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Compare Kiribati (2004) - Cambodia (2003)

Compare Kiribati (2004) z Cambodia (2003)

 Kiribati (2004)Cambodia (2003)
 KiribatiCambodia
Administrative divisions 3 units; Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands; note - in addition, there are 6 districts (Banaba, Central Gilberts, Line Islands, Northern Gilberts, Southern Gilberts, Tarawa) and 21 island councils - one for each of the inhabited islands (Abaiang, Abemama, Aranuka, Arorae, Banaba, Beru, Butaritari, Kanton, Kiritimati, Kuria, Maiana, Makin, Marakei, Nikunau, Nonouti, Onotoa, Tabiteuea, Tabuaeran, Tamana, Tarawa, Teraina) 20 provinces (khett, singular and plural) and 4 municipalities* (krong, singular and plural); Banteay Mean Cheay, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Keb*, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Cheay, Pailin*, Phnum Penh*, Pouthisat, Preah Seihanu*, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanah Kiri, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev
Age structure 0-14 years: 39.3% (male 20,087; female 19,566)


15-64 years: 57.3% (male 28,523; female 29,280)


65 years and over: 3.3% (male 1,434; female 1,908) (2004 est.)
0-14 years: 39.3% (male 2,606,568; female 2,557,736)


15-64 years: 57.6% (male 3,599,216; female 3,962,520)


65 years and over: 3.1% (male 148,287; female 250,437) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products copra, taro, breadfruit, sweet potatoes, vegetables; fish rice, rubber, corn, vegetables
Airports 20 (2003 est.) 21 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways total: 3


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2004 est.)
total: 5


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 17


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 12


under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
total: 16


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 13


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area total: 811 sq km


land: 811 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes three island groups - Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands
total: 181,040 sq km


land: 176,520 sq km


water: 4,520 sq km
Area - comparative four times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than Oklahoma
Background The Gilbert Islands were granted self-rule by the UK in 1971 and complete independence in 1979 under the new name of Kiribati. The US relinquished all claims to the sparsely inhabited Phoenix and Line Island groups in a 1979 treaty of friendship with Kiribati. Following a five-year struggle, Communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh in 1975 and ordered the evacuation of all cities and towns; over 1 million displaced people died from execution or enforced hardships. A 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside and touched off almost 20 years of fighting. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy as did the rapid diminishment of the Khmer Rouge in the mid-1990s. A coalition government, formed after national elections in 1998, brought renewed political stability and the surrender of remaining Khmer Rouge forces in 1998.
Birth rate 30.99 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) 27.28 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget revenues: $28.4 million


expenditures: $37.2 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)
revenues: $396 million


expenditures: $607 million, including capital expenditures of $254 million (2001 est.)
Capital Tarawa Phnom Penh
Climate tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline 1,143 km 443 km
Constitution 12 July 1979 promulgated 21 September 1993
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Kiribati


conventional short form: Kiribati


note: pronounced keer-ree-bahss


former: Gilbert Islands
conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia


conventional short form: Cambodia


local long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea


local short form: Kampuchea


former: Khmer Republic, Kampuchea Republic
Currency Australian dollar (AUD) riel (KHR)
Death rate 8.49 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) 9.26 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external $10 million (1999 est.) $829 million (1999 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Kiribati; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Kiribati chief of mission: Ambassador Charles Aaron RAY


embassy: 27 EO Street 240, Phnom Penh


mailing address: Box P, APO AP 96546


telephone: [855] (23) 216-436/438


FAX: [855] (23) 216-437/811
Diplomatic representation in the US Kiribati does not have an embassy in the US; there is an honorary consulate in Honolulu chief of mission: Ambassador ROLAND ENG


chancery: 4530 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011


telephone: [1] (202) 726-7742


FAX: [1] (202) 726-8381
Disputes - international none completed boundary demarcation with Thailand; accuses Vietnam of moving and destroying boundary markers and encroachments, initiating border incidents; accuses Thailand of preventing access to Preah Vihear temple ruins awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962; maritime boundary with Vietnam hampered by dispute over offshore islands
Economic aid - recipient $15.5 million largely from UK and Japan (2001 est.) $548 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for 2001 by international donors
Economy - overview A remote country of 33 scattered coral atolls, Kiribati has few natural resources. Commercially viable phosphate deposits were exhausted at the time of independence from the UK in 1979. Copra and fish now represent the bulk of production and exports. The economy has fluctuated widely in recent years. Economic development is constrained by a shortage of skilled workers, weak infrastructure, and remoteness from international markets. Tourism provides more than one-fifth of GDP. The financial sector is at an early stage of development as is the expansion of private sector initiatives. Foreign financial aid from UK, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and China equals 25%-50% of GDP. Remittances from workers abroad account for more than $5 million each year. Cambodia's economy slowed dramatically in 1997-1998 due to the regional economic crisis, civil violence, and political infighting. Foreign investment and tourism fell off. In 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, progress was made on economic reforms and growth resumed at 5.0%. Despite severe flooding, GDP grew at 5.0% in 2000, 6.3% in 2001, and 5.2% in 2002. Tourism was Cambodia's fastest growing industry, with arrivals up 34% in 2000 and up another 40% in 2001 before the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the US. Even given these stout growth estimates, the long-term development of the economy after decades of war remains a daunting challenge. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside, which suffers from an almost total lack of basic infrastructure. Fear of renewed political instability and corruption within the government discourage foreign investment and delay foreign aid. The government is addressing these issues with assistance from bilateral and multilateral donors.
Electricity - consumption 6.51 million kWh (2001) 110.6 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 7 million kWh (2001) 119 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 65%


hydro: 35%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Banaba 81 m
lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m


highest point: Phnum Aoral 1,810 m
Environment - current issues heavy pollution in lagoon of south Tarawa atoll due to heavy migration mixed with traditional practices such as lagoon latrines and open-pit dumping; ground water at risk illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; toxic waste delivery from Taiwan sparked unrest in Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville) in December 1998
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping
Ethnic groups predominantly Micronesian with some Polynesian Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%
Exchange rates Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000), 1.55 (1999) riels per US dollar - 3,912.08 (2002), 3,916.33 (2001), 3,840.75 (2000), 3,807.83 (1999), 3,744.42 (1998)
Executive branch chief of state: President Anote TONG (since 10 July 2003); Vice President Teima ONORIO; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Anote TONG (since 10 July 2003); Vice President Teima ONORIO; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: 12-member Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the House of Parliament


elections: the House of Parliament chooses the presidential candidates from among their members and then those candidates compete in a general election; president is elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 4 July 2003 (next to be held not later than July 2007); vice president appointed by the president


election results: Anote TONG 47.4%, Harry TONG 43.5%, Banuera BERINA 9.1%
chief of state: King Norodom SIHANOUK (reinstated 24 September 1993)


head of government: Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 30 November 1998) and Deputy Prime Ministers SAR KHENG (since 1993) and TOL LAH (since 1998)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is chosen by a Royal Throne Council; following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition is named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the king
Exports NA (2001) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities copra 62%, coconuts, seaweed, fish timber, garments, rubber, rice, fish
Exports - partners Japan 75%, Australia 8.3%, US 8.3%, Philippines 4.2%, Thailand 4.2% (2003) US 60.2%, Germany 9.1%, UK 7.1%, Singapore 4.4% (2002)
Fiscal year NA calendar year
Flag description the upper half is red with a yellow frigate bird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the ocean three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band
GDP purchasing power parity - $79 million - supplemented by a nearly equal amount from external sources (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $20.42 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 30%


industry: 7%


services: 63% (1998 est.)
agriculture: 40%


industry: 20%


services: 40% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $800 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,600 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 1.5% (2001 est.) 4.5% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 1 25 N, 173 00 E 13 00 N, 105 00 E
Geography - note 21 of the 33 islands are inhabited; Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Makatea in French Polynesia, and Nauru a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap
Heliports - 2 (2002)
Highways total: 670 km


paved: NA km


unpaved: NA km (1999 est.)
total: 12,323 km


paved: 1,996 km


unpaved: 10,327 km (2000 est)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%: 2.9%


highest 10%: 33.8% (1997)
Illicit drugs - narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; possible small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production; large producer of cannabis for the international market; vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders
Imports NA (2001) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, miscellaneous manufactured goods, fuel petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles
Imports - partners Australia 41.7%, Fiji 26.7%, New Zealand 8.9%, Japan 5.9%, US 4% (2003) Thailand 24.8%, Singapore 16.9%, China 12.1%, Hong Kong 10.9%, South Korea 5.5%, Vietnam 5.2% (2002)
Independence 12 July 1979 (from UK) 9 November 1953 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate 0.7% (1991 est.) 16% (2001 est.)
Industries fishing, handicrafts tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles
Infant mortality rate total: 49.9 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 55.04 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 44.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
total: 75.94 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 84.96 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 66.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.5% (2001 est.) 3.3% (2002 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ACCT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM, OPCW (signatory), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 2 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 2,700 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Court of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts; judges at all levels are appointed by the president Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower courts) exercises judicial authority
Labor force 7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers (2001 est.) 6 million (1998 est.)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 80% (2001 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total: 2,572 km


border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km
Land use arable land: 2.74%


permanent crops: 50.68%


other: 46.58% (2001)
arable land: 20.96%


permanent crops: 0.61%


other: 78.43% (1998 est.)
Languages I-Kiribati, English (official) Khmer (official) 95%, French, English
Legal system NA primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing influence of common law in recent years
Legislative branch unicameral House of Parliament or Maneaba Ni Maungatabu (42 seats; 39 elected by popular vote, one ex officio member - the attorney general, one appointed to represent Banaba, and one other; members serve four-year terms)


elections: first round elections last held 29 November 2002; second round elections held 6 December 2002 (next to be held by November 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - BTK 17, MTM 16, independents 7, other 2 (includes attorney general)


note: new legislative elections were held in two rounds - the first round on 9 May 2003 and the second round on 14 May 2003
bicameral consists of the National Assembly (122 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Senate (61 seats; two members appointed by the monarch, two elected by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by "functional constituencies"; members serve five-year terms)


elections: National Assembly - last held 27 July 2003 (next to be held in July 2007); Senate - last held 2 March 1999 (next to be held in 2004)


election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 47%, SRP 22%, FUNCINPEC 21%, other 10%; seats by party - CPP 73, FUNCINPEC 26, SRP 24; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CPP 31, FUNCINPEC 21, SRP 7, other 2 (2003)
Life expectancy at birth total population: 61.32 years


male: 58.34 years


female: 64.44 years (2004 est.)
total population: 57.92 years


male: 55.49 years


female: 60.47 years (2003 est.)
Literacy definition: NA


total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 69.9%


male: 80.5%


female: 60.3% (2003 est.)
Location Oceania, group of 33 coral atolls in the Pacific Ocean, straddling the equator; the capital Tarawa is about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia; note - on 1 January 1995, Kiribati proclaimed that all of its territory lies in the same time zone as its Gilbert Islands group (GMT +12) even though the Phoenix Islands and the Line Islands under its jurisdiction lie on the other side of the International Date Line Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos
Map references Oceania Southeast Asia
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
contiguous zone: 24 NM


continental shelf: 200 NM


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,291 GRT/1,295 DWT


by type: passenger 1 (2004 est.)
total: 527 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 2,328,371 GRT/3,294,028 DWT


ships by type: bulk 49, cargo 412, chemical tanker 2, combination bulk 4, container 17, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 2, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 18, refrigerated cargo 11, roll on/roll off 7, short-sea passenger 2


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Aruba 1, Belize 11, Bulgaria 3, Cambodia 194, Canada 4, China 25, Cyprus 14, Egypt 10, Estonia 2, France 1, Georgia 1, Germany 1, Gibraltar 1, Greece 13, Honduras 8, Hong Kong 12, Iceland 1, Indonesia 2, Iran 1, Ireland 1, Italy 2, Japan 2, Jordan 1, North Korea, 1, South Korea, 25, Latvia 3, Lebanon 6, Liberia 7, Malaysia 1, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 4, Netherlands 1, Norway 1, Panama 10, Romania 2, Russia 75, Saint Kitts and Nevis 4, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5, Singapore 17, Syria 20, Turkey 18, Ukraine 16, United Arab Emirates 3, United Kingdom 1, United States 5, Vietnam 3 (2002 est.)
Military - note Kiribati does not have military forces; defense assistance is provided by Australia and NZ -
Military branches no regular military forces; Police Force (carries out law enforcement functions and paramilitary duties; small police posts are on all islands) Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF): Army, Navy, Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure NA $112 million (FY01 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA 3% (FY01 est.)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 3,275,533 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 1,829,535 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age (2003 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 165,395 (2003 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 12 July (1979) Independence Day, 9 November (1953)
Nationality noun: I-Kiribati (singular and plural)


adjective: I-Kiribati
noun: Cambodian(s)


adjective: Cambodian
Natural hazards typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts
Natural resources phosphate (production discontinued in 1979) timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders Boutokaan Te Koaua Party or BTK [Taberannang TIMEON]; Maneaban Te Mauri Party or MTM [Teburoro TITO]; Maurin Kiribati Pati or MKP [leader NA]; National Progressive Party or NPP [Dr. Harry TONG]


note: there is no tradition of formally organized political parties in Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groups because they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures
Buddhist Liberal Party or BLP [IENG MOULY]; Cambodian Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party or CPP [CHEA SIM]; Khmer Citizen Party or KCP [NGUON SOEUR]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP (formerly Khmer Nation Party or KNP) [SAM RANGSI]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 100,798 (July 2004 est.) 13,124,764


note: estimates for this country take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line NA 36% (1997 est.)
Population growth rate 2.25% (2004 est.) 1.8% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors Banaba, Betio, English Harbour, Kanton Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville), Kampot, Krong Kaoh Kong, Phnom Penh
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1


note: the shortwave station may be inactive (2002)
AM 7, FM 3, shortwave 3 (1999)
Railways - total: 602 km


narrow gauge: 602 km 1.000-m gauge (2002)
Religions Roman Catholic 52%, Protestant (Congregational) 40%, some Seventh-Day Adventist, Muslim, Baha'i, Latter-day Saints, and Church of God (1999) Theravada Buddhist 95%, other 5%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.59 male(s)/female


total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: NA


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)


note: country code - 686; Kiribati is being linked to the Pacific Ocean Cooperative Telecommunications Network, which should improve telephone service
general assessment: adequate landline and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; rural areas have little telephone service


domestic: NA


international: adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)
Telephones - main lines in use 4,500 (2002) 21,800 (mid-1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular 500 (2002) 80,000 (2000)
Television broadcast stations 1 (not reported to be active) (2002) 6 (2003)
Terrain mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north
Total fertility rate 4.24 children born/woman (2004 est.) 3.58 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate 2%; underemployment 70% (1992 est.) 2.8% (1999 est.)
Waterways 5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands) (2003) 3,700 km


note: navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 m or less; 282 km navigable to craft drawing as much as 1.8 m
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