Compare Liechtenstein (2002) - Nauru (2003)

Compare Liechtenstein (2002) z Nauru (2003)

	Liechtenstein (2002)	Nauru (2003)

Administrative divisions	11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz	14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren
Age structure	0-14 years: 18.3% (male 3,003; female 3,001) 15-64 years: 70.5% (male 11,530; female 11,639) 65 years and over: 11.2% (male 1,494; female 2,175) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 38.9% (male 2,517; female 2,368) 15-64 years: 59.3% (male 3,681; female 3,779) 65 years and over: 1.8% (male 116; female 109) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products	coconuts
Airports	none (2001)	1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 160 sq km land: 160 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 21 sq km land: 21 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC	about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719; it became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to conclude a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral) the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. However, shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight have resulted in concerns about the use of the financial institutions for money laundering.	Nauru's phosphate deposits began to be mined early in the 20th century by a German-British consortium; the island was occupied by Australian forces in World War I. Nauru achieved independence in 1968 and joined the UN in 1999. Nauru is the world's smallest independent republic.
Birth rate	11.24 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	26.09 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	revenues: $424.2 million expenditures: $414.1 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)	revenues: $23.4 million expenditures: $64.8 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY 95/96)
Capital	Vaduz	no official capital; government offices in Yaren District
Climate	continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers	tropical; monsoonal; rainy season (November to February)
Coastline	0 km (doubly landlocked)	30 km
Constitution	5 October 1921	29 January 1968
Country name	conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein conventional short form: Liechtenstein local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein local short form: Liechtenstein	conventional long form: Republic of Nauru conventional short form: Nauru former: Pleasant Island
Currency	Swiss franc (CHF)	Australian dollar (AUD)
Death rate	6.76 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	7.08 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$0 (1996) (2001)	$33.3 million
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein, but the US Ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to Liechtenstein	the US does not have an embassy in Nauru; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Claudia FRITSCHE chancery: 1300 Eye Street NW, Suite 550W, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 216-0460 FAX: [1] (202) 216-0459	Nauru does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a UN office at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, New York 10017; telephone: (212) 937-0074 consulate(s): Hagatna (Guam)
Disputes - international	Liechtenstein's royal family claims restitution for 1,600 sq km of land in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1918	none
Economic aid - recipient	none	$2.25 million from Australia (FY96/97 est.)
Economy - overview	Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with the urban areas of its large European neighbors. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small businesses. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 20% - and easy incorporation rules have induced a large number of holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe.	Revenues of this tiny island have come from exports of phosphates, but reserves are expected to be exhausted within a few years. Phosphate production has declined since 1989, as demand has fallen in traditional markets and as the marginal cost of extracting the remaining phosphate increases, making it less internationally competitive. While phosphates have given Nauruans one of the highest per capita incomes in the Third World, few other resources exist with most necessities being imported, including fresh water from Australia. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income have been invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. The government has been borrowing heavily from the trusts to finance fiscal deficits. To cut costs the government has called for a freeze on wages, a reduction of over-staffed public service departments, privatization of numerous government agencies, and closure of some overseas consulates. In recent years Nauru has encouraged the registration of offshore banks and corporations. Tens of billions of dollars have been channeled through their accounts. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist, with estimates of Nauru's GDP varying widely.
Electricity - consumption	313.45 million kWh NA kWh (2001)	27.9 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	NA kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	232.847 million kWh NA kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	-	30 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: NA% hydro: NA% 98% nuclear: NA% other: NA% 2% (2001)	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m highest point: Grauspitz 2,599 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location along plateau rim 61 m
Environment - current issues	NA	limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater, but mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant; intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources
Environment - international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Alemannic 86%, Italian, Turkish, and other 14%	Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%
Exchange rates	Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.6668 (January 2002), 1.6876 (2001), 1.6888 (2000), 1.5022 (1999), 1.4498 (1998), 1.4513 (1997)	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.2641 (2002) 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998)
Executive branch	chief of state: Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968) head of government: Head of Government Otmar HASLER (since 5 April 2001) and Deputy Head of Government Rita KIEBER-BECK (since 5 April 2001) cabinet: Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Diet is usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Diet is usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch	chief of state: President Rene HARRIS (since 8 August 2003) note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Rene HARRIS (since 8 August 2003) note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of Parliament elections: president elected by Parliament for a three-year term; election last held 29 May 2003 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: Ludwig SCOTTY elected president 29 May 2003; Ludwig SCOTTY 10 parliamentary votes, Kinza CLODUMAR 7 note: Ludwig SCOTTY was removed from the presidency in a no-confidence vote 8 August 2003; Rene HARRIS became president
Exports	$2.47 billion (1996)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products	phosphates
Exports - partners	EU 62.6% (Germany 24.3%, Austria 9.5%, France 8.9%, Italy 6.6%, UK 4.6%), US 18.9%, Switzerland 15.7%	India 46.1%, South Korea 18.3%, Australia 10.6%, New Zealand 7.8%, Netherlands 5.6% (2002)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band	blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru
GDP	purchasing power parity - $730 million (1998 est.)	purchasing power parity - $60 million (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% 40% services: NA% (1999)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $23,000 (1998 est.)	purchasing power parity - $5,000 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	NA%
Geographic coordinates	47 16 N, 9 32 E	0 32 S, 166 55 E
Geography - note	along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation	Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator
Highways	total: 250 km paved: 250 km unpaved: 0 km	total: 30 km paved: 24 km unpaved: 6 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	multilateral organizations engaged in issuing international guidelines for financial sector oversight found gaps in Liechtenstein's financial services controls that made it vulnerable to money laundering, but Liechtenstein has become less attractive as a haven for illicit funds, based on implementation in 2001 of new anti-money-laundering legislation and improved mutual legal assistance cooperation with other countries	broad-based money-laundering center
Imports	$917.3 million (1996)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	agricultural products, raw materials, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles	food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery
Imports - partners	EU countries, Switzerland	Australia 59.3%, US 10.1%, Ireland 7.6%, Malaysia 6% (2002)
Independence	23 January 1719 Imperial Principality of Liechtenstein established; 12 July 1806 established independence from the Holy Roman Empire	31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments	phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products
Infant mortality rate	4.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: 10.33 deaths/1,000 live births male: 13 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1% (2001)	-3.6% (1993)
International organization participation	CE, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, IAEA, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WIPO, WTrO	ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, ICAO, ICCt, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	44 (Liechtenstein and Switzerland) (2000)	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal or Obergericht	Supreme Court
Labor force	28,783 of which 13,847 are foreigners; 8,231 commute from Austria and Switzerland to work each day	-
Labor force - by occupation	industry, trade, and building 48%, services 51%, agriculture, fishing, forestry, and horticulture 1% (37256 est.)	employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation
Land boundaries	total: 76 km border countries: Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 25% permanent crops: 0% other: 75% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages	German (official), Alemannic dialect	Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes
Legal system	local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations	acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law
Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 11 February 2001 (next to be held by NA 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - FBP 49.90%, VU 41.35%, FL 8.71%; seats by party - FBP 13, VU 11, FL 1	unicameral Parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 3 May 2003 (next to be held not later than May 2006) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - Nauru First Party 3, independents 15
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 79.1 years male: 75.47 years female: 82.74 years (2002 est.)	total population: 61.95 years male: 58.41 years female: 65.66 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% (1981 est.)	definition: NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%
Location	Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands
Map references	Europe	Oceania
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	contiguous zone: 24 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	-	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Switzerland	Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches	-	no regular military forces; Nauru Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	NA%
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 3,190 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 1,762 (2003 est.)
National holiday	Assumption Day, 15 August	Independence Day, 31 January (1968)
Nationality	noun: Liechtensteiner(s) adjective: Liechtenstein	noun: Nauruan(s) adjective: Nauruan
Natural hazards	NA	periodic droughts
Natural resources	hydroelectric potential, arable land	phosphates, fish
Net migration rate	4.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Fatherland Union or VU [Dr. Heinz FROMMELT]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Johannes MATT]; The Free List or FL [Dr. Pepo FRICK, Karin JENNY, Rene HASLER]	loose multiparty system; Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal) [leader NA]; Naoero Amo (Nauru First) Party [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	32,842 (July 2002 est.)	12,570 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	0.94% (2002 est.)	1.9% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	none	Nauru
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	21,000 (1997)	-
Railways	total: 18.5 km standard gauge: 18.5 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified) note: owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways (2001)	total: 5 km note: gauge unknown; used to haul phosphates from the center of the island to processing facilities on the southwest coast (2001)
Religions	Roman Catholic 76.2%, Protestant 7%, unknown 10.6%, other 6.2% (June 2002)	Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.06 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	20 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system	general assessment: automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay	general assessment: adequate local and international radiotelephone communication provided via Australian facilities domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	20,072 (2000)	2,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular	NA	450 (1994)
Television broadcast stations	NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997)	1 (1997)
Terrain	mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third	sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center
Total fertility rate	1.5 children born/woman (2002 est.)	3.4 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	1.3% (1999)	0%
Waterways	none	none

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