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Compare Kiribati (2008) - Oman (2006)

Compare Kiribati (2008) z Oman (2006)

 Kiribati (2008)Oman (2006)
 KiribatiOman
Administrative divisions 3 units; Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands; note - in addition, there are 6 districts (Banaba, Central Gilberts, Line Islands, Northern Gilberts, Southern Gilberts, Tarawa) and 21 island councils - one for each of the inhabited islands (Abaiang, Abemama, Aranuka, Arorae, Banaba, Beru, Butaritari, Kanton, Kiritimati, Kuria, Maiana, Makin, Marakei, Nikunau, Nonouti, Onotoa, Tabiteuea, Tabuaeran, Tamana, Tarawa, Teraina) 5 regions (manatiq, singular - mintaqat) and 4 governorates* (muhafazat, singular - muhafazat) Ad Dakhiliyah, Al Batinah, Al Buraymi*, Al Wusta, Ash Sharqiyah, Az Zahirah, Masqat*, Musandam*, Zufar (Dhofar)*
Age structure 0-14 years: 38.2% (male 20,886/female 20,322)


15-64 years: 58.4% (male 31,083/female 31,884)


65 years and over: 3.4% (male 1,554/female 2,088) (2007 est.)
0-14 years: 42.7% (male 675,423/female 648,963)


15-64 years: 54.7% (male 1,001,917/female 695,578)


65 years and over: 2.6% (male 44,300/female 36,048) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products copra, taro, breadfruit, sweet potatoes, vegetables; fish dates, limes, bananas, alfalfa, vegetables; camels, cattle; fish
Airports 19 (2007) 137 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total: 4


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2007)
total: 6


over 3,047 m: 4


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 15


914 to 1,523 m: 11


under 914 m: 4 (2007)
total: 131


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 7


1,524 to 2,437 m: 52


914 to 1,523 m: 35


under 914 m: 35 (2006)
Area total: 811 sq km


land: 811 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes three island groups - Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands
total: 212,460 sq km


land: 212,460 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative four times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than Kansas
Background The Gilbert Islands were granted self-rule by the UK in 1971 and complete independence in 1979 under the new name of Kiribati. The US relinquished all claims to the sparsely inhabited Phoenix and Line Island groups in a 1979 treaty of friendship with Kiribati. The inhabitants of the area of Oman have long prospered on Indian Ocean trade. In the late 18th century, a newly established sultanate in Muscat signed the first in a series of friendship treaties with Britain. Over time, Oman's dependence on British political and military advisors increased, but it never became a British colony. In 1970, QABOOS bin Said al-Said overthrew the restrictive rule of his father; he has ruled as sultan ever since. His extensive modernization program has opened the country to the outside world while preserving the longstanding close ties with the UK. Oman's moderate, independent foreign policy has sought to maintain good relations with all Middle Eastern countries.
Birth rate 30.48 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 36.24 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget revenues: $55.52 million


expenditures: $59.71 million (FY05)
revenues: $14.36 billion


expenditures: $10.61 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2005 est.)
Capital name: Tarawa


geographic coordinates: 1 19 N, 172 58 E


time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
name: Muscat


geographic coordinates: 23 37 N, 58 35 E


time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south
Coastline 1,143 km 2,092 km
Constitution 12 July 1979 none; note - on 6 November 1996, Sultan QABOOS issued a royal decree promulgating a basic law considered by the government to be a constitution which, among other things, clarifies the royal succession, provides for a prime minister, bars ministers from holding interests in companies doing business with the government, establishes a bicameral legislature, and guarantees basic civil liberties for Omani citizens
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Kiribati


conventional short form: Kiribati


local long form: Republic of Kiribati


local short form: Kiribati


note: pronounced keer-ree-bahss


former: Gilbert Islands
conventional long form: Sultanate of Oman


conventional short form: Oman


local long form: Saltanat Uman


local short form: Uman


former: Muscat and Oman
Death rate 8.12 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 3.81 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external $10 million (1999 est.) $4.361 billion (2005 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Kiribati; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Kiribati chief of mission: Ambassador Gary A. GRAPPO


embassy: Jameat A'Duwal Al Arabiya Street, Al Khuwair area, Muscat


mailing address: P. O. Box 202, P.C. 115, Madinat Sultan Qaboos, Muscat


telephone: [968] 24-698989


FAX: [968] 24-699771
Diplomatic representation in the US Kiribati does not have an embassy in the US; there is an honorary consulate in Honolulu chief of mission: Ambassador Hunaina bint Sultan bin Ahmad al-MUGHAIRI


chancery: 2535 Belmont Road, NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 387-1980 through 1981, 1988


FAX: [1] (202) 745-4933
Disputes - international none boundary agreement reportedly signed and ratified with UAE in 2003 for entire border, including Oman's Musandam Peninsula and Al Madhah exclave, but details have not been made public
Economic aid - recipient $27.84 million largely from UK and Japan (2005) $76.4 million (1995)
Economy - overview A remote country of 33 scattered coral atolls, Kiribati has few natural resources. Commercially viable phosphate deposits were exhausted at the time of independence from the UK in 1979. Copra and fish now represent the bulk of production and exports. The economy has fluctuated widely in recent years. Economic development is constrained by a shortage of skilled workers, weak infrastructure, and remoteness from international markets. Tourism provides more than one-fifth of GDP. Private sector initiatives and a financial sector are in the early stages of development. Foreign financial aid from UK, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and China equals more than 10% of GDP. Remittances from seamen on merchant ships abroad account for more than $5 million each year. Kiribati receives around $15 million annually for the government budget from an Australian trust fund. Oman is a middle-income economy in the Middle East with notable oil and gas resources, a substantial trade surplus, and low inflation. Work on a new liquefied natural gas (LNG) facility progressed in 2005 and will contribute to slightly higher oil and gas exports in 2006. Oman continues to liberalize its markets and joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in November 2000. To reduce unemployment and limit dependence on foreign labor, the government is encouraging the replacement of foreign expatriate workers with local workers. Training in information technology, business management, and English support this objective. Industrial development plans focus on gas resources, metal manufacturing, petrochemicals, and international transshipment ports. In 2005, Oman signed agreements with several foreign investors to boost oil reserves, build and operate a power plant, and develop a second mobile phone network in the country.
Electricity - consumption 8.37 million kWh (2005) 9.582 billion kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2005) 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2005) 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - production 9 million kWh (2005) 10.3 billion kWh (2003)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Banaba 81 m
lowest point: Arabian Sea 0 m


highest point: Jabal Shams 2,980 m
Environment - current issues heavy pollution in lagoon of south Tarawa atoll due to heavy migration mixed with traditional practices such as lagoon latrines and open-pit dumping; ground water at risk rising soil salinity; beach pollution from oil spills; very limited natural fresh water resources
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Micronesian 98.8%, other 1.2% (2000 census) Arab, Baluchi, South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Bangladeshi), African
Exchange rates Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.2137 (2007), 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003) Omani rials per US dollar - 0.3845 (2005), 0.3845 (2004), 0.3845 (2003), 0.3845 (2002), 0.3845 (2001)
Executive branch chief of state: President Anote TONG (since 10 July 2003); Vice President Teima ONORIO; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Anote TONG (since 10 July 2003); Vice President Teima ONORIO


cabinet: 12-member cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the House of Parliament


elections: the House of Parliament chooses the presidential candidates from among its members and then those candidates compete in a general election; president is elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for two more terms); election last held 17 October 2007 (next to be held in 2011); vice president appointed by the president


election results: Anote TONG 63.7%, Nabuti MWEMWENIKARAWA 32.9%
chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister QABOOS bin Said al-Said (sultan since 23 July 1970 and prime minister since 23 July 1972); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister QABOOS bin Said al-Said (sultan since 23 July 1970 and prime minister since 23 July 1972); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary
Exports 0 bbl/day (2004) 721,000 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities copra 62%, coconuts, seaweed, fish petroleum, reexports, fish, metals, textiles
Exports - partners US 22.8%, Belgium 21.5%, Japan 14.3%, Samoa 7.8%, Australia 7.5%, Malaysia 6.7%, Taiwan 5.6%, Denmark 4.6% (2006) China 21.7%, South Korea 19.5%, Japan 14.3%, Thailand 12.7%, UAE 7.1%, Taiwan 4.1% (2005)
Fiscal year NA calendar year
Flag description the upper half is red with a yellow frigate bird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the ocean three horizontal bands of white, red, and green of equal width with a broad, vertical, red band on the hoist side; the national emblem (a khanjar dagger in its sheath superimposed on two crossed swords in scabbards) in white is centered near the top of the vertical band
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 8.9%


industry: 24.2%


services: 66.8% (2004)
agriculture: 2.7%


industry: 39%


services: 58.3% (2005 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 0.3% (2005) 5.6% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates 1 25 N, 173 00 E 21 00 N, 57 00 E
Geography - note 21 of the 33 islands are inhabited; Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Makatea in French Polynesia, and Nauru strategic location on Musandam Peninsula adjacent to Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil
Heliports - 1 (2006)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports 216.4 bbl/day (2004) NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, miscellaneous manufactured goods, fuel machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, livestock, lubricants
Imports - partners Australia 33%, Fiji 27.1%, Japan 18.1%, NZ 6.9% (2006) UAE 22.4%, Japan 15.7%, UK 7.7%, US 6.7%, Germany 5.8%, India 4.2% (2005)
Independence 12 July 1979 (from UK) 1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese)
Industrial production growth rate 0.7% (1991 est.) 4.1% (2005 est.)
Industries fishing, handicrafts crude oil production and refining, natural and liquefied natural gas (LNG) production; construction, cement, copper, steel, chemicals, optic fiber
Infant mortality rate total: 46.02 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 51.03 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 40.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
total: 18.89 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 21.65 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 16 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 0.5% (2005 est.) 1.2% (2005 est.)
International organization participation ACP, ADB, C, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, ITUC, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, WToO
Irrigated land NA 720 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Court of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts; judges at all levels are appointed by the president Supreme Court


note: the nascent civil court system, administered by region, has judges who practice secular and Shari'a law
Labor force 7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers (2001 est.) 920,000 (2002 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 2.7%


industry: 32%


services: 65.3% (2000)
agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
Land boundaries 0 km total: 1,374 km


border countries: Saudi Arabia 676 km, UAE 410 km, Yemen 288 km
Land use arable land: 2.74%


permanent crops: 47.95%


other: 49.31% (2005)
arable land: 0.12%


permanent crops: 0.14%


other: 99.74% (2005)
Languages I-Kiribati, English (official) Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects
Legal system NA based on English common law and Islamic law; ultimate appeal to the monarch; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral House of Parliament or Maneaba Ni Maungatabu (46 seats; 44 members elected by popular vote, 1 ex officio member - the attorney general, 1 nominated by the Rabi Council of Leaders (representing Banaba Island); to serve four-year terms)


elections: legislative elections were held in two rounds - the first round on 22 August 2007 and the second round on 30 August 2007 (next to be held in 2011)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA, other 2 (includes attorney general)
bicameral Majlis Oman consists of an upper chamber or Majlis al-Dawla (58 seats; members appointed by the monarch; has advisory powers only) and a lower chamber or Majlis al-Shura (83 seats; members elected by popular vote for four-year terms; body has some limited power to propose legislation, but otherwise has only advisory powers)


elections: last held 4 October 2003 (next to be held NA 2007)


election results: NA
Life expectancy at birth total population: 62.45 years


male: 59.41 years


female: 65.63 years (2007 est.)
total population: 73.37 years


male: 71.14 years


female: 75.72 years (2006 est.)
Literacy definition: NA


total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA
definition: NA


total population: 75.8%


male: 83.1%


female: 67.2%
Location Oceania, group of 33 coral atolls in the Pacific Ocean, straddling the Equator; the capital Tarawa is about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia; note - on 1 January 1995, Kiribati proclaimed that all of its territory lies in the same time zone as its Gilbert Islands group (UTC +12) even though the Phoenix Islands and the Line Islands under its jurisdiction lie on the other side of the International Date Line Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf, between Yemen and UAE
Map references Oceania Middle East
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine total: 7 ships (1000 GRT or over) 28,435 GRT/42,682 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 3, passenger/cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 2


foreign-owned: 3 (Malaysia 1, Singapore 1, Turkey 1) (2007)
total: 1 ship (1000 GRT or over) 10,797 GRT/5,040 DWT


by type: passenger 1


registered in other countries: 2 (Kazakhstan 2) (2006)
Military - note Kiribati does not have military forces; defense assistance is provided by Australia and NZ -
Military branches no regular military forces; Police Force (carries out law enforcement functions and paramilitary duties; small police posts are on all islands) (2007) Royal Omani Armed Forces: Royal Army of Oman, Royal Navy of Oman, Royal Air Force of Oman (Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Sultanat Oman, RAFO) (2006)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $252.99 million (2004)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA 11.4% (2003)
National holiday Independence Day, 12 July (1979) Birthday of Sultan QABOOS, 18 November (1940)
Nationality noun: I-Kiribati (singular and plural)


adjective: I-Kiribati
noun: Omani(s)


adjective: Omani
Natural hazards typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level summer winds often raise large sandstorms and dust storms in interior; periodic droughts
Natural resources phosphate (production discontinued in 1979) petroleum, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone, chromium, gypsum, natural gas
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) 0.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Pipelines - gas 4,072 km; oil 3,405 km (2006)
Political parties and leaders Boutokaan Te Koaua Party or BTK [Taberannang TIMEON]; Maneaban Te Mauri Party or MTM [Teburoro TITO]; Maurin Kiribati Pati or MKP; National Progressive Party or NPP [Dr. Harry TONG]


note: there is no tradition of formally organized political parties in Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groups because they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures
none
Political pressure groups and leaders NA none
Population 107,817 (July 2007 est.) 3,102,229


note: includes 577,293 non-nationals (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 2.235% (2007 est.) 3.28% (2006 est.)
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (may be inactive) (2002) AM 3, FM 9, shortwave 2 (1999)
Religions Roman Catholic 52%, Protestant (Congregational) 40%, other (includes Seventh-Day Adventist, Muslim, Baha'i, Latter-day Saints, Church of God) 8% (1999) Ibadhi Muslim 75%, Sunni Muslim, Shi'a Muslim, Hindu
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.028 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.975 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.744 male(s)/female


total population: 0.986 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.44 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.23 male(s)/female


total population: 1.25 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal in Oman's most recent Majlis al-Shura elections in 2003, suffrage was universal for all Omanis over age 21 except for members of the military and security forces; the next Majlis al-Shura elections are scheduled for 2007
Telephone system general assessment: generally good quality national and international service


domestic: wire line service available on Tarawa and Kiritimati (Christmas Island); connections to outer islands by HF/VHF radiotelephone; wireless service available in Tarawa since 1999


international: country code - 686; Kiribati is being linked to the Pacific Ocean Cooperative Telecommunications Network, which should improve telephone service; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
general assessment: modern system consisting of open-wire, microwave, and radiotelephone communication stations; limited coaxial cable


domestic: open-wire, microwave, radiotelephone communications, and a domestic satellite system with 8 earth stations


international: country code - 968; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat
Telephones - main lines in use 4,500 (2002) 265,200 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular 600 (2004) 1.333 million (2005)
Television broadcast stations 1 (possibly inactive) (2002) 13 (plus 25 low-power repeaters) (1999)
Terrain mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs central desert plain, rugged mountains in north and south
Total fertility rate 4.12 children born/woman (2007 est.) 5.77 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate 2% official rate; underemployment 70% (1992 est.) 15% (2004 est.)
Waterways 5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands) (2007) -
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