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Compare Liechtenstein (2003) - Greece (2001)

Compare Liechtenstein (2003) z Greece (2001)

 Liechtenstein (2003)Greece (2001)
 LiechtensteinGreece
Administrative divisions 11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz 51 prefectures (nomoi, singular - nomos)and 1 autonomous region*; Ayion Oros* (Mt. Athos), Aitolia kai Akarnania, Akhaia, Argolis, Arkadhia, Arta, Attiki, Dhodhekanisos, Drama, Evritania, Evros, Evvoia, Florina, Fokis, Fthiotis, Grevena, Ilia, Imathia, Ioannina, Irakleion, Kardhitsa, Kastoria, Kavala, Kefallinia, Kerkyra, Khalkidhiki, Khania, Khios, Kikladhes, Kilkis, Korinthia, Kozani, Lakonia, Larisa, Lasithi, Lesvos, Levkas, Magnisia, Messinia, Pella, Pieria, Preveza, Rethimni, Rodhopi, Samos, Serrai, Thesprotia, Thessaloniki, Trikala, Voiotia, Xanthi, Zakinthos
Age structure 0-14 years: 18.1% (male 2,979; female 3,008)


15-64 years: 70.6% (male 11,646; female 11,740)


65 years and over: 11.3% (male 1,538; female 2,234) (2003 est.)
0-14 years:
14.98% (male 820,219; female 771,466)

15-64 years:
67.3% (male 3,580,535; female 3,569,755)

65 years and over:
17.72% (male 834,234; female 1,047,626) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, olives, tomatoes, wine, tobacco, potatoes; beef, dairy products
Airports none (2002) 81 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total:
65

over 3,047 m:
6

2,438 to 3,047 m:
15

1,524 to 2,437 m:
19

914 to 1,523 m:
16

under 914 m:
9 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
16

over 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
4

under 914 m:
10 (2000 est.)
Area total: 160 sq km


land: 160 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
131,940 sq km

land:
130,800 sq km

water:
1,140 sq km
Area - comparative about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than Alabama
Background The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719; it became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to enter into a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral), the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. However, shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight have resulted in concerns about the use of the financial institutions for money laundering. Greece achieved its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1829. During the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, it gradually added neighboring islands and territories with Greek-speaking populations. Following the defeat of communist rebels in 1949, Greece joined NATO in 1952. A military dictatorship, which in 1967 suspended many political liberties and forced the king to flee the country, lasted seven years. Democratic elections in 1974 and a referendum created a parliamentary republic and abolished the monarchy; Greece joined the European Community or EC in 1981 (which became the EU in 1992).
Birth rate 10.92 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 9.83 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $424.2 million


expenditures: $414.1 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
revenues:
$45 billion

expenditures:
$47.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
Capital Vaduz Athens
Climate continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers
Coastline 0 km (doubly landlocked) 13,676 km
Constitution 5 October 1921 11 June 1975; amended March 1986
Country name conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein


conventional short form: Liechtenstein


local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein


local short form: Liechtenstein
conventional long form:
Hellenic Republic

conventional short form:
Greece

local long form:
Elliniki Dhimokratia

local short form:
Ellas or Ellada

former:
Kingdom of Greece
Currency Swiss franc (CHF) drachma (GRD); euro (EUR)

note:
on 1 January 1999, the EU introduced the euro as a common currency that is now being used by financial institutions in Greece (which entered the European Monetary Union on 1 January 2001) at a fixed rate of 340.750 drachmae per euro and will replace the local currency for all transactions in 2002
Death rate 6.85 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 9.73 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $0 (2001) $57 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein, but the US Ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to Liechtenstein chief of mission:
Ambassador R. Nicholas BURNS

embassy:
91 Vasilissis Sophias Boulevard, 10160 Athens

mailing address:
PSC 108, APO AE 09842-0108

telephone:
[30] (1) 721-2951

FAX:
[30] (1) 645-6282

consulate(s) general:
Thessaloniki
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Claudia FRITSCHE


chancery: 1300 Eye Street NW, Suite 550W, Washington, DC 20005


telephone: [1] (202) 216-0460


FAX: [1] (202) 216-0459
chief of mission:
Ambassador Alexandros PHILON

chancery:
2221 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 939-5800

FAX:
[1] (202) 939-5824

consulate(s) general:
Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco

consulate(s):
Atlanta, Houston, and New Orleans
Disputes - international Liechtenstein's royal family claims restitution for 1,600 sq km of land in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1918 complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Turkey in Aegean Sea; Cyprus question with Turkey; dispute with The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia over its name
Economic aid - recipient none $5.4 billion from EU (1997 est.)
Economy - overview Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with its large European neighbors. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small businesses. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 20% - and easy incorporation rules have induced many holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe. Greece has a mixed capitalist economy with the public sector accounting for about half of GDP. Tourism is a key industry, providing a large portion of GDP and foreign exchange earnings. Greece is a major beneficiary of EU aid, equal to about 4% of GDP. The economy has improved steadily over the last few years, as the government has tightened policy in the run-up to Greece's entry into the EU's Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) on 1 January 2001. In particular, Greece has cut its budget deficit to below 1% of GDP and tightened monetary policy, with the result that inflation fell from 20% in 1990 to 3.1% in 2000. Major challenges remaining include the reduction of unemployment and further restructuring of the economy, including the privatization of some leading state enterprises. Growth, 3.8% in 2000, may fall off to 3%-3.5% in 2001.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh 43.343 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2002) 1.65 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2002) 1.811 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 46.432 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 0%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2002)
fossil fuel:
89.6%

hydro:
9.72%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0.68% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m


highest point: Grauspitz 2,599 m
lowest point:
Mediterranean Sea 0 m

highest point:
Mount Olympus 2,917 m
Environment - current issues NA air pollution; water pollution
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups Alemannic 86%, Italian, Turkish, and other 14% Greek 98%, other 2%

note:
the Greek Government states there are no ethnic divisions in Greece
Exchange rates Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.5586 (2002), 1.6876 (2001), 1.6888 (2000), 1.5022 (1999), 1.4498 (1998) drachmae per US dollar - 380.21 (December 2000), 365.40 (2000), 305.65 (1999), 295.53 (1998), 273.06 (1997), 240.71 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968)


head of government: Head of Government Otmar HASLER (since 5 April 2001) and Deputy Head of Government Rita KIEBER-BECK (since 5 April 2001)


cabinet: Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Diet is usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Diet is usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch
chief of state:
President Konstandinos (Kostis) STEPHANOPOULOS (since 10 March 1995)

head of government:
Prime Minister Konstandinos SIMITIS (since 19 January 1996)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

elections:
president elected by Parliament for a five-year term; election last held 8 February 2000 (next to be held by NA March 2005); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Konstandinos STEPHANOPOULOS reelected president; percent of Parliament vote - 90%
Exports $2.47 billion (1996) $15.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Exports - commodities small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products manufactured goods, food and beverages, petroleum products
Exports - partners EU 62.6% (Germany 24.3%, Austria 9.5%, France 8.9%, Italy 6.6%, UK 4.6%), US 18.9%, Switzerland 15.7% EU 49% (Germany 15%, Italy 13%, UK 6%), US 6% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white; there is a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white cross; the cross symbolizes Greek Orthodoxy, the established religion of the country
GDP purchasing power parity - $825 million (1999 est.) purchasing power parity - $181.9 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: 40%


services: NA% (1999)
agriculture:
8.3%

industry:
27.3%

services:
64.4% (1998)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $25,000 (1999 est.) purchasing power parity - $17,200 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 11% (1999 est.) 3.8% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 47 16 N, 9 32 E 39 00 N, 22 00 E
Geography - note along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation strategic location dominating the Aegean Sea and southern approach to Turkish Straits; a peninsular country, possessing an archipelago of about 2,000 islands
Heliports - 2 (2000 est.)
Highways total: 250 km


paved: 250 km


unpaved: 0 km
total:
117,000 km

paved:
107,406 km (including 470 km of expressways)

unpaved:
9,594 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
3%

highest 10%:
25.3% (1993 est.)
Illicit drugs multilateral organizations engaged in issuing international guidelines for financial sector oversight found gaps in Liechtenstein's financial services controls that made it vulnerable to money laundering, but Liechtenstein has become less attractive as a haven for illicit funds, based on implementation in 2001 of new anti-money-laundering legislation and improved mutual legal assistance cooperation with other countries a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece
Imports $917.3 million (1996) $33.9 billion (c.i.f., 2000)
Imports - commodities agricultural products, raw materials, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles manufactured goods, foodstuffs, fuels, chemicals
Imports - partners EU, Switzerland EU 66% (Italy 15%, Germany 15%, France 9%, UK 6%) (1999)
Independence 23 January 1719 Imperial Principality of Liechtenstein established; 12 July 1806 established independence from the Holy Roman Empire 1829 (from the Ottoman Empire)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 7% (2000 est.)
Industries electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments tourism; food and tobacco processing, textiles; chemicals, metal products; mining, petroleum
Infant mortality rate total: 4.85 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 6.59 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 3.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
6.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1% (2001) 3.1% (2000 est.)
International organization participation CE, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, IAEA, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WIPO, WTrO Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, G- 6, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNOMIG, UPU, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 44 (Liechtenstein and Switzerland) (2000) 27 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 13,140 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal or Obergericht Supreme Judicial Court; Special Supreme Tribunal; all judges appointed for life by the president after consultation with a judicial council
Labor force 29,000 of which 19,000 are foreigners; 13,000 commute from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany to work each day (37256) 4.32 million (1999 est.)
Labor force - by occupation industry 47.4%, services 51.3%, agriculture 1.3% (37256 est.) industry 21%, agriculture 20%, services 59% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total: 76 km


border countries: Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km
total:
1,210 km

border countries:
Albania 282 km, Bulgaria 494 km, Turkey 206 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 228 km
Land use arable land: 25%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 75% (1998 est.)
arable land:
19%

permanent crops:
8%

permanent pastures:
41%

forests and woodland:
20%

other:
12% (1993 est.)
Languages German (official), Alemannic dialect Greek 99% (official), English, French
Legal system local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on codified Roman law; judiciary divided into civil, criminal, and administrative courts
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 11 February 2001 (next to be held by NA 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - FBP 49.90%, VU 41.35%, FL 8.71%; seats by party - FBP 13, VU 11, FL 1
unicameral Parliament or Vouli ton Ellinon (300 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
elections last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held by NA April 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - PASOK 43.8%, ND 42.7%, KKE 5.5%, Coalition of the Left and Progress 3.2%; seats by party - PASOK 158, ND 125, KKE 11, Coalition of the Left and Progress 6
Life expectancy at birth total population: 79.25 years


male: 75.63 years


female: 82.87 years (2003 est.)
total population:
78.59 years

male:
76.03 years

female:
81.32 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 10 and over can read and write


total population: 100%


male: 100%


female: 100% (1981 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
95%

male:
98%

female:
93% (1991 est.)
Location Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey
Map references Europe Europe
Maritime claims none (landlocked) continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

territorial sea:
6 NM
Merchant marine - total:
780 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 25,564,988 GRT/44,761,916 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 272, cargo 55, chemical tanker 22, combination bulk 5, combination ore/oil 6, container 51, liquefied gas 5, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger 14, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 255, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 20, short-sea passenger 63, specialized tanker 5, vehicle carrier 1

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: South Korea 1, UK 4 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Switzerland -
Military branches - Hellenic Army, Hellenic Navy, Hellenic Air Force, National Guard, Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $6.12 billion (FY99/00 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 4.91% (FY99/00 est.)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
2,673,539 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
2,040,227 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 21 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
77,976 (2001 est.)
National holiday Assumption Day, 15 August Independence Day, 25 March (1821)
Nationality noun: Liechtensteiner(s)


adjective: Liechtenstein
noun:
Greek(s)

adjective:
Greek
Natural hazards NA severe earthquakes
Natural resources hydroelectric potential, arable land bauxite, lignite, magnesite, petroleum, marble, hydropower potential
Net migration rate 4.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) 1.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines gas 20 km (2003) crude oil 26 km; petroleum products 547 km
Political parties and leaders Fatherland Union or VU [Oswald KRANZ]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Ernst WALCH]; The Free List or FL [Dr. Pepo FRICK, Karin JENNY, Rene HASLER] Coalition of the Left and Progress (Synaspismos) [Nikolaos KONSTANDOPOULOS]; Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Aleka PAPARIGA]; New Democracy or ND (conservative) [Konstandinos KARAMANLIS]; Panhellenic Socialist Movement or PASOK [Konstandinos SIMITIS]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 33,145 (July 2003 est.) 10,623,835 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 0.9% (2003 est.) 0.21% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors none Alexandroupolis, Elefsis, Irakleion (Crete), Kavala, Kerkyra, Chalkis, Igoumenitsa, Lavrion, Patrai, Peiraiefs (Piraeus), Thessaloniki, Volos
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 26, FM 88, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios - 5.02 million (1997)
Railways total: 18.5 km


standard gauge: 18.5 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified)


note: owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways (2002)
total:
2,548 km

standard gauge:
1,565 km 1.435-m gauge (36 km electrified; 23 km double track)

narrow gauge:
961 km 1.000-m gauge; 22 km 0.750-m gauge (a rack-type railway for steep grades)
Religions Roman Catholic 76.2%, Protestant 7%, unknown 10.6%, other 6.2% (June 2002) Greek Orthodox 98%, Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%
Sex ratio at birth: 1 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 0.99 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
at birth:
1.07 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.8 male(s)/female

total population:
0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system general assessment: automatic telephone system


domestic: NA


international: linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay
general assessment:
adequate, modern networks reach all areas; good mobile telephone and international service

domestic:
microwave radio relay trunk system; extensive open wire connections; submarine cable to offshore islands

international:
tropospheric scatter; 8 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region)
Telephones - main lines in use 20,072 (2000) 5.431 million (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 937,700 (1997)
Television broadcast stations NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997) 36 (plus 1,341 low-power repeaters); also two stations in the US Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (1995)
Terrain mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third mostly mountains with ranges extending into the sea as peninsulas or chains of islands
Total fertility rate 1.5 children born/woman (2003 est.) 1.33 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 1.3% (37500) 11.3% (2000 est.)
Waterways none 80 km

note:
system consists of three coastal canals including the Corinth Canal (6 km) which crosses the Isthmus of Corinth connecting the Gulf of Corinth with the Saronic Gulf and shortens the sea voyage from the Adriatic to Peiraiefs (Piraeus) by 325 km; there are also three unconnected rivers
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