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Compare Kyrgyzstan (2001) - Nauru (2001)

Compare Kyrgyzstan (2001) z Nauru (2001)

 Kyrgyzstan (2001)Nauru (2001)
 KyrgyzstanNauru
Administrative divisions 7 oblastlar (singular - oblast) and 1 city* (singular - shaar); Batken Oblasty, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblasty (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblasty, Naryn Oblasty, Osh Oblasty, Talas Oblasty, Ysyk-Kol Oblasty (Karakol)

note:
administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren
Age structure 0-14 years:
35.03% (male 841,029; female 823,723)

15-64 years:
58.83% (male 1,369,842; female 1,426,522)

65 years and over:
6.14% (male 110,340; female 181,547) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
40.33% (male 2,510; female 2,365)

15-64 years:
57.97% (male 3,475; female 3,533)

65 years and over:
1.7% (male 103; female 102) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products tobacco, cotton, potatoes, vegetables, grapes, fruits and berries; sheep, goats, cattle, wool coconuts
Airports 50 (2000 est.) 1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
4

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
46

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
5

914 to 1,523 m:
6

under 914 m:
32 (2000 est.)
-
Area total:
198,500 sq km

land:
191,300 sq km

water:
7,200 sq km
total:
21 sq km

land:
21 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than South Dakota about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background A Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions, Kyrgyzstan was annexed by Russia in 1864; it achieved independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Current concerns include: privatization of state-owned enterprises, expansion of democracy and political freedoms, inter-ethnic relations, and terrorism. Nauru's phosphate deposits began to be mined early in the 20th century by a German-British consortium; the island was occupied by Australian forces in World War I. Upon achieving independence in 1968, Nauru became the smallest independent republic in the world; it joined the UN in 1999.
Birth rate 26.18 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 27.22 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$207.4 million

expenditures:
$238.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
revenues:
$23.4 million

expenditures:
$64.8 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY95/96)
Capital Bishkek no official capital; government offices in Yaren District
Climate dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone tropical; monsoonal; rainy season (November to February)
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 30 km
Constitution adopted 5 May 1993; note - amendment proposed by President AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 10 February 1996 significantly expands the powers of the president at the expense of the legislature 29 January 1968
Country name conventional long form:
Kyrgyz Republic

conventional short form:
Kyrgyzstan

local long form:
Kyrgyz Respublikasy

local short form:
none

former:
Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic
conventional long form:
Republic of Nauru

conventional short form:
Nauru

former:
Pleasant Island
Currency Kyrgyzstani som (KGS) Australian dollar (AUD)
Death rate 9.13 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 7.2 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $1.4 billion (2000 est.) $33.3 million
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador John M. O'KEEFE

embassy:
171 Prospect Mira, 720016 Bishkek

mailing address:
use embassy street address

telephone:
[996] (312) 551-241, (517) 777-217

FAX:
[996] (312) 551-264
the US does not have an embassy in Nauru; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Bakyt ABDRISAYEV

chancery:
1732 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007

telephone:
[1] (202) 338-5141

FAX:
[1] (202) 338-5139
Nauru does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a UN office at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, New York 10017; telephone: (212) 937-0074

consulate(s):
Hagatna (Guam)
Disputes - international territorial dispute with Tajikistan on southwestern boundary in Isfara Valley area; periodic target of Islamic insurgents from Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan none
Economic aid - recipient $329.4 million (1995) $2.25 million from Australia (FY96/97 est.)
Economy - overview Kyrgyzstan is a small, poor, mountainous country with a predominantly agricultural economy. Cotton, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products and exports. Industrial exports include gold, mercury, uranium, and electricity. Kyrgyzstan has been one of the most progressive countries of the former Soviet Union in carrying out market reforms. Following a successful stabilization program, which lowered inflation from 88% in 1994 to 15% for 1997, attention is turning toward stimulating growth. Much of the government's stock in enterprises has been sold. Drops in production had been severe since the breakup of the Soviet Union in December 1991, but by mid-1995 production began to recover and exports began to increase. Pensioners, unemployed workers, and government workers with salary arrears continue to suffer. Foreign assistance played a substantial role in the country's economic turnaround in 1996-97. Growth was held down to 2.1% in 1998 largely because of the spillover from Russia's economic difficulties, but moved ahead to 3.6% in 1999 and an estimated 5.7% in 2000. The government has adopted a series of measures to combat such persistent problems as excessive external debt, inflation, and inadequate revenue collection. Revenues of this tiny island have come from exports of phosphates, but reserves are expected to be exhausted within five to ten years. Phosphate production has declined since 1989, as demand has fallen in traditional markets and as the marginal cost of extracting the remaining phosphate increases, making it less internationally competitive. While phosphates have given Nauruans one of the highest per capita incomes in the Third World, few other resources exist with most necessities being imported, including fresh water from Australia. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income have been invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. The government has been borrowing heavily from the trusts to finance fiscal deficits. To cut costs the government has called for a freezing of wages, a reduction of over-staffed public service departments, privatization of numerous government agencies, and closure of some overseas consulates. In recent years Nauru has encouraged the registration of offshore banks and corporations. Tens of billions of dollars have been channeled through their accounts. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist, with estimates of Nauru's per capita GDP varying widely.
Electricity - consumption 10.236 billion kWh (1999) 27.9 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 2.02 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 184 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 12.981 billion kWh (1999) 30 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
6.67%

hydro:
93.33%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Kara-Darya 132 m

highest point:
Jengish Chokusu (Pik Pobedy) 7,439 m
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location along plateau rim 61 m
Environment - current issues water pollution; many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells; as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater, but mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant; intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources
Environment - international agreements party to:
Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Kirghiz 52.4%, Russian 18%, Uzbek 12.9%, Ukrainian 2.5%, German 2.4%, other 11.8% Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%
Exchange rates soms per US dollar - 48.701 (January 2001), 47.704 (2000), 39.008 (1999), 20.838 (1998), 17.362 (1997), 12.810 (1996) Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.7995 (January 2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997), 1.2773 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Askar AKAYEV (since 28 October 1990)

head of government:
Prime Minister Kurmanbek BAKIYEV (since 22 December 2000)

cabinet:
Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

elections:
president reelected by popular vote for a five-year term; elections last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held November or December 2005); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Askar AKAYEV reelected president; percent of vote - Askar AKAYEV 74%, Omurbek TEKEBAYEV 14%, other candidates 12%; note - election marred by serious irregularities
chief of state:
President Bernard DOWIYOGO (since 19 April 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Bernard DOWIYOGO (since 19 April 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of Parliament

elections:
president elected by Parliament for a three-year term; election last held 8 April 2000 (next to be held NA 2003)

election results:
Bernard DOWIYOGO elected president by a vote in Parliament of nine to eight

note:
former President Rene HARRIS was deposed in a no-confidence vote; this is the eighth change of government in Nauru since the fall of the Lagumont HARRIS government in a no-confidence motion in early November 1996; six of the last eight governments have resulted because of parliamentary no-confidence motions
Exports $482 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $25.3 million (f.o.b., 1991)
Exports - commodities cotton, wool, meat, tobacco; gold, mercury, uranium, hydropower; machinery; shoes phosphates
Exports - partners Germany 33%, Russia 16%, Kazakhstan 10%, Uzbekistan 10%, China 6% (1999) Australia, NZ
Fiscal year calendar year 1 July - 30 June
Flag description red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Kirghiz tribes; on the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of the roof of the traditional Kirghiz yurt blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru
GDP purchasing power parity - $12.6 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $59 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
39%

industry:
22%

services:
39% (1999 est.)
agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,700 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $5,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5.7% (2000 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 41 00 N, 75 00 E 0 32 S, 166 55 E
Geography - note landlocked Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator
Highways total:
18,500 km (including 140 km of expressways)

paved:
16,854 km (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather)

unpaved:
1,646 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1996)
total:
30 km

paved:
24 km

unpaved:
6 km (1998 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
2.7%

highest 10%:
31.7% (1997)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs limited illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; increasingly used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Russia and Western Europe from Southwest Asia -
Imports $579 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $21.1 million (c.i.f., 1991)
Imports - commodities oil and gas, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery
Imports - partners Russia 18%, Kazakhstan 12%, US 9%, Germany 8%, Uzbekistan 8%, China (1999) Australia, UK, NZ, Japan
Independence 31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union) 31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate 7% (2000 est.) NA%
Industries small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, sawn logs, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals phosphate mining, financial services, coconut products
Infant mortality rate 76.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 10.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 18.7% (2000 est.) -3.6% (1993)
International organization participation AsDB, CCC, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, ICAO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) NA 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 9,000 sq km (1993 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed for 10-year terms by the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president); Constitutional Court; Higher Court of Arbitration Supreme Court
Labor force 1.7 million -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 55%, industry 15%, services 30% (1999 est.) employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation
Land boundaries total:
3,878 km

border countries:
China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
7%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
44%

forests and woodland:
4%

other:
45% (1993 est.)

note:
Kyrgyzstan has the world's largest natural growth walnut forest
arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100% (1993 est.)
Languages Kirghiz (Kyrgyz) - official language, Russian - official language

note:
in May 2000, the Kyrgyzstani legislature made Russian an official language, equal in status to Kirghiz
Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes
Legal system based on civil law system acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law
Legislative branch bicameral Supreme Council or Zhogorku Kenesh consists of the Assembly of People's Representatives (70 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Legislative Assembly (35 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
Assembly of People's Representatives - last held 20 February and 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA February 2005); Legislative Assembly - last held 20 February and 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA February 2005)

election results:
Assembly of People's Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; percent of vote by party - NA; and Legislative Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - total seats by party in the Supreme Council were as follows: Union of Democratic Forces 12, Communists 6, My Country Party of Action 4, independents 73, other 10

note:
the legislature became bicameral for the 5 February 1995 elections; the 2000 election results include both the Assembly of People's Representatives and the Legislative Assembly
unicameral Parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms)

elections:
last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held NA April 2003)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 18
Life expectancy at birth total population:
63.46 years

male:
59.2 years

female:
67.94 years (2001 est.)
total population:
61.2 years

male:
57.7 years

female:
64.88 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
97%

male:
99%

female:
96% (1989 est.)
definition:
NA

total population:
NA%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location Central Asia, west of China Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands
Map references Commonwealth of Independent States Oceania
Maritime claims none (landlocked) contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - none (2000 est.)
Military - note - Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches Army, Air and Air Defense, Security Forces, Border Troops no regular armed forces; Directorate of the Nauru Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $12 million (FY99) $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1% (FY99) NA%
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,203,001 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
3,018 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
975,744 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
1,661 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
50,590 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 31 August (1991) Independence Day, 31 January (1968)
Nationality noun:
Kyrgyzstani(s)

adjective:
Kyrgyzstani
noun:
Nauruan(s)

adjective:
Nauruan
Natural hazards NA periodic droughts
Natural resources abundant hydropower; significant deposits of gold and rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc phosphates
Net migration rate -2.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines natural gas 200 km -
Political parties and leaders Agrarian Labor Party of Kyrgyzstan [Uson S. SYDYKOV]; Agrarian Party of Kyrgyzstan [Arkin ALIYEV]; Ata-Meken Socialist Party or Fatherland [Onurbek TEKEBAYEV]; Banner National Revival Party or ASABA [Chaprashty BAZARBAY]; Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan or DDK [Jypar JEKSHEYEV]; Democratic Women's Party of Kyrgyzstan [T. A. SHAILIYEVA]; Dignity Party [Feliks KULOV]; Erkin Kyrgyzstan Progressive and Democratic Party [Tursunbay Bakir UULU]; Justice Party [Chingiz AYTMATOV]; Movement for the People's Salvation [Jumgalbek AMAMBAYEV]; Mutual Help Movement or Ashar [Jumagazy USUPOV]; My Country of Action [Almazbek ISMANKULOV]; National Unity Democratic Movement or DDNE [Yury RAZGULYAYEV]; Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan or KCP [Absamat M. MASALIYEV]; Party of the Veterans of the War in Afghanistan [leader NA]; Peasant Party [leader NA]; People's Party [Melis ESHIMKANOV]; Poor and Unprotected People's Party [Daniyar USENOV]; Republican Popular Party of Kyrgyzstan [J. SHARSHENALIYEV]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [J. IBRAMOV]; Union of Democratic Forces (composed of Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan or PSD [J. IBRAMOV], Economic Revival Party, and Birimdik Party loose multiparty system; Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal) [Bernard DOWIYOGO]
Political pressure groups and leaders Council of Free Trade Unions; Kyrgyz Committee on Human Rights [Ramazan DYRYIDAYEV]; National Unity Democratic Movement; Union of Entrepreneurs NA
Population 4,753,003 (July 2001 est.) 12,088 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 51% (1997 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.44% (2001 est.) 2% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Balykchy (Ysyk-Kol or Rybach'ye) Nauru
Radio broadcast stations AM 12 (plus 10 repeater stations), FM 14, shortwave 2 (1998) AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 520,000 (1997) 7,000 (1997)
Railways total:
370 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines

broad gauge:
370 km 1.520-m gauge (1990)
total:
5 km; note - used to haul phosphates from the center of the island to processing facilities on the southwest coast
Religions Muslim 75%, Russian Orthodox 20%, other 5% Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.61 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.01 male(s)/female

total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 20 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system general assessment:
poorly developed; about 100,000 unsatisfied applications for household telephones

domestic:
principally microwave radio relay; one cellular provider, probably limited to Bishkek region

international:
connections with other CIS countries by landline or microwave radio relay and with other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch and by satellite; satellite earth stations - 1 Intersputnik and 1 Intelsat; connected internationally by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line
general assessment:
adequate local and international radiotelephone communications provided via Australian facilities

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 351,000 (1997) 2,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 450 (1994)
Television broadcast stations NA (repeater stations throughout the country relay programs from Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Turkey) (1997) 1 (1997)
Terrain peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center
Total fertility rate 3.19 children born/woman (2001 est.) 3.61 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 6% (1998 est.) 0%
Waterways 600 km (1990) none
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