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Compare Liechtenstein (2004) - Tanzania (2001)

Compare Liechtenstein (2004) z Tanzania (2001)

 Liechtenstein (2004)Tanzania (2001)
 LiechtensteinTanzania
Administrative divisions 11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz 25 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kagera, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar North, Zanzibar Urban/West
Age structure 0-14 years: 17.8% (male 2,950; female 3,014)


15-64 years: 70.5% (male 11,745; female 11,837)


65 years and over: 11.6% (male 1,598; female 2,292) (2004 est.)
0-14 years:
44.76% (male 8,152,438; female 8,063,520)

15-64 years:
52.35% (male 9,387,737; female 9,581,518)

65 years and over:
2.89% (male 473,498; female 573,363) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves (Zanzibar), corn, wheat, cassava (tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats
Airports none (2003 est.) 126 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total:
11

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
5

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
115

1,524 to 2,437 m:
17

914 to 1,523 m:
63

under 914 m:
35 (2000 est.)
Area total: 160 sq km


land: 160 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
945,087 sq km

land:
886,037 sq km

water:
59,050 sq km

note:
includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar
Area - comparative about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC slightly larger than twice the size of California
Background The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719; it became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to enter into a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral), the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. Shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight have resulted in concerns about the use of the financial institutions for money laundering. Liechtenstein has, however, implemented new anti-money-laundering legislation and recently concluded a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty with the US. Shortly after independence, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form the nation of Tanzania in 1964. One-party rule came to an end in 1995 with the first democratic elections held in the country since the 1970s. Zanzibar's semi-autonomous status and popular opposition have led to two contentious elections since 1995, which the ruling party won despite international observers' claims of voting irregularities.
Birth rate 10.65 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) 39.65 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $424.2 million


expenditures: $414.1 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1998 est.)
revenues:
$1.21 billion

expenditures:
$1.36 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital Vaduz Dar es Salaam; note - legislative offices have been transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new national capital; the National Assembly now meets there on regular basis
Climate continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands
Coastline 0 km (doubly landlocked) 1,424 km
Constitution 5 October 1921 25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984
Country name conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein


conventional short form: Liechtenstein


local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein


local short form: Liechtenstein
conventional long form:
United Republic of Tanzania

conventional short form:
Tanzania

former:
United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar
Currency Swiss franc (CHF) Tanzanian shilling (TZS)
Death rate 6.94 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) 12.95 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $0 (2001) $6.8 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein, but the US Ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to Liechtenstein chief of mission:
Charge d'Affaires Wanda NESBITT

embassy:
140 Msese Road, Kinondoni District, Dar es Salaam

mailing address:
P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam

telephone:
[255] (22) 666010 through 666015

FAX:
[255] (22) 666701
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Claudia FRITSCHE


chancery: 1300 Eye Street NW, Suite 550W, Washington, DC 20005


telephone: [1] (202) 216-0460


FAX: [1] (202) 216-0459
chief of mission:
Ambassador Mustafa Salim NYANG'ANYI

chancery:
2139 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 939-6125

FAX:
[1] (202) 797-7408
Disputes - international Liechtenstein's royal family claims restitution for 1,600 sq km of land in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1918 dispute with Malawi over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi); a resurvey of the latitudinal boundary with Uganda in 2000 revealed a 300-meter discrepancy that both sides are currently adjudicating
Economic aid - recipient none $963 million (1997)
Economy - overview Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with its large European neighbors. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small businesses. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 20% - and easy incorporation rules have induced many holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe. Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for half of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 80% of the work force. Topography and climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops to only 4% of the land area. Industry is mainly limited to processing agricultural products and light consumer goods. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's deteriorated economic infrastructure. Growth in 1991-2000 featured a pick up in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals, led by gold. Natural gas exploration in the Rufiji Delta looks promising and production could start by 2002. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private sector growth and investment. Continued donor support and solid macroeconomic policies should allow Tanzania to achieve real GDP growth of 6% in 2001 and in 2002.
Electricity - consumption - 2.134 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 43 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 2.248 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
22.24%

hydro:
77.76%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m


highest point: Grauspitz 2,599 m
lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Kilimanjaro 5,895 m
Environment - current issues NA soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups Alemannic 86%, Italian, Turkish, and other 14% mainland - native African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, native African, mixed Arab and native African
Exchange rates Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.3467 (2003), 1.5586 (2002), 1.6876 (2001), 1.6888 (2000), 1.5022 (1999) Tanzanian shillings per US dollar - 803.34 (December 2000), 800.41 (2000), 744.76 (1999), 664.67 (1998), 612.12 (1997), 579.98 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968) note - on 15 August 2004, HANS ADAM transferred the official duties of the ruling prince to ALOIS, but HANS ADAM retains status of chief of state


head of government: Head of Government Otmar HASLER (since 5 April 2001) and Deputy Head of Government Rita KIEBER-BECK (since 5 April 2001)


cabinet: Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Diet is usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Diet is usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch
chief of state:
President Benjamin William MKAPA (since 23 November 1995); Vice President Omar Ali JUMA (since 23 November 1995); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Benjamin William MKAPA (since 23 November 1995); Vice President Omar Ali JUMA (since 23 November 1995); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

note:
Zanzibar elects a president who is head of government for matters internal to Zanzibar; Amani Abeid KARUME was elected to that office on 29 October 2000

cabinet:
Cabinet ministers, including the prime minister, are appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly

elections:
president and vice president elected on the same ballot by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Benjamin William MKAPA reelected president; percent of vote - Benjamin William MKAPA 71.7%, Ibrahim Haruna LIPUMBA 16.3%, Augustine Lyatonga MREME 7.8%, John Momose CHEYO 4.2%
Exports $2.47 billion (1996) $937 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products coffee, manufactured goods, cotton, cashew nuts, minerals, tobacco, sisal (1996)
Exports - partners EU 62.6% (Germany 24.3%, Austria 9.5%, France 8.9%, Italy 6.6%, UK 4.6%), US 18.9%, Switzerland 15.7% India 20%, UK 10%, Germany 8%, Japan 8%, Netherlands 8%, Belgium 4% (1998)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 July - 30 June
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue
GDP purchasing power parity - $825 million (1999 est.) purchasing power parity - $25.1 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA


industry: 40%


services: NA (1999)
agriculture:
49%

industry:
17%

services:
34% (1998 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $25,000 (1999 est.) purchasing power parity - $710 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 11% (1999 est.) 5.2% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 47 16 N, 9 32 E 6 00 S, 35 00 E
Geography - note along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa
Highways total: 250 km


paved: 250 km


unpaved: 0 km
total:
88,200 km

paved:
3,704 km

unpaved:
84,496 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%:
2.9%

highest 10%:
30.2% (1993)
Illicit drugs has strengthened money-laundering controls, but money laundering remains a concern due to Liechtenstein sophisticated offshore financial services sector growing role in transshipment of Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for South African, European, and US markets and of South Asian methaqualone bound for Southern Africa
Imports $917.3 million (1996) $1.57 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities agricultural products, raw materials, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil
Imports - partners EU, Switzerland South Africa 8%, Japan 8%, UK 8%, Kenya 7%, India 6%, US 5% (1998)
Independence 23 January 1719 (Principality of Liechtenstein established); 12 July 1806 (independence from the Holy Roman Empire) 26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964
Industrial production growth rate NA 8.4% (1999 est.)
Industries electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments primarily agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond and gold mining, oil refining, shoes, cement, textiles, wood products, fertilizer, salt
Infant mortality rate total: 4.77 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 6.47 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 3.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
79.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1% (2001) 6% (2000 est.)
International organization participation CE, EBRD, EFTA, IAEA, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCL, WIPO, WTO ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G- 6, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 6 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 1,500 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal or Obergericht Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court (consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts; Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the higher courts)
Labor force 29,000 of whom 19,000 are foreigners; 13,000 commute from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany to work each day (31 December 2001) 13.495 million
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 1.3%, industry 47.4%, services 51.3% (31 December 2001 est.) agriculture 80%, industry and commerce 20% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total: 76 km


border countries: Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km
total:
3,402 km

border countries:
Burundi 451 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km
Land use arable land: 25%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 75% (2001)
arable land:
3%

permanent crops:
1%

permanent pastures:
40%

forests and woodland:
38%

other:
18% (1993 est.)
Languages German (official), Alemannic dialect Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguju (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages

note:
Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources, including Arabic and English, and it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages
Legal system local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 11 February 2001 (next to be held by NA 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - FBP 49.90%, VU 41.35%, FL 8.71%; seats by party - FBP 13, VU 11, FL 1
unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (274 seats - 232 elected by popular vote, 37 allocated to women nominated by the president, five to members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives; members serve five-year terms); note - in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland; Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives to make laws especially for Zanzibar (the Zanzibar House of Representatives has 50 seats, directly elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005)

election results:
National Assembly: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CCM 244, CUF 16, CHADEMA 4, TLP 3, UDP 2, Zanzibar representatives 5; Zanzibar House of Representatives: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CCM 34, CUF 16
Life expectancy at birth total population: 79.4 years


male: 75.8 years


female: 83.02 years (2004 est.)
total population:
51.98 years

male:
51.04 years

female:
52.95 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 10 and over can read and write


total population: 100%


male: 100%


female: 100%
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write Kiswahili (Swahili), English, or Arabic

total population:
67.8%

male:
79.4%

female:
56.8% (1995 est.)
Location Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique
Map references Europe Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - total:
8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 21,987 GRT/27,121 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 2, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1, short-sea passenger 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Switzerland -
Military branches - Tanzanian People's Defense Force or TPDF (includes Army, Navy, and Air Force), paramilitary Police Field Force Unit, Militia
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $21 million (FY98/99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 0.2% (FY98/99)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
8,365,337 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
4,841,095 (2001 est.)
National holiday Assumption Day, 15 August Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April (1964)
Nationality noun: Liechtensteiner(s)


adjective: Liechtenstein
noun:
Tanzanian(s)

adjective:
Tanzanian
Natural hazards NA flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought
Natural resources hydroelectric potential, arable land hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel
Net migration rate 4.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) -0.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines gas 20 km (2004) crude oil 982 km
Political parties and leaders Patriotic Union (was Fatherland Union) or VU [Heinz FROMMELT]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Johannes MATT]; The Free List or FL [Dr. Pepo FRICK, Elisabeth TELLENBACH-FRICK, Adolf RITTER] Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo or CHADEMA [Bob MAKANI, chairman]; Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM (Revolutionary Party) [Benjamin William MKAPA, chairman]; Civic United Front or CUF [Seif Sharif HAMAD, secretary-general]; Democratic Party (unregistered) [Reverend Christopher MTIKLA, leader]; National Convention for Construction and Reform or NCCR [Kassim MAGUTU, secretary-general]; Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Augustine Lyatonga MREMA, chairman]; Union for Multiparty Democracy or UMD [leader NA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [John CHEYO, leader]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 33,436 (July 2004 est.) 36,232,074

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA 51.1% (1991 est.)
Population growth rate 0.86% (2004 est.) 2.61% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors none Bukoba, Dar es Salaam, Kigoma, Kilwa Masoko, Lindi, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pangani, Tanga, Wete, Zanzibar
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 12, FM 11, shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios - 8.8 million (1997)
Railways - total:
3,569 km (1995)

narrow gauge:
2,600 km 1.000-m gauge; 969 km 1.067-m gauge

note:
the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA), which operates 1,860 km of 1.067-m narrow gauge track between Dar es Salaam and Kapiri Mposhi in Zambia (of which 969 km are in Tanzania and 891 km are in Zambia) is not a part of Tanzania Railways Corporation; because of the difference in gauge, this system does not connect to Tanzania Railways
Religions Roman Catholic 76.2%, Protestant 7%, unknown 10.6%, other 6.2% (June 2002) mainland - Christian 45%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 20%; Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslim
Sex ratio at birth: 1 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.83 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: automatic telephone system


domestic: NA


international: country code - 423; linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay
general assessment:
fair system operating below capacity and being modernized for better service; VSAT (very small aperture terminal) system under construction

domestic:
trunk service provided by open wire, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and fiber-optic cable; some links being made digital

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 19,900 (2002) 127,000 (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular 11,400 (2002) 30,000 (1999)
Television broadcast stations NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997) 3 (1999)
Terrain mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south
Total fertility rate 1.51 children born/woman (2004 est.) 5.42 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 1.3% (September 2002) NA%
Waterways 28 km (2004) note:
Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa are principal avenues of commerce between Tanzania and its neighbors on those lakes
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