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Compare Liechtenstein (2003) - Gibraltar (2003)

Compare Liechtenstein (2003) z Gibraltar (2003)

 Liechtenstein (2003)Gibraltar (2003)
 LiechtensteinGibraltar
Administrative divisions 11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz none (overseas territory of the UK)
Age structure 0-14 years: 18.1% (male 2,979; female 3,008)


15-64 years: 70.6% (male 11,646; female 11,740)


65 years and over: 11.3% (male 1,538; female 2,234) (2003 est.)
0-14 years: 18.3% (male 2,593; female 2,482)


15-64 years: 66.3% (male 9,458; female 8,946)


65 years and over: 15.4% (male 1,873; female 2,424) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products none
Airports none (2002) 1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Area total: 160 sq km


land: 160 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 6.5 sq km


land: 6.5 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719; it became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to enter into a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral), the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. However, shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight have resulted in concerns about the use of the financial institutions for money laundering. Strategically important, Gibraltar was ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; the British garrison was formally declared a colony in 1830. In referendums held in 1967 and 2002, Gibraltarians ignored Spanish pressure and voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency.
Birth rate 10.92 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 11.09 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget revenues: $424.2 million


expenditures: $414.1 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
revenues: $307 million


expenditures: $284 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY 00/01 est.)
Capital Vaduz Gibraltar
Climate continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers
Coastline 0 km (doubly landlocked) 12 km
Constitution 5 October 1921 30 May 1969
Country name conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein


conventional short form: Liechtenstein


local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein


local short form: Liechtenstein
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Gibraltar
Currency Swiss franc (CHF) Gibraltar pound (GIP)
Death rate 6.85 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 8.93 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external $0 (2001) $NA
Dependency status - overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein, but the US Ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to Liechtenstein none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Claudia FRITSCHE


chancery: 1300 Eye Street NW, Suite 550W, Washington, DC 20005


telephone: [1] (202) 216-0460


FAX: [1] (202) 216-0459
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international Liechtenstein's royal family claims restitution for 1,600 sq km of land in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1918 Gibraltar residents vote overwhelmingly in referendum against "total shared sovereignty" arrangement worked out between Spain and UK to change 300-year rule over colony
Economic aid - recipient none $NA; note - if an agreement between Spain and the UK is reached, could receive 50 million euros from the EU
Economy - overview Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with its large European neighbors. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small businesses. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 20% - and easy incorporation rules have induced many holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe. Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade, offshore banking, and its position as an international conference center. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 7% to the local economy, compared with 60% in 1984. The financial sector, tourism (almost 5 million visitors in 1998), shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. The financial sector, the shipping sector, and tourism each contribute 25%-30% of GDP. Telecommunications accounts for another 10%. In recent years, Gibraltar has seen major structural change from a public to a private sector economy, but changes in government spending still have a major impact on the level of employment.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh 93 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2002) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2002) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production - 100 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 0%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2002)
fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m


highest point: Grauspitz 2,599 m
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m


highest point: Rock of Gibraltar 426 m
Environment - current issues NA limited natural freshwater resources: large concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rainwater (no longer used for drinking water) and adequate desalination plant
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
-
Ethnic groups Alemannic 86%, Italian, Turkish, and other 14% Spanish, Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese
Exchange rates Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.5586 (2002), 1.6876 (2001), 1.6888 (2000), 1.5022 (1999), 1.4498 (1998) Gibraltar pounds per US dollar - 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998); note - the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch chief of state: Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968)


head of government: Head of Government Otmar HASLER (since 5 April 2001) and Deputy Head of Government Rita KIEBER-BECK (since 5 April 2001)


cabinet: Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Diet is usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Diet is usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor and Commander-in-Chief Sir Francis RICHARDS (since 27 May 2003)


head of government: Chief Minister Peter CARUANA (since 17 May 1996)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed from among the 15 elected members of the House of Assembly by the governor in consultation with the chief minister


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed chief minister by the governor
Exports $2.47 billion (1996) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products (principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other 8%
Exports - partners EU 62.6% (Germany 24.3%, Austria 9.5%, France 8.9%, Italy 6.6%, UK 4.6%), US 18.9%, Switzerland 15.7% UK 27.7%, Switzerland 14.3%, Germany 12%, France 6.9%, Spain 6.1%, Turkmenistan 5%, Ukraine 4.6% (2002)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 July - 30 June
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band
GDP purchasing power parity - $825 million (1999 est.) purchasing power parity - $500 million (1997 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: 40%


services: NA% (1999)
agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $25,000 (1999 est.) purchasing power parity - $17,500 (1997 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 11% (1999 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 47 16 N, 9 32 E 36 8 N, 5 21 W
Geography - note along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
Highways total: 250 km


paved: 250 km


unpaved: 0 km
total: 29 km


paved: 29 km


unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs multilateral organizations engaged in issuing international guidelines for financial sector oversight found gaps in Liechtenstein's financial services controls that made it vulnerable to money laundering, but Liechtenstein has become less attractive as a haven for illicit funds, based on implementation in 2001 of new anti-money-laundering legislation and improved mutual legal assistance cooperation with other countries -
Imports $917.3 million (1996) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities agricultural products, raw materials, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs
Imports - partners EU, Switzerland Germany 27.3%, Spain 21.8%, UK 12.1%, Italy 8% (2002)
Independence 23 January 1719 Imperial Principality of Liechtenstein established; 12 July 1806 established independence from the Holy Roman Empire none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments tourism, banking and finance, ship repairing, tobacco
Infant mortality rate total: 4.85 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 6.59 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 3.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
total: 5.31 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 5.92 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 4.67 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1% (2001) 1.5% (1998)
International organization participation CE, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, IAEA, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WIPO, WTrO Interpol (subbureau)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 44 (Liechtenstein and Switzerland) (2000) 2 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal or Obergericht Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Labor force 29,000 of which 19,000 are foreigners; 13,000 commute from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany to work each day (37256) 14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers)
Labor force - by occupation industry 47.4%, services 51.3%, agriculture 1.3% (37256 est.) services 60%, industry 40%, agriculture NEGL%
Land boundaries total: 76 km


border countries: Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km
total: 1.2 km


border countries: Spain 1.2 km
Land use arable land: 25%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 75% (1998 est.)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages German (official), Alemannic dialect English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese
Legal system local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations English law
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 11 February 2001 (next to be held by NA 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - FBP 49.90%, VU 41.35%, FL 8.71%; seats by party - FBP 13, VU 11, FL 1
unicameral House of Assembly (18 seats - 15 elected by popular vote, one appointed for the Speaker, and two ex officio members; members serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 27 November 2003 (next to be held not later than NA 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - GSD 58%, GSLP 41%; seats by party - GSD 8, GSLP 7
Life expectancy at birth total population: 79.25 years


male: 75.63 years


female: 82.87 years (2003 est.)
total population: 79.38 years


male: 76.51 years


female: 82.4 years (2003 est.)
Literacy definition: age 10 and over can read and write


total population: 100%


male: 100%


female: 100% (1981 est.)
definition: NA


total population: above 80%


male: NA%


female: NA%
Location Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain
Map references Europe Europe
Maritime claims none (landlocked) territorial sea: 3 NM
Merchant marine - total: 114 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,008,140 GRT/1,435,595 DWT


ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 58, chemical tanker 14, container 20, multi-functional large-load carrier 3, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 13, roll on/roll off 2


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 1, Cyprus 1, France 2, Germany 55, Greece 6, Ireland 1, Monaco 2, Norway 3, United Kingdom 13 (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Switzerland defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches - no regular indigenous military forces; British Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force
National holiday Assumption Day, 15 August National Day, 10 September (1967); note - day of the national referendum to decide whether to remain with the UK or go with Spain
Nationality noun: Liechtensteiner(s)


adjective: Liechtenstein
noun: Gibraltarian(s)


adjective: Gibraltar
Natural hazards NA NA
Natural resources hydroelectric potential, arable land NEGL
Net migration rate 4.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pipelines gas 20 km (2003) 0 km
Political parties and leaders Fatherland Union or VU [Oswald KRANZ]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Ernst WALCH]; The Free List or FL [Dr. Pepo FRICK, Karin JENNY, Rene HASLER] Gibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization; Women's Association
Population 33,145 (July 2003 est.) 27,776 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 0.9% (2003 est.) 0.22% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors none Gibraltar
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways total: 18.5 km


standard gauge: 18.5 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified)


note: owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways (2002)
-
Religions Roman Catholic 76.2%, Protestant 7%, unknown 10.6%, other 6.2% (June 2002) Roman Catholic 76.9%, Church of England 6.9%, Muslim 6.9%, Jewish 2.3%, none or other 7% (1991)
Sex ratio at birth: 1 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 0.99 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal, plus other UK subjects who have been residents six months or more
Telephone system general assessment: automatic telephone system


domestic: NA


international: linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay
general assessment: adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate international facilities


domestic: automatic exchange facilities


international: radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 20,072 (2000) 19,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 1,620 (1997)
Television broadcast stations NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997) 1 (plus three low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar
Total fertility rate 1.5 children born/woman (2003 est.) 1.65 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate 1.3% (37500) 2% (2001 est.)
Waterways none none
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