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Compare Liechtenstein (2002) - Jersey (2003)

Compare Liechtenstein (2002) z Jersey (2003)

 Liechtenstein (2002)Jersey (2003)
 LiechtensteinJersey
Administrative divisions 11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz none (British crown dependency)
Age structure 0-14 years: 18.3% (male 3,003; female 3,001)


15-64 years: 70.5% (male 11,530; female 11,639)


65 years and over: 11.2% (male 1,494; female 2,175) (2002 est.)
0-14 years: 17.8% (male 8,292; female 7,744)


15-64 years: 67.2% (male 30,178; female 30,410)


65 years and over: 15% (male 5,858; female 7,674) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes; beef, dairy products
Airports none (2001) 1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Area total: 160 sq km


land: 160 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 116 sq km


land: 116 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC
Background The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719; it became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to conclude a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral) the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. However, shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight have resulted in concerns about the use of the financial institutions for money laundering. The island of Jersey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Dukedom of Normandy that held sway in both France and England. These islands were the only British soil occupied by German troops in World War II.
Birth rate 11.24 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 10.44 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget revenues: $424.2 million


expenditures: $414.1 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
revenues: $601 million


expenditures: $588 million, including capital expenditures of $98 million (2000 est.)
Capital Vaduz Saint Helier
Climate continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers temperate; mild winters and cool summers
Coastline 0 km (doubly landlocked) 70 km
Constitution 5 October 1921 unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
Country name conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein


conventional short form: Liechtenstein


local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein


local short form: Liechtenstein
conventional long form: Bailiwick of Jersey


conventional short form: Jersey
Currency Swiss franc (CHF) British pound (GBP); note - there is also a Jersey pound
Death rate 6.76 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 9.17 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external $0 (1996) (2001) none
Dependency status - British crown dependency
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein, but the US Ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to Liechtenstein none (British crown dependency)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Claudia FRITSCHE


chancery: 1300 Eye Street NW, Suite 550W, Washington, DC 20005


telephone: [1] (202) 216-0460


FAX: [1] (202) 216-0459
none (British crown dependency)
Disputes - international Liechtenstein's royal family claims restitution for 1,600 sq km of land in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1918 none
Economic aid - recipient none none
Economy - overview Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with the urban areas of its large European neighbors. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small businesses. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 20% - and easy incorporation rules have induced a large number of holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe. The economy is based largely on international financial services, agriculture, and tourism. Potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes, and especially flowers are important export crops, shipped mostly to the UK. The Jersey breed of dairy cattle is known worldwide and represents an important export income earner. Milk products go to the UK and other EU countries. In 1996 the finance sector accounted for about 60% of the island's output. Tourism, another mainstay of the economy, accounts for 24% of GDP. In recent years, the government has encouraged light industry to locate in Jersey, with the result that an electronics industry has developed alongside the traditional manufacturing of knitwear. All raw material and energy requirements are imported, as well as a large share of Jersey's food needs. Light taxes and death duties make the island a popular tax haven.
Electricity - consumption 313.45 million kWh NA kWh (2001) -
Electricity - exports NA kWh (2001) -
Electricity - imports 232.847 million kWh NA kWh (2001) NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: NA%


hydro: NA% 98%


nuclear: NA%


other: NA% 2% (2001)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m


highest point: Grauspitz 2,599 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 143 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
-
Ethnic groups Alemannic 86%, Italian, Turkish, and other 14% UK and Norman-French descent
Exchange rates Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.6668 (January 2002), 1.6876 (2001), 1.6888 (2000), 1.5022 (1999), 1.4498 (1998), 1.4513 (1997) Jersey pounds per US dollar - 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998); the Jersey pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch chief of state: Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968)


head of government: Head of Government Otmar HASLER (since 5 April 2001) and Deputy Head of Government Rita KIEBER-BECK (since 5 April 2001)


cabinet: Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Diet is usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Diet is usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)


head of government: Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief Air Chief Marshall Sir John CHESHIRE (since 24 January 2001) and Bailiff Philip Martin BAILHACHE (since NA February 1995)


cabinet: committees appointed by the Assembly of the States


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; lieutenant governor and bailiff appointed by the monarch
Exports $2.47 billion (1996) $NA
Exports - commodities small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products light industrial and electrical goods, foodstuffs, textiles
Exports - partners EU 62.6% (Germany 24.3%, Austria 9.5%, France 8.9%, Italy 6.6%, UK 4.6%), US 18.9%, Switzerland 15.7% UK
Fiscal year calendar year 1 April - 31 March
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band white with a diagonal red cross extending to the corners of the flag and in the upper quadrant, surmounted by a yellow crown, a red shield holding the three lions of England in yellow
GDP purchasing power parity - $730 million (1998 est.) purchasing power parity - $2.2 billion (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA% 40%


services: NA% (1999)
agriculture: 5%


industry: 2%


services: 93% (1996)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $23,000 (1998 est.) purchasing power parity - $24,800 (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% NA%
Geographic coordinates 47 16 N, 9 32 E 49 15 N, 2 10 W
Geography - note along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation largest and southernmost of Channel Islands; about 30% of population concentrated in Saint Helier
Highways total: 250 km


paved: 250 km


unpaved: 0 km
total: 577 km


paved: NA km


unpaved: NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs multilateral organizations engaged in issuing international guidelines for financial sector oversight found gaps in Liechtenstein's financial services controls that made it vulnerable to money laundering, but Liechtenstein has become less attractive as a haven for illicit funds, based on implementation in 2001 of new anti-money-laundering legislation and improved mutual legal assistance cooperation with other countries -
Imports $917.3 million (1996) $NA
Imports - commodities agricultural products, raw materials, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, foodstuffs, mineral fuels, chemicals
Imports - partners EU countries, Switzerland UK
Independence 23 January 1719 Imperial Principality of Liechtenstein established; 12 July 1806 established independence from the Holy Roman Empire none (British crown dependency)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments tourism, banking and finance, dairy
Infant mortality rate 4.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) total: 5.43 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 5.8 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 5.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1% (2001) 4.7% (1998)
International organization participation CE, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, IAEA, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WIPO, WTrO -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 44 (Liechtenstein and Switzerland) (2000) NA
Irrigated land NA sq km NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal or Obergericht Royal Court (judges elected by an electoral college and the bailiff)
Labor force 28,783 of which 13,847 are foreigners; 8,231 commute from Austria and Switzerland to work each day 57,050 (1996)
Labor force - by occupation industry, trade, and building 48%, services 51%, agriculture, fishing, forestry, and horticulture 1% (37256 est.) -
Land boundaries total: 76 km


border countries: Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 25%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 75% (1998 est.)
arable land: NEGL%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages German (official), Alemannic dialect English (official), French (official), Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts
Legal system local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations English law and local statute; justice is administered by the Royal Court
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 11 February 2001 (next to be held by NA 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - FBP 49.90%, VU 41.35%, FL 8.71%; seats by party - FBP 13, VU 11, FL 1
unicameral Assembly of the States (55 voting members - 12 senators (elected for 6-year terms), 12 constables or heads of parishes (elected for 3-year terms), 29 deputies (elected for 3-year terms); the bailiff and the deputy bailiff; and 3 non-voting members - the Dean of Jersey, the Attorney General, and the Solicitor General all appointed by the monarch)


elections: last held NA (next to be held NA)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 52
Life expectancy at birth total population: 79.1 years


male: 75.47 years


female: 82.74 years (2002 est.)
total population: 78.93 years


male: 76.48 years


female: 81.57 years (2003 est.)
Literacy definition: age 10 and over can read and write


total population: 100%


male: 100%


female: 100% (1981 est.)
definition: NA


total population: NA%


male: NA%


female: NA%
Location Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland Western Europe, island in the English Channel, northwest of France
Map references Europe Europe
Maritime claims none (landlocked) exclusive fishing zone: 12 NM


territorial sea: 3 NM
Merchant marine - none (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Switzerland defense is the responsibility of the UK
National holiday Assumption Day, 15 August Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)
Nationality noun: Liechtensteiner(s)


adjective: Liechtenstein
noun: Channel Islander(s)


adjective: Channel Islander
Natural hazards NA NA
Natural resources hydroelectric potential, arable land arable land
Net migration rate 4.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) 2.77 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders Fatherland Union or VU [Dr. Heinz FROMMELT]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Johannes MATT]; The Free List or FL [Dr. Pepo FRICK, Karin JENNY, Rene HASLER] none; all independents
Political pressure groups and leaders NA none
Population 32,842 (July 2002 est.) 90,156 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 0.94% (2002 est.) 0.4% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors none Gorey, Saint Aubin, Saint Helier
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) AM NA, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 21,000 (1997) -
Railways total: 18.5 km


standard gauge: 18.5 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified)


note: owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways (2001)
0 km
Religions Roman Catholic 76.2%, Protestant 7%, unknown 10.6%, other 6.2% (June 2002) Anglican, Roman Catholic, Baptist, Congregational New Church, Methodist, Presbyterian
Sex ratio at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female


total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal NA years of age; universal adult
Telephone system general assessment: automatic telephone system


domestic: NA


international: linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay
general assessment: NA


domestic: NA


international: 3 submarine cables
Telephones - main lines in use 20,072 (2000) 65,500 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 4,400 (1997)
Television broadcast stations NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997) 2 (1997)
Terrain mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third gently rolling plain with low, rugged hills along north coast
Total fertility rate 1.5 children born/woman (2002 est.) 1.57 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate 1.3% (1999) 0.7% (1998 est.)
Waterways none none
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