pollution (associate member)	-
Ethnic groups	Chinese 95.7%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry) 1%, other 3.3% (2001 census)	Spanish, Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese
Exchange rates	patacas per US dollar - 8.011 (2007), 8.0015 (2006), 8.011 (2005), 8.022 (2004), 8.021 (2003)	Gibraltar pounds per US dollar - 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998); note - the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch	chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003) head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of one government secretary, three legislators, four businessmen, one pro-Beijing unionist, and one pro-Beijing educator elections: chief executive chosen by a 300-member Election Committee for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 29 August 2004 (next to be held in 2009) election results: Edmund HO Hau-wah reelected received 296 votes; three members submitted blank ballots; one member was absent	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor and Commander-in-Chief Sir Francis RICHARDS (since 27 May 2003) head of government: Chief Minister Peter CARUANA (since 17 May 1996) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed from among the 15 elected members of the House of Assembly by the governor in consultation with the chief minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed chief minister by the governor
Exports	21 bbl/day (2005)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	clothing, textiles, footwear, toys, electronics, machinery and parts	(principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other 8%
Exports - partners	US 44.1%, China 14.8%, Hong Kong 11.3%, Germany 7.3%, UK 4.1% (2006)	UK 27.7%, Switzerland 14.3%, Germany 12%, France 6.9%, Spain 6.1%, Turkmenistan 5%, Ukraine 4.6% (2002)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller	two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $500 million (1997 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 0.1% industry: 3.9% services: 96% (2006 est.)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $17,500 (1997 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	16.6% (2006)	NA%
Geographic coordinates	22 10 N, 113 33 E	36 8 N, 5 21 W
Geography - note	essentially urban; an area of land reclaimed from the sea measuring 5.2 sq km and known as Cotai now connects the islands of Coloane and Taipa; the island area is connected to the mainland peninsula by three bridges	strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
Heliports	1 (2007)	-
Highways	-	total: 29 km paved: 29 km unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	transshipment point for drugs going into mainland China; consumer of opiates and amphetamines	-
Imports	13,870 bbl/day (2006)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	raw materials and semi-manufactured goods, consumer goods (foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco), capital goods, mineral fuels and oils	fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs
Imports - partners	China 45.2%, Hong Kong 10.2%, Japan 8.4%, US 5.5%, Singapore 4.1%, France 4% (2006)	Germany 27.3%, Spain 21.8%, UK 12.1%, Italy 8% (2002)
Independence	none (special administrative region of China)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate	3.8%	NA%
Industries	tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys	tourism, banking and finance, ship repairing, tobacco
Infant mortality rate	total: 4.33 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.51 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.13 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	total: 5.31 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.92 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.67 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	7.2% (2006)	1.5% (1998)
International organization participation	IHO, IMF, IMO (associate), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), UNWTO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WTO	Interpol (subbureau)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Court of Final Appeal in Macau Special Administrative Region	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Labor force	275,000 (2006)	14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers)
Labor force - by occupation	manufacturing 11.1%, construction 11.7%, transport and communications 6.3%, wholesale and retail trade 13.7%, restaurants and hotels 11.3%, gambling 19.8%, public sector 7.7%, financial services 2.6%, other services and agriculture 15.7% (2006)	services 60%, industry 40%, agriculture NEGL%
Land boundaries	total: 0.34 km regional border: China 0.34 km	total: 1.2 km border countries: Spain 1.2 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages	Cantonese 87.9%, Hokkien 4.4%, Mandarin 1.6%, other Chinese dialects 3.1%, other 3% (2001 census)	English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese
Legal system	based on Portuguese civil law system	English law
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Assembly (29 seats; 12 members elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 25 September 2005 (next in September 2009) election results: percent of vote - New Democratic Macau Association 18.8%, Macau United Citizens' Association 16.6%, Union for Development 13.3%, Union for Promoting Progress 9.6%, Macau Development Alliance 9.3%, others 32.4%; seats by political group - New Democratic Macau Association 2, Macau United Citizens' Association 2, Union for Development 2, Union for Promoting Progress 2, Macau Development Alliance 1, others 3; 10 seats filled by professional and business groups; seven members appointed by chief executive	unicameral House of Assembly (18 seats - 15 elected by popular vote, one appointed for the Speaker, and two ex officio members; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 27 November 2003 (next to be held not later than NA 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - GSD 58%, GSLP 41%; seats by party - GSD 8, GSLP 7
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 82.27 years male: 79.44 years female: 85.25 years (2007 est.)	total population: 79.38 years male: 76.51 years female: 82.4 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 91.3% male: 95.3% female: 87.8% (2001 census)	definition: NA total population: above 80% male: NA% female: NA%
Location	Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China	Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain
Map references	Southeast Asia	Europe
Maritime claims	not specified	territorial sea: 3 NM
Merchant marine	-	total: 114 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,008,140 GRT/1,435,595 DWT ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 58, chemical tanker 14, container 20, multi-functional large-load carrier 3, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 13, roll on/roll off 2 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 1, Cyprus 1, France 2, Germany 55, Greece 6, Ireland 1, Monaco 2, Norway 3, United Kingdom 13 (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of China	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	no regular military forces	no regular indigenous military forces; British Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force
National holiday	National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day	National Day, 10 September (1967); note - day of the national referendum to decide whether to remain with the UK or go with Spain
Nationality	noun: Chinese adjective: Chinese	noun: Gibraltarian(s) adjective: Gibraltar
Natural hazards	typhoons	NA
Natural resources	NEGL	NEGL
Net migration rate	4.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pipelines	-	0 km
Political parties and leaders	Civil Service Union [Jose Maria Pereira COUTINHO]; Development Union [KWAN Tsui-hang]; Macau Development Alliance [Angela LEONG On-kei]; Macau United Citizens' Association [CHAN Meng-kam]; New Democratic Macau Association [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]; United Forces note: there is no political party ordinance, so there are no registered political parties; politically active groups register as societies or companies	Gibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization; Women's Association
Population	456,989 (July 2007 est.)	27,776 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	0.841% (2007 est.)	0.22% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Gibraltar
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)	Roman Catholic 76.9%, Church of England 6.9%, Muslim 6.9%, Jewish 2.3%, none or other 7% (1991)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.072 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.911 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.734 male(s)/female total population: 0.918 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage	direct election 18 years of age for some non-executive positions, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies	18 years of age; universal, plus other UK subjects who have been residents six months or more
Telephone system	general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: termination of monopoly over mobile-cellular telephone services in 2001 spurred sharp increase in subscriptions with mobile-cellular teledensity approaching 140 per 100 persons in 2006; fixed-line teledensity about 40 per 100 persons international: country code - 853; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 submarine cable network that provides links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; HF radiotelephone communication facility; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)	general assessment: adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate international facilities domestic: automatic exchange facilities international: radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	178,013 (2007)	19,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular	794,323 (2007)	1,620 (1997)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2006)	1 (plus three low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain	generally flat	a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar
Total fertility rate	1.03 children born/woman (2007 est.)	1.65 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	3.1% (2006)	2% (2001 est.)
Waterways	-	none

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