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Compare Liechtenstein (2002) - Norway (2001)

Compare Liechtenstein (2002) z Norway (2001)

 Liechtenstein (2002)Norway (2001)
 LiechtensteinNorway
Administrative divisions 11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz 19 provinces (fylker, singular - fylke); Akershus, Aust-Agder, Buskerud, Finnmark, Hedmark, Hordaland, More og Romsdal, Nordland, Nord-Trondelag, Oppland, Oslo, Ostfold, Rogaland, Sogn og Fjordane, Sor-Trondelag, Telemark, Troms, Vest-Agder, Vestfold
Age structure 0-14 years: 18.3% (male 3,003; female 3,001)


15-64 years: 70.5% (male 11,530; female 11,639)


65 years and over: 11.2% (male 1,494; female 2,175) (2002 est.)
0-14 years:
19.99% (male 462,673; female 437,514)

15-64 years:
64.91% (male 1,482,346; female 1,440,832)

65 years and over:
15.1% (male 282,307; female 397,768) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products barley, other grains, potatoes; beef, milk; fish
Airports none (2001) 103 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total:
67

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
12

1,524 to 2,437 m:
12

914 to 1,523 m:
14

under 914 m:
28 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
36

914 to 1,523 m:
5

under 914 m:
31 (2000 est.)
Area total: 160 sq km


land: 160 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
324,220 sq km

land:
307,860 sq km

water:
16,360 sq km
Area - comparative about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC slightly larger than New Mexico
Background The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719; it became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to conclude a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral) the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. However, shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight have resulted in concerns about the use of the financial institutions for money laundering. Despite its neutrality, Norway was not able to avoid occupation by Germany in World War II. In 1949, neutrality was abandoned and Norway became a member of NATO. Discovery of oil and gas in adjacent waters in the late 1960s boosted Norway's economic fortunes. The current focus is on containing spending on the extensive welfare system and planning for the time when petroleum reserves are depleted. In referenda held in 1972 and 1994, Norway rejected joining the EU.
Birth rate 11.24 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 12.6 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $424.2 million


expenditures: $414.1 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
revenues:
$71.7 billion

expenditures:
$57.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital Vaduz Oslo
Climate continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers causing glaciers to grow; rainy year-round on west coast
Coastline 0 km (doubly landlocked) 21,925 km (includes mainland 3,419 km, large islands 2,413 km, long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations 16,093 km)
Constitution 5 October 1921 17 May 1814, modified in 1884
Country name conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein


conventional short form: Liechtenstein


local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein


local short form: Liechtenstein
conventional long form:
Kingdom of Norway

conventional short form:
Norway

local long form:
Kongeriket Norge

local short form:
Norge
Currency Swiss franc (CHF) Norwegian krone (NOK)
Death rate 6.76 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 9.83 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $0 (1996) (2001) $0 (Norway is a net external creditor)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein, but the US Ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to Liechtenstein chief of mission:
Ambassador Robin Chandler DUKE

embassy:
Drammensveien 18, 0244 Oslo

mailing address:
PSC 69, Box 1000, APO AE 09707

telephone:
[47] (22) 44 85 50

FAX:
[47] (22) 43 07 77
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Claudia FRITSCHE


chancery: 1300 Eye Street NW, Suite 550W, Washington, DC 20005


telephone: [1] (202) 216-0460


FAX: [1] (202) 216-0459
chief of mission:
Ambassador Knut VOLLEBAEK

chancery:
2720 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 333-6000

FAX:
[1] (202) 337-0870

consulate(s) general:
Houston, Miami, Minneapolis, New York, and San Francisco
Disputes - international Liechtenstein's royal family claims restitution for 1,600 sq km of land in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1918 territorial claim in Antarctica (Queen Maud Land); Svalbard is the focus of a maritime boundary dispute between Norway and Russia
Economic aid - donor - ODA, $1.4 billion (1998)
Economic aid - recipient none -
Economy - overview Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with the urban areas of its large European neighbors. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small businesses. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 20% - and easy incorporation rules have induced a large number of holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe. The Norwegian economy is a prosperous bastion of welfare capitalism, featuring a combination of free market activity and government intervention. The government controls key areas, such as the vital petroleum sector (through large-scale state enterprises). The country is richly endowed with natural resources - petroleum, hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals - and is highly dependent on its oil production and international oil prices; in 1999, oil and gas accounted for 35% of exports. Only Saudi Arabia exports more oil than Norway. Oslo opted to stay out of the EU during a referendum in November 1994. Growth picked up in 2000 to 2.7%, compared to the meager 0.8% of 1999, but may fall back in 2001. The government moved ahead with privatization in 2000, even proposing the sale of up to one-third of the 100% state-owned oil company Statoil. Despite their high per capita income and generous welfare benefits, Norwegians worry about that time in the next two decades when the oil and gas begin to run out. Accordingly, Norway has been saving its oil-boosted budget surpluses in a Government Petroleum Fund, which is invested abroad and now is valued at more than $43 billion.
Electricity - consumption 313.45 million kWh NA kWh (2001) 110.795 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports NA kWh (2001) 8.28 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 232.847 million kWh NA kWh (2001) 6.467 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 121.084 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: NA%


hydro: NA% 98%


nuclear: NA%


other: NA% 2% (2001)
fossil fuel:
0.63%

hydro:
99.11%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0.26% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m


highest point: Grauspitz 2,599 m
lowest point:
Norwegian Sea 0 m

highest point:
Galdhopiggen 2,469 m
Environment - current issues NA water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and adversely affecting lakes, threatening fish stocks; air pollution from vehicle emissions
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups Alemannic 86%, Italian, Turkish, and other 14% Norwegian (Nordic, Alpine, Baltic), Sami 20,000
Exchange rates Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.6668 (January 2002), 1.6876 (2001), 1.6888 (2000), 1.5022 (1999), 1.4498 (1998), 1.4513 (1997) Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 8.7784 (January 2001), 8.8018 (2000), 7.7992 (1999), 7.5451 (1998), 7.0734 (1997), 6.4498 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968)


head of government: Head of Government Otmar HASLER (since 5 April 2001) and Deputy Head of Government Rita KIEBER-BECK (since 5 April 2001)


cabinet: Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Diet is usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Diet is usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch
chief of state:
King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991); Heir Apparent Crown Prince HAAKON MAGNUS, son of the monarch (born 20 July 1973)

head of government:
Prime Minister Jens STOLTENBERG (since 17 March 2000)

cabinet:
State Council appointed by the monarch with the approval of the Parliament

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; following parliamentary elections, the leader of the largest party or leader of a coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch with the approval of the Parliament
Exports $2.47 billion (1996) $59.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products petroleum and petroleum products, machinery and equipment, metals, chemicals, ships, fish
Exports - partners EU 62.6% (Germany 24.3%, Austria 9.5%, France 8.9%, Italy 6.6%, UK 4.6%), US 18.9%, Switzerland 15.7% EU 73% (UK 17%, Germany 11%, Netherlands 10%, Sweden 9%), US 5% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band red with a blue cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
GDP purchasing power parity - $730 million (1998 est.) purchasing power parity - $124.1 billion (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA% 40%


services: NA% (1999)
agriculture:
2%

industry:
25%

services:
73% (1999)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $23,000 (1998 est.) purchasing power parity - $27,700 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% 2.7% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 47 16 N, 9 32 E 62 00 N, 10 00 E
Geography - note along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation about two-thirds mountains; some 50,000 islands off its much indented coastline; strategic location adjacent to sea lanes and air routes in North Atlantic; one of most rugged and longest coastlines in world; Norway is the only NATO member having a land boundary with Russia
Heliports - 1 (2000 est.)
Highways total: 250 km


paved: 250 km


unpaved: 0 km
total:
91,180 km

paved:
67,838 km (including 109 km of expressways)

unpaved:
23,342 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
4.1%

highest 10%:
21.8% (1995)
Illicit drugs multilateral organizations engaged in issuing international guidelines for financial sector oversight found gaps in Liechtenstein's financial services controls that made it vulnerable to money laundering, but Liechtenstein has become less attractive as a haven for illicit funds, based on implementation in 2001 of new anti-money-laundering legislation and improved mutual legal assistance cooperation with other countries -
Imports $917.3 million (1996) $35.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities agricultural products, raw materials, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs
Imports - partners EU countries, Switzerland EU 66% (Sweden 15%, Germany 12%, UK 9%, Denmark 7%), US 10%, Japan (1999)
Independence 23 January 1719 Imperial Principality of Liechtenstein established; 12 July 1806 established independence from the Holy Roman Empire 7 June 1905 Norway declared the union with Sweden dissolved; 26 October 1905 Sweden agreed to the repeal of the union
Industrial production growth rate NA% 3% (2000 est.)
Industries electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing
Infant mortality rate 4.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) 3.94 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1% (2001) 2.9% (2000 est.)
International organization participation CE, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, IAEA, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WIPO, WTrO AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, ESA, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNTAET, UNTSO, UPU, WEU (associate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 44 (Liechtenstein and Switzerland) (2000) 13 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 970 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal or Obergericht Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (justices appointed by the monarch)
Labor force 28,783 of which 13,847 are foreigners; 8,231 commute from Austria and Switzerland to work each day 2.4 million (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation industry, trade, and building 48%, services 51%, agriculture, fishing, forestry, and horticulture 1% (37256 est.) services 74%, industry 22%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 4% (1995)
Land boundaries total: 76 km


border countries: Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km
total:
2,515 km

border countries:
Finland 729 km, Sweden 1,619 km, Russia 167 km
Land use arable land: 25%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 75% (1998 est.)
arable land:
3%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
27%

other:
70% (1993 est.)
Languages German (official), Alemannic dialect Norwegian (official)

note:
small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Legal system local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common law traditions; Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislature when asked; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 11 February 2001 (next to be held by NA 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - FBP 49.90%, VU 41.35%, FL 8.71%; seats by party - FBP 13, VU 11, FL 1
modified unicameral Parliament or Storting which, for certain purposes, divides itself into two chambers (165 seats; members are elected by popular vote by proportional representation to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 15 September 1997 (next to be held 10 September 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - Labor Party 35%, Center Party 7.9%, Conservative Party 14.3%, Christian People's Party 13.7%, Socialist Left Party 6%, Progress Party 15.3%, Liberal Party 4.4%, other parties 1.6%; seats by party - Labor Party 65, Center Party 11, Conservative Party 23, Christian People's Party 25, Socialist Left Party 9, Progress Party 25, Liberal Party 6, other parties 1

note:
for certain purposes, the Parliament divides itself into two chambers and elects one-fourth of its membership to an upper house or Lagting
Life expectancy at birth total population: 79.1 years


male: 75.47 years


female: 82.74 years (2002 est.)
total population:
78.79 years

male:
75.87 years

female:
81.92 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 10 and over can read and write


total population: 100%


male: 100%


female: 100% (1981 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
100%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden
Map references Europe Europe
Maritime claims none (landlocked) contiguous zone:
10 NM

continental shelf:
200 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
4 NM
Merchant marine - total:
764 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,667,370 GRT/32,100,208 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 89, cargo 139, chemical tanker 114, combination bulk 9, combination ore/oil 37, container 15, liquefied gas 84, passenger 10, petroleum tanker 151, refrigerated cargo 10, roll on/roll off 45, short-sea passenger 22, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 38

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Germany 1, Japan 1, Mexico 1, Sweden 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Switzerland -
Military branches - Norwegian Army, Royal Norwegian Navy (includes Coast Artillery and Coast Guard), Royal Norwegian Air Force, Home Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $3.113 billion (FY98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 2.1% (FY98)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
1,101,384 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
913,534 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 20 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
27,341 (2001 est.)
National holiday Assumption Day, 15 August Constitution Day, 17 May (1814); note - 17 May 1814 is the date of independence from Sweden, 7 June 1905 is the date Norway declared the union with Sweden was dissolved
Nationality noun: Liechtensteiner(s)


adjective: Liechtenstein
noun:
Norwegian(s)

adjective:
Norwegian
Natural hazards NA rockslides, avalanches
Natural resources hydroelectric potential, arable land petroleum, copper, natural gas, pyrites, nickel, iron ore, zinc, lead, fish, timber, hydropower
Net migration rate 4.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) 2.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - refined petroleum products 53 km
Political parties and leaders Fatherland Union or VU [Dr. Heinz FROMMELT]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Johannes MATT]; The Free List or FL [Dr. Pepo FRICK, Karin JENNY, Rene HASLER] Center Party [Odd Roger ENOKSEN]; Christian People's Party [Kiell Magne BONDEVIK]; Conservative Party [Jan PETERSEN]; Labor Party [Jens STOLTENBERG]; Liberal Party [Lars SPONHEIM]; Progress Party [Carl I. HAGEN]; Socialist Left Party [Kristin HALVORSEN]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 32,842 (July 2002 est.) 4,503,440 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 0.94% (2002 est.) 0.49% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors none Bergen, Drammen, Floro, Hammerfest, Harstad, Haugesund, Kristiansand, Larvik, Narvik, Oslo, Porsgrunn, Stavanger, Tromso, Trondheim
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 5, FM at least 650, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios 21,000 (1997) 4.03 million (1997)
Railways total: 18.5 km


standard gauge: 18.5 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified)


note: owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways (2001)
total:
4,012 km

standard gauge:
4,012 km 1.435-m gauge (2,530 km electrified; 96 km double track) (1998)
Religions Roman Catholic 76.2%, Protestant 7%, unknown 10.6%, other 6.2% (June 2002) Evangelical Lutheran 86% (state church), other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3%, other 1%, none and unknown 10% (1997)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth:
1.07 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.71 male(s)/female

total population:
0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: automatic telephone system


domestic: NA


international: linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay
general assessment:
modern in all respects; one of the most advanced telecommunications networks in Europe

domestic:
Norway has a domestic satellite system; moreover the prevalence of rural areas encourages the wide use of cellular mobile systems instead of fixed wire systems

international:
2 buried coaxial cable systems; 4 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - NA Eutelsat, NA Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Norway shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Sweden) (1999)
Telephones - main lines in use 20,072 (2000) 2.735 million (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 2,080,408 (1998)
Television broadcast stations NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997) 360 (plus 2,729 repeaters) (1995)
Terrain mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north
Total fertility rate 1.5 children born/woman (2002 est.) 1.81 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 1.3% (1999) 3% (2000 est.)
Waterways none 1,577 km (along west coast)

note:
navigable by 2.4 m maximum draft vessels
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