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Compare Liechtenstein (2001) - Algeria (2002)

Compare Liechtenstein (2001) z Algeria (2002)

 Liechtenstein (2001)Algeria (2002)
 LiechtensteinAlgeria
Administrative divisions 11 communes (gemeinden, singular - gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz 48 provinces (wilayas, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger, Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanghasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen
Age structure 0-14 years:
18.41% (male 2,992; female 2,996)

15-64 years:
70.6% (male 11,455; female 11,511)

65 years and over:
10.99% (male 1,439; female 2,135) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 33.5% (male 5,512,369; female 5,311,914)


15-64 years: 62.4% (male 10,175,135; female 9,950,315)


65 years and over: 4.1% (male 610,643; female 717,566) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives, citrus, fruits; sheep, cattle
Airports none 136 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 54


over 3,047 m: 9


2,438 to 3,047 m: 27


1,524 to 2,437 m: 12


914 to 1,523 m: 5


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 82


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 23


914 to 1,523 m: 38


under 914 m: 19 (2002)
Area total:
160 sq km

land:
160 sq km

water:
0 sq km
total: 2,381,740 sq km


land: 2,381,740 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas
Background The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719; it became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to conclude a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral) the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. However, shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight have resulted in concerns about the use of the financial institutions for money laundering. After a century of rule by France, Algeria became independent in 1962. The surprising first round success of the fundamentalist FIS (Islamic Salvation Front) party in the December 1991 balloting caused the army to intervene, crack down on the FIS, and postpone the subsequent elections. The FIS response has resulted in a continuous low-grade civil conflict with the secular state apparatus, which nonetheless has allowed elections featuring pro-government and moderate religious-based parties. FIS's armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded itself in January 2000 and many armed militants surrendered under an amnesty program designed to promote national reconciliation. Nevertheless, residual fighting continues. Other concerns include Berber unrest, large-scale unemployment, a shortage of housing, and the need to diversify the petroleum-based economy.
Birth rate 11.53 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 22.34 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues:
$424.2 million

expenditures:
$414.1 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
revenues: $20.3 billion


expenditures: $18.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.8 billion (2001 est.)
Capital Vaduz Algiers
Climate continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 998 km
Constitution 5 October 1921 19 November 1976, effective 22 November 1976; revised 3 November 1988, 23 February 1989, and 28 November 1996
Country name conventional long form:
Principality of Liechtenstein

conventional short form:
Liechtenstein

local long form:
Fuerstentum Liechtenstein

local short form:
Liechtenstein
conventional long form: People's Democratic Republic of Algeria


conventional short form: Algeria


local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah


local short form: Al Jaza'ir
Currency Swiss franc (CHF) Algerian dinar (DZD)
Death rate 6.7 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 5.15 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $0 (1996) $24.7 billion (2001 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein, but the US Ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to Liechtenstein chief of mission: Ambassador Janet A. SANDERSON


embassy: 4 Chemin Cheikh Bachir El-Ibrahimi, Algiers


mailing address: B. P. Box 549, Alger-Gare, 16000 Algiers


telephone: [213] (21) 691-425/255/186


FAX: [213] (21) 69-39-79
Diplomatic representation in the US Liechtenstein's Ambassador to the US, Claudia FRITSCHE, is dually accredited to the UN in New York chief of mission: Ambassador Idriss JAZAIRY


chancery: 2118 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 265-2800


FAX: [1] (202) 667-2174
Disputes - international Liechtenstein's royal family claims restitution for 1,600 sq km of land in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1918 part of southeastern region claimed by Libya; Algeria supports exiled West Saharan Polisario Front and rejects Moroccan administration of Western Sahara
Economic aid - recipient none $100 million (1999 est.)
Economy - overview Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with the urban areas of its large European neighbors. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 18% - and easy incorporation rules have induced 73,700 holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe. The hydrocarbons sector is the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 60% of budget revenues, 30% of GDP, and over 95% of export earnings. Algeria has the fifth-largest reserves of natural gas in the world and is the second largest gas exporter; it ranks 14th in oil reserves. Algeria's financial and economic indicators improved during the mid-1990s, in part because of policy reforms supported by the IMF and debt rescheduling from the Paris Club. Algeria's finances in 2000 and 2001 benefited from the temporary spike in oil prices and the government's tight fiscal policy, leading to a large increase in the trade surplus, record highs in foreign exchange reserves, and reduction in foreign debt. The government's continued efforts to diversify the economy by attracting foreign and domestic investment outside the energy sector has had little success in reducing high unemployment and improving living standards. In 2001, the government signed an Association Treaty with the European Union that will eventually lower tariffs and increase trade.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh 21.847 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports NA kWh 210 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports NA kWh 150 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production - 23.556 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
NA%

hydro:
NA%

nuclear:
NA%

other:
NA%
fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Ruggeller Riet 430 m

highest point:
Grauspitz 2,599 m
lowest point: Chott Melrhir -40 m


highest point: Tahat 3,003 m
Environment - current issues NA soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water
Environment - international agreements party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups Alemannic 87.5%, Italian, Turkish, and other 12.5% Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%
Exchange rates Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.6303 (January 2001), 1.6888 (2000), 1.5022 (1999), 1.4498 (1998), 1.4513 (1997), 1.2360 (1996) Algerian dinars per US dollar - 77.889 (January 2002), 77.215 (2001), 75.260 (2000), 66.574 (1999), 58.739 (1998), 57.707 (1997)
Executive branch chief of state:
Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968)

head of government:
Head of Government Mario FRICK (since 15 December 1993) and Deputy Head of Government Michael RITTER (since 2 February 1997)

cabinet:
Cabinet elected by the Diet; confirmed by the monarch

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Diet is usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Diet is usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch
chief of state: President Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA (since 28 April 1999)


head of government: Prime Minister Ali BENFLIS (since 26 August 2000)


cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 15 April 1999 (next to be held NA April 2004); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA elected president; percent of vote - Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA over 70%; note - his six opposing candidates withdrew on the eve of the election citing electoral fraud
Exports $2.47 billion (1996) $19.5 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Exports - commodities small specialty machinery, dental products, stamps, hardware, pottery petroleum, natural gas, and petroleum products 97%
Exports - partners EU and EFTA countries 60.57% (Switzerland 15.7%) (1995) Italy 23%, Spain 13%, US 13%, France 11%, Brazil 7%, (2000)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam (the state religion)
GDP purchasing power parity - $730 million (1998 est.) purchasing power parity - $177 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
agriculture: 17%


industry: 33%


services: 50% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $23,000 (1998 est.) purchasing power parity - $5,600 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% 3.8% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 47 10 N, 9 32 E 28 00 N, 3 00 E
Geography - note along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation second-largest country in Africa (after Sudan)
Heliports - 1 (2002)
Highways total:
250 km

paved:
250 km

unpaved:
0 km
total: 104,000 km


paved: 71,656 km (including 640 km of expressways)


unpaved: 32,344 km (1996 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: 4%


highest 10%: 25% (1995) (1995)
Illicit drugs multilateral organizations engaged in issuing international guidelines for financial sector oversight have found gaps in Liechtenstein's financial services controls that make it vulnerable to money laundering -
Imports $917.3 million (1996) $10.6 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles capital goods, food and beverages, consumer goods
Imports - partners EU countries, Switzerland (1996) France 29%, US 9%, Italy 8%, Germany 6%, Spain 5% (2000)
Independence 23 January 1719 Imperial Principality of Liechtenstein established; 12 July 1806 established independence from the Holy Roman Empire 5 July 1962 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 6% (2001 est.)
Industries electronics, metal manufacturing, textiles, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing
Infant mortality rate 4.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 39.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 0.5% (1997 est.) 3% (2001 est.)
International organization participation CE, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, IAEA, ICRM, IFRCS, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO (observer), WIPO, WTrO ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OAU, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 44 (Liechtenstein and Switzerland) (2000) 2 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 5,600 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Superior Court or Obergericht Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Labor force 22,891 of which 13,847 are foreigners; 8,231 commute from Austria and Switzerland to work each day 9.4 million (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation industry, trade, and building 45%, services 53%, agriculture, fishing, forestry, and horticulture 2% (1997 est.) government 29%, agriculture 25%, construction and public works 15%, industry 11%, other 20% (1996 est.)
Land boundaries total:
76 km

border countries:
Austria 35 km, Switzerland 41 km
total: 6,343 km


border countries: Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km, Morocco 1,559 km, Niger 956 km, Tunisia 965 km, Western Sahara 42 km
Land use arable land:
24%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
16%

forests and woodland:
35%

other:
25% (1993 est.)
arable land: 3.21%


permanent crops: 0.21%


other: 96.58% (1998 est.)
Languages German (official), Alemannic dialect Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects
Legal system local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations socialist, based on French and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Diet or Landtag (25 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held on 9-11 February 2001 (next to be held by NA 2005)

election results:
percent of vote by party - FBP 49.90%, VU 41.35%, FL 8.71%; seats by party - FBP 13, VU 11, FL 1
bicameral Parliament consists of the National People's Assembly or Al-Majlis Ech-Chaabi Al-Watani (389 seats - changed from 380 seats in the 2002 elections; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Council of Nations (144 seats; one-third of the members appointed by the president, two-thirds elected by indirect vote; members serve six-year terms; the constitution requires half the council to be renewed every three years)


elections: National People's Assembly - last held 30 May 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); Council of Nations - last held 30 December 2000 (next to be held NA 2003)


election results: National People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FLN 199, RND 48, MRN 43, MSP 38, PT 21, FNA 8, Nahda 1, PRA 1, MEN 1, independents 29; Council of Nations - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RND 79, FLN 12, FFS 4, MSP 1 (remaining 48 seats appointed by the president, party breakdown NA)
Life expectancy at birth total population:
78.95 years

male:
75.32 years

female:
82.6 years (2001 est.)
total population: 70.24 years


male: 68.87 years


female: 71.67 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 10 and over can read and write

total population:
100%

male:
100%

female:
100% (1981 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 61.6%


male: 73.9%


female: 49% (1995 est.)
Location Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia
Map references Europe Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) exclusive fishing zone: 32-52 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - total: 73 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 903,944 GRT/1,051,433 DWT


ships by type: bulk 9, cargo 25, chemical tanker 7, liquefied gas 10, petroleum tanker 5, roll on/roll off 12, short-sea passenger 4, specialized tanker 1, includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: United Arab Emirates 2 (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Switzerland -
Military branches - Peoples National Army (ANP), Algerian National Navy (ANN), Air Force, Territorial Air Defense, National Gendarmerie
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $1.87 billion (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 4.1% (FY99)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 9,016,048 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 5,513,317 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 19 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 388,939 (2002 est.)
National holiday Assumption Day, 15 August Revolution Day, 1 November (1954)
Nationality noun:
Liechtensteiner(s)

adjective:
Liechtenstein
noun: Algerian(s)


adjective: Algerian
Natural hazards NA mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season
Natural resources hydroelectric potential, arable land petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc
Net migration rate 4.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -0.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 6,612 km; petroleum products 298 km; natural gas 2,948 km
Political parties and leaders Fatherland Union or VU [Dr. Oswald KRANZ]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Dr. Ernst WALCH]; The Free List or FL [Dr. Pepo FRICK, Karin JENNY, Rene HASLER] Algerian National Front or FNA [Moussa TOUATI]; Democratic National Rally or RND [Ahmed OUYAHIA, chairman]; Islamic Salvation Front or FIS (outlawed April 1992) [Ali BELHADJ and Dr. Abassi MADANI (imprisoned), Rabeh KEBIR (self-exile in Germany)]; Movement of a Peaceful Society or MSP [Mahfoud NAHNAH, chairman]; National Entente Movement or MEN [Ali BOUKHAZNA]; National Liberation Front or FLN [Boualem BENHAMOUDA, secretary general]; National Reform Movement or MRN [Abdellah DJABALLAH]; National Renewal Party or PRA [leader NA]; Progressive Republican Party [Khadir DRISS]; Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD [Said SAADI, secretary general]; Renaissance Movement or EnNahda Movement [Lahbib ADAMI]; Social Liberal Party or PSL [Ahmed KHELIL]; Socialist Forces Front or FFS [Hocine Ait AHMED, secretary general (self-exile in Switzerland)]; Union for Democracy and Liberty [Mouley BOUKHALAFA]; Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUN]


note: a law banning political parties based on religion was enacted in March 1997
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 32,528 (July 2001 est.) 32,277,942 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 23% (1999 est.)
Population growth rate 0.98% (2001 est.) 1.68% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors none Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Beni Saf, Dellys, Djendjene, Ghazaouet, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, Skikda, Tenes
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 25, FM 1, shortwave 8 (1999)
Radios 21,000 (1997) 7.1 million (1997)
Railways total:
18.5 km; note - owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways

standard gauge:
18.5 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified)
total: 4,820 km


standard gauge: 3,664 km 1.435-m gauge (301 km electrified; 215 km double-track)


narrow gauge: 1,156 km 1.055-m gauge (1999 est.)
Religions Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 7.4%, unknown 7.7%, other 4.9% (1996) Sunni Muslim (state religion) 99%, Christian and Jewish 1%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.01 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.67 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female


total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 20 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
automatic telephone system

domestic:
NA

international:
linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay
general assessment: telephone density in Algeria is very low, not exceeding five telephones per 100 persons; the number of fixed main lines increased in the last few years to a little more than 2,000,000, but only about two-thirds of these have subscribers; much of the infrastructure is outdated and inefficient


domestic: good service in north but sparse in south; domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations (20 additional domestic earth stations are planned)


international: 5 submarine cables; microwave radio relay to Italy, France, Spain, Morocco, and Tunisia; coaxial cable to Morocco and Tunisia; participant in Medarabtel; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat (1998)
Telephones - main lines in use 20,000 (1997) 2.3 million (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 33,500 (1999)
Television broadcast stations NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997) 46 (plus 216 repeaters) (1995)
Terrain mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third mostly high plateau and desert; some mountains; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain
Total fertility rate 1.5 children born/woman (2001 est.) 2.63 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 1.8% (February 1999) 34% (2001 est.)
Waterways none none
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