Compare Liechtenstein (2003) - Tuvalu (2007)

Compare Liechtenstein (2003) z Tuvalu (2007)

	Liechtenstein (2003)	Tuvalu (2007)

Administrative divisions	11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz	none
Age structure	0-14 years: 18.1% (male 2,979; female 3,008) 15-64 years: 70.6% (male 11,646; female 11,740) 65 years and over: 11.3% (male 1,538; female 2,234) (2003 est.)	0-14 years: 29.8% (male 1,821/female 1,752) 15-64 years: 65.2% (male 3,808/female 4,006) 65 years and over: 5% (male 227/female 378) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products	coconuts; fish
Airports	none (2002)	1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
Area	total: 160 sq km land: 160 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 26 sq km land: 26 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC	0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719; it became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to enter into a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral), the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. However, shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight have resulted in concerns about the use of the financial institutions for money laundering.	In 1974, ethnic differences within the British colony of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands caused the Polynesians of the Ellice Islands to vote for separation from the Micronesians of the Gilbert Islands. The following year, the Ellice Islands became the separate British colony of Tuvalu. Independence was granted in 1978. In 2000, Tuvalu negotiated a contract leasing its Internet domain name ".tv" for $50 million in royalties over a 12-year period.
Birth rate	10.92 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)	22.43 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	revenues: $424.2 million expenditures: $414.1 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)	revenues: $22.78 million expenditures: $14.23 million (2002)
Capital	Vaduz	name: Funafuti geographic coordinates: 8 30 S, 179 12 E time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) note: administrative offices are located in Vaiaku Village on Fongafale Islet
Climate	continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers	tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March)
Coastline	0 km (doubly landlocked)	24 km
Constitution	5 October 1921	1 October 1978
Country name	conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein conventional short form: Liechtenstein local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein local short form: Liechtenstein	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Tuvalu local long form: none local short form: Tuvalu former: Ellice Islands note: "Tuvalu" means "group of eight," referring to the country's eight traditionally inhabited islands
Currency	Swiss franc (CHF)	-
Death rate	6.85 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)	7 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	$0 (2001)	$NA
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein, but the US Ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to Liechtenstein	the US does not have an embassy in Tuvalu; the US ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tuvalu
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Claudia FRITSCHE chancery: 1300 Eye Street NW, Suite 550W, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 216-0460 FAX: [1] (202) 216-0459	Tuvalu does not have an embassy in the US - the country's only diplomatic post is in Fiji - Tuvalu does, however, have a UN office located at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400D, New York, NY 10017, telephone: [1] (212) 490-0534
Disputes - international	Liechtenstein's royal family claims restitution for 1,600 sq km of land in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1918	none
Economic aid - recipient	none	$13 million; note - major donors are Australia, Japan, and the US (1999 est.)
Economy - overview	Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with its large European neighbors. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small businesses. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 20% - and easy incorporation rules have induced many holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe.	Tuvalu consists of a densely populated, scattered group of nine coral atolls with poor soil. The country has no known mineral resources and few exports. Subsistence farming and fishing are the primary economic activities. Fewer than 1,000 tourists, on average, visit Tuvalu annually. Government revenues largely come from the sale of stamps and coins and remittances from seamen on merchant ships abroad. About 1,000 Tuvaluans are being repatriated from Nauru, with the decline of phosphate resources there. Substantial income is received annually from an international trust fund established in 1987 by Australia, NZ, and the UK and supported also by Japan and South Korea. Thanks to wise investments and conservative withdrawals, this fund grew from an initial $17 million to over $35 million in 1999. The US Government is also a major revenue source for Tuvalu because of payments from a 1988 treaty on fisheries. In an effort to reduce its dependence on foreign aid, the government is pursuing public sector reforms, including privatization of some government functions and personnel cuts of up to 7%. Tuvalu derives around $1.5 million per year from the lease of its ".tv" Internet domain name. With merchandise exports only a fraction of merchandise imports, continued reliance must be placed on fishing and telecommunications license fees, remittances from overseas workers, official transfers, and income from overseas investments.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	-
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2002)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2002)	-
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 0% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2002)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m highest point: Grauspitz 2,599 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 5 m
Environment - current issues	NA	since there are no streams or rivers and groundwater is not potable, most water needs must be met by catchment systems with storage facilities (the Japanese Government has built one desalination plant and plans to build one other); beachhead erosion because of the use of sand for building materials; excessive clearance of forest undergrowth for use as fuel; damage to coral reefs from the spread of the Crown of Thorns starfish; Tuvalu is concerned about global increases in greenhouse gas emissions and their effect on rising sea levels, which threaten the country's underground water table; in 2000, the government appealed to Australia and New Zealand to take in Tuvaluans if rising sea levels should make evacuation necessary
Environment - international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Alemannic 86%, Italian, Turkish, and other 14%	Polynesian 96%, Micronesian 4%
Exchange rates	Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.5586 (2002), 1.6876 (2001), 1.6888 (2000), 1.5022 (1999), 1.4498 (1998)	Tuvaluan dollars or Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002)
Executive branch	chief of state: Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968) head of government: Head of Government Otmar HASLER (since 5 April 2001) and Deputy Head of Government Rita KIEBER-BECK (since 5 April 2001) cabinet: Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Diet is usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Diet is usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Filoimea TELITO (since 15 April 2005) head of government: Prime Minister Apisai IELEMIA (since 14 August 2006) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by and from the members of Parliament; election last held 14 August 2006 (next to be held following parliamentary elections in 2010) election results: Apisai IELEMIA elected Prime Minister in a Parliamentary election on 14 August 2006
Exports	$2.47 billion (1996)	$1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Exports - commodities	small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products	copra, fish
Exports - partners	EU 62.6% (Germany 24.3%, Austria 9.5%, France 8.9%, Italy 6.6%, UK 4.6%), US 18.9%, Switzerland 15.7%	Germany 60.5%, Italy 20.1%, Fiji 6.9% (2006)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band	light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands
GDP	purchasing power parity - $825 million (1999 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: 40% services: NA% (1999)	agriculture: 16.6% industry: 27.2% services: 56.2% (2002)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $25,000 (1999 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	11% (1999 est.)	1.2% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	47 16 N, 9 32 E	8 00 S, 178 00 E
Geography - note	along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation	one of the smallest and most remote countries on Earth; six of the 9 coral atolls - Nanumea, Nui, Vaitupu, Nukufetau, Funafuti, and Nukulaelae - have lagoons open to the ocean; Nanumaya and Niutao have landlocked lagoons; Niulakita does not have a lagoon
Highways	total: 250 km paved: 250 km unpaved: 0 km	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	multilateral organizations engaged in issuing international guidelines for financial sector oversight found gaps in Liechtenstein's financial services controls that made it vulnerable to money laundering, but Liechtenstein has become less attractive as a haven for illicit funds, based on implementation in 2001 of new anti-money-laundering legislation and improved mutual legal assistance cooperation with other countries	-
Imports	$917.3 million (1996)	$9.186 million c.i.f. (2004 est.)
Imports - commodities	agricultural products, raw materials, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles	food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery, manufactured goods
Imports - partners	EU, Switzerland	Fiji 46.1%, Japan 18.9%, China 18.2%, Australia 7.7%, NZ 4.1% (2006)
Independence	23 January 1719 Imperial Principality of Liechtenstein established; 12 July 1806 established independence from the Holy Roman Empire	1 October 1978 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments	fishing, tourism, copra
Infant mortality rate	total: 4.85 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)	total: 18.9 deaths/1,000 live births male: 21.64 deaths/1,000 live births female: 16.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1% (2001)	3.9% (2005 est.)
International organization participation	CE, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, IAEA, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WIPO, WTrO	ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, IFRCS (observer), IMO, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	44 (Liechtenstein and Switzerland) (2000)	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal or Obergericht	High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction)
Labor force	29,000 of which 19,000 are foreigners; 13,000 commute from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany to work each day (37256)	3,615 (2004 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	industry 47.4%, services 51.3%, agriculture 1.3% (37256 est.)	note: people make a living mainly through exploitation of the sea, reefs, and atolls and from wages sent home by those abroad (mostly workers in the phosphate industry and sailors)
Land boundaries	total: 76 km border countries: Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 25% permanent crops: 0% other: 75% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 66.67% other: 33.33% (2005)
Languages	German (official), Alemannic dialect	Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui)
Legal system	local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations	NA
Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 11 February 2001 (next to be held by NA 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - FBP 49.90%, VU 41.35%, FL 8.71%; seats by party - FBP 13, VU 11, FL 1	unicameral Parliament or Fale I Fono, also called House of Assembly (15 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 3 August 2006 (next to be held in 2010) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 15
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 79.25 years male: 75.63 years female: 82.87 years (2003 est.)	total population: 68.63 years male: 66.38 years female: 70.99 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% (1981 est.)	NA
Location	Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland	Oceania, island group consisting of nine coral atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia
Map references	Europe	Oceania
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	-	total: 74 ships (1000 GRT or over) 568,759 GRT/928,697 DWT by type: bulk carrier 4, cargo 45, chemical tanker 5, container 2, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 13, refrigerated cargo 1, specialized tanker 1 foreign-owned: 61 (China 25, Hong Kong 10, Kenya 1, Maldives 1, Romania 1, Russia 4, Singapore 13, Thailand 1, Turkey 1, US 1, Vietnam 3) (2007)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Switzerland	-
Military branches	-	no regular military forces; Police Force
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	NA
National holiday	Assumption Day, 15 August	Independence Day, 1 October (1978)
Nationality	noun: Liechtensteiner(s) adjective: Liechtenstein	noun: Tuvaluan(s) adjective: Tuvaluan
Natural hazards	NA	severe tropical storms are usually rare, but, in 1997, there were three cyclones; low level of islands make them sensitive to changes in sea level
Natural resources	hydroelectric potential, arable land	fish
Net migration rate	4.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Pipelines	gas 20 km (2003)	-
Political parties and leaders	Fatherland Union or VU [Oswald KRANZ]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Ernst WALCH]; The Free List or FL [Dr. Pepo FRICK, Karin JENNY, Rene HASLER]	there are no political parties but members of Parliament usually align themselves in informal groupings
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	none
Population	33,145 (July 2003 est.)	11,992 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	0.9% (2003 est.)	1.543% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors	none	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004)
Railways	total: 18.5 km standard gauge: 18.5 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified) note: owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways (2002)	-
Religions	Roman Catholic 76.2%, Protestant 7%, unknown 10.6%, other 6.2% (June 2002)	Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, Baha'i 1%, other 0.6%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2003 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.039 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.951 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.601 male(s)/female total population: 0.954 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay	general assessment: serves particular needs for internal communications domestic: radiotelephone communications between islands international: country code - 688; international calls can be made by satellite
Telephones - main lines in use	20,072 (2000)	700 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	NA	0 (2004)
Television broadcast stations	NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997)	0 (2004)
Terrain	mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third	very low-lying and narrow coral atolls
Total fertility rate	1.5 children born/woman (2003 est.)	2.96 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	1.3% (37500)	NA%
Waterways	none	-

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