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Compare Kiribati (2002) - Armenia (2001)

Compare Kiribati (2002) z Armenia (2001)

 Kiribati (2002)Armenia (2001)
 KiribatiArmenia
Administrative divisions 3 units; Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands; note - in addition, there are 6 districts (Banaba, Central Gilberts, Line Islands, Northern Gilberts, Southern Gilberts, Tarawa) and 21 island councils - one for each of the inhabited islands (Abaiang, Abemama, Aranuka, Arorae, Banaba, Beru, Butaritari, Kanton, Kiritimati, Kuria, Maiana, Makin, Marakei, Nikunau, Nonouti, Onotoa, Tabiteuea, Tabuaeran, Tamana, Tarawa, Teraina) 10 provinces (marzer, singular - marz) and 1 city* (k'aghak'ner, singular - k'aghak'); Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Geghark'unik', Kotayk', Lorri, Shirak, Syunik', Tavush, Vayots' Dzor, Yerevan*
Age structure 0-14 years: 40.2% (male 19,588; female 19,092)


15-64 years: 56.6% (male 26,905; female 27,625)


65 years and over: 3.2% (male 1,339; female 1,786) (2002 est.)
0-14 years:
23.23% (male 394,194; female 380,911)

15-64 years:
67.04% (male 1,094,646; female 1,141,760)

65 years and over:
9.73% (male 135,477; female 189,112) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products copra, taro, breadfruit, sweet potatoes, vegetables; fish fruit (especially grapes), vegetables; livestock
Airports 21 (2001) 7 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 4


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2002)
-
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 16


914 to 1,523 m: 12


under 914 m: 4 (2002)
total:
7

over 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Area total: 811 sq km


land: 811 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes three island groups - Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands
total:
29,800 sq km

land:
28,400 sq km

water:
1,400 sq km
Area - comparative four times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than Maryland
Background The Gilbert Islands were granted self-rule by the UK in 1971 and complete independence in 1979 under the new name of Kiribati. The US relinquished all claims to the sparsely inhabited Phoenix and Line Island groups in a 1979 treaty of friendship with Kiribati. An Orthodox Christian country, Armenia was incorporated into Russia in 1828 and the USSR in 1920. Armenian leaders remain preoccupied by the long conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh, a primarily Armenian-populated exclave, assigned to Soviet Azerbaijan in the 1920s by Moscow. Armenia and Azerbaijan began fighting over the exclave in 1988; the struggle escalated after both countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By May 1994, when a cease-fire took hold, Armenian forces held not only Nagorno-Karabakh but also a significant portion of Azerbaijan proper. The economies of both sides have been hurt by their inability to make substantial progress toward a peaceful resolution.
Birth rate 31.58 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 11.47 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $28.4 million


expenditures: $37.2 million, including capital expenditures of $NA million (2000 est.) (2000 est.)
revenues:
$360 million

expenditures:
$566 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital Tarawa Yerevan
Climate tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds highland continental, hot summers, cold winters
Coastline 1,143 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 12 July 1979 adopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Kiribati


conventional short form: Kiribati


note: pronounced kir-ih-bahss


former: Gilbert Islands
conventional long form:
Republic of Armenia

conventional short form:
Armenia

local long form:
Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun

local short form:
Hayastan

former:
Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic; Armenian Republic
Currency Australian dollar (AUD) dram (AMD)
Death rate 8.76 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 9.74 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $10 million (1999 est.) $836 million (January 2001)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Kiribati; the ambassador to the Marshall Islands is accredited to Kiribati chief of mission:
Ambassador Michael C. LEMMON

embassy:
18 Marshal Bagramian Avenue, Yerevan

mailing address:
American Embassy Yerevan, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7020

telephone:
[374] (2) 52-16-11

FAX:
[374] (2) 151-550
Diplomatic representation in the US Kiribati does not have an embassy in the US; there is an honorary consulate in Honolulu chief of mission:
Ambassador Arman KIRAKOSIAN

chancery:
2225 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 319-1976

FAX:
[1] (202) 319-2982

consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles
Disputes - international none Armenia supports ethnic Armenians in the Nagorno-Karabakh region of Azerbaijan in the longstanding, separatist conflict against the Azerbaijani Government; traditional demands regarding former Armenian lands in Turkey have subsided
Economic aid - recipient $15.5 million (1995), largely from UK and Japan $245.5 million (1995)
Economy - overview A remote country of 33 scattered coral atolls, Kiribati has few national resources. Commercially viable phosphate deposits were exhausted at the time of independence from the UK in 1979. Copra and fish now represent the bulk of production and exports. The economy has fluctuated widely in recent years. Economic development is constrained by a shortage of skilled workers, weak infrastructure, and remoteness from international markets. Tourism provides more than one-fifth of GDP. The financial sector is at an early stage of development as is the expansion of private sector initiatives. Foreign financial aid, from UK, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and China, is a critical supplement to GDP, equal to 25%-50% of GDP in recent years. Remittances from workers abroad account for more than $5 million each year. Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia had developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics in exchange for raw materials and energy. Since the implosion of the USSR in December 1991, Armenia has switched to small-scale agriculture away from the large agroindustrial complexes of the Soviet era. The agricultural sector has long-term needs for more investment and updated technology. The privatization of industry has been at a slower pace, but has been given renewed emphasis by the current administration. Armenia is a food importer, and its mineral deposits (gold, bauxite) are small. The ongoing conflict with Azerbaijan over the ethnic Armenian-dominated region of Nagorno-Karabakh and the breakup of the centrally directed economic system of the former Soviet Union contributed to a severe economic decline in the early 1990s. By 1994, however, the Armenian Government had launched an ambitious IMF-sponsored economic program that has resulted in positive growth rates in 1995-2000. Armenia also managed to slash inflation and to privatize most small- and medium-sized enterprises. The chronic energy shortages Armenia suffered in recent years have been largely offset by the energy supplied by one of its nuclear power plants at Metsamor. Armenia's severe trade imbalance, importing three times its exports, has been offset somewhat by international aid, domestic restructuring of the economy, and foreign direct investment.
Electricity - consumption 6.51 million kWh (2000) 6.201 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2000) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 7 million kWh (2000) 6.668 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
fossil fuel:
45.56%

hydro:
23.25%

nuclear:
31.19%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Banaba 81 m
lowest point:
Debed River 400 m

highest point:
Aragats Lerr 4,095 m
Environment - current issues heavy pollution in lagoon of south Tarawa atoll due to heavy migration mixed with traditional practices such as lagoon latrines and open-pit dumping; ground water at risk soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; energy blockade, the result of conflict with Azerbaijan, has led to deforestation when citizens scavenged for firewood; pollution of Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras Rivers; the draining of Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan), a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant without adequate (IAEA-recommended) safety and backup systems
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Ethnic groups predominantly Micronesian with some Polynesian Armenian 93%, Azeri 3%, Russian 2%, other (mostly Yezidi Kurds) 2% (1989)

note:
as of the end of 1993, virtually all Azeris had emigrated from Armenia
Exchange rates Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (January 2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997) drams per US dollar - 554.29 (1 February 2001), 539.53 (2000), 535.06 (1999), 504.92 (1998), 490.85 (1997), 414.04 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Teburoro TITO (since 1 October 1994); Vice President Beniamina TIINGA (since NA December 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Teburoro TITO (since 1 October 1994); Vice President Beniamina TIINGA (since NA December 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: 12-member Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the House of Parliament


elections: the House of Parliament chooses the presidential candidates from among their members and then those candidates compete in a general election; president is elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 25 February 2003 (next to be held by November 2007); vice president appointed by the president


election results: Teburoro TITO reelected president; percent of vote - Teburoro TITO 50.4%, Taberannang TIMEON 48.4%, Bakeua Bakeua TEKITA 1.2%
chief of state:
President Robert KOCHARIAN (since 30 March 1998)

head of government:
Prime Minister Andranik MARKARYAN (since 12 May 2000)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; special election last held 30 March 1998 (next to be held NA March 2003); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Robert KOCHARIAN elected president; percent of vote - Robert KOCHARIAN 59.5%, Karen DEMIRCHYAN 40.5%
Exports $6 million f.o.b. (1998) $284 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities copra 62%, coconuts, seaweed, fish diamonds, scrap metal, machinery and equipment, brandy, copper ore
Exports - partners Japan, Bangladesh, US, Australia, Brazil, Poland (2000) Belgium 36%, Iran 15%, Russia 14%, US 7%, Turkmenistan, Georgia (1999)
Fiscal year NA calendar year
Flag description the upper half is red with a yellow frigate bird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the ocean three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and orange
GDP purchasing power parity - $79 million (2001 est.), supplemented by a nearly equal amount from external sources (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $10 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 30%


industry: 7%


services: 63% (1998 est.)
agriculture:
40%

industry:
25%

services:
35% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $840 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $3,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 1.5% (2001 est.) 5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 1 25 N, 173 00 E 40 00 N, 45 00 E
Geography - note 21 of the 33 islands are inhabited; Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Makatea in French Polynesia, and Nauru landlocked
Highways total: 670 km


paved: NA km


unpaved: NA km


note: 27 km are paved in South Tarawa (2001)
total:
8,431 km ()

paved:
NA

unpaved:
NA (1997)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs - illicit cultivator of cannabis mostly for domestic consumption; increasingly used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs - mostly opium and hashish - to Western Europe and the US via Iran, Central Asia, and Russia
Imports $44 million c.i.f. (1999) $913 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, miscellaneous manufactured goods, fuel natural gas, petroleum, tobacco products, foodstuffs, diamonds
Imports - partners Australia, Japan, Fiji, Poland, US (2000) Russia 17%, US 11%, Belgium 11%, Iran 10%, UK, Turkey (1999)
Independence 12 July 1979 (from UK) 21 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Industrial production growth rate 0.7% (1991 est.) 5% (2000 est.)
Industries fishing, handicrafts metal-cutting machine tools, forging-pressing machines, electric motors, tires, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, gem cutting, jewelry manufacturing, software development, brandy
Infant mortality rate 52.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) 41.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.5% (2001 est.) 1% (1999 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WTrO (applicant) BSEC, CCC, CE, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 1 (1999)
Irrigated land NA sq km 2,870 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Court of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts; judges at all levels are appointed by the president Supreme Court; Constitutional Court
Labor force 7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers (1985 est.) 1.5 million (1999)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 55%, services 25%, industry 20% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
1,254 km

border countries:
Azerbaijan-proper 566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 50.68%


other: 49.32% (1998 est.)
arable land:
17%

permanent crops:
3%

permanent pastures:
24%

forests and woodland:
15%

other:
41% (1993 est.)
Languages I-Kiribati, English (official) Armenian 96%, Russian 2%, other 2%
Legal system NA based on civil law system
Legislative branch unicameral House of Parliament or Maneaba Ni Maungatabu (42 seats; 39 elected by popular vote, one ex officio member - the attorney general, one appointed to represent Banaba, and one other; members serve four-year terms)


elections: first round elections last held 29 November 2002; second round elections held 6 December 2002 (next to be held by November 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - BTK 17, MTM 16, independents 7, other 2 (includes attorney general)
unicameral National Assembly (Parliament) or Azgayin Zhoghov (131 seats; members serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 30 May 1999 (next to be held in the spring of 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - unity bloc 61 (Republican Party 41, People's Party of Armenia 20), Stability Group (independent Armenian deputies who have formed a bloc) 21, ACP 10, ARF (Dashnak) 8, Law and Unity Party 7, NDU 6, Law-Governed Party 6, independents 10, unfilled 2; note - seats by party change frequently
Life expectancy at birth total population: 60.54 years


male: 57.61 years


female: 63.62 years (2002 est.)
total population:
66.49 years

male:
62.12 years

female:
71.08 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: NA


total population: NA%


male: NA%


female: NA%
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
99%

male:
99%

female:
98% (1989 est.)
Location Oceania, group of 33 coral atolls in the Pacific Ocean, straddling the equator; the capital Tarawa is about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia; note - on 1 January 1995, Kiribati proclaimed that all of its territory lies in the same time zone as its Gilbert Islands group (GMT +12) even though the Phoenix Islands and the Line Islands under its jurisdiction lie on the other side of the International Date Line Southwestern Asia, east of Turkey
Map references Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,291 GRT/1,295 DWT


ships by type: passenger/cargo 1 (2002 est.)
-
Military - note Kiribati does not have military forces; defense assistance is provided by Australia and NZ -
Military branches no regular military forces; Police Force (carries out law enforcement functions and paramilitary duties; small police posts are on all islands) Army, Air Force and Air Defense Aviation, Air Defense Force, Security Forces (internal and border troops)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $NA $75 million (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% 4% (FY99)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
905,154 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
715,734 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
34,998 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 12 July (1979) Independence Day, 21 September (1991)
Nationality noun: I-Kiribati (singular and plural)


adjective: I-Kiribati
noun:
Armenian(s)

adjective:
Armenian
Natural hazards typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts
Natural resources phosphate (production discontinued in 1979) small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, alumina
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -3.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - natural gas 900 km (1991)
Political parties and leaders Boutokaan Te Koaua Party or BTK [Taberannang TIMEON]; Maneaban Te Mauri Party or MTM [Teburoro TITO]; National Progressive Party or NPP [Dr. Harry TONG]


note: there is no tradition of formally organized political parties in Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groups because they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures
Armenia Party [Myasnik ALKHASYAN]; Armenian Communist Party or ACP [Vladimir DARBINYAN]; Armenian Revolutionary Federation ("Dashnak" Party) or ARF [Hrant MARKARYAN]; Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Azat ARSHAKYN, chairman]; Democratic Liberal Party [Ramkavar AZATAKAN, chairman]; Free Armenian's Mission [Ruben MNATSANIAN, chairman]; Law and Unity Party [Artashes GEGAMIAN, chairman]; Law-Governed Party [Artur BAGDASARIAN, chairman]; Mission Party [Artush PAPOIAN, chairman]; National Democratic Union or NDU [Vazgen MANUKIAN]; National State Party [Samvel SHAGINIAN]; Pan-Armenian National Movement or PANM [Vano SIRADEGHYAN]; People's Party of Armenia [Stepan DEMIRCHYAN]; Republican Party or RPA [Andranik MARKARYAN]; Shamiram Women's Movement or SWM [Gayane SARUKHYAN]; Social Democratic (Hnchakian) Party [Ernst SOGOMONYAN]; Stability Group [Vartan AYVAZIAN, chairman]; Union of National Self-Determination or NSDU [Paruir HAIRIKIAN, chairman]; Unity Bloc [Stepan DEMIRCHIAN and Andranik MARKARYAN] (a coalition of the Republican Party and People's Party of Armenia)
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 96,335 (July 2002 est.) 3,336,100 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 45% (1999 est.)
Population growth rate 2.28% (2002 est.) -0.21% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Banaba, Betio, English Harbour, Kanton none
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1


note: the shortwave station may be inactive (2002)
AM 9, FM 6, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios 17,000 (1997) 850,000 (1997)
Railways 0 km total:
852 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines

broad gauge:
852 km 1.520-m gauge (779 km electrified) (2001)
Religions Roman Catholic 52%, Protestant (Congregational) 40%, some Seventh-Day Adventist, Muslim, Baha'i, Latter-day Saints, and Church of God (1999) Armenian Orthodox 94%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.72 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: NA


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)


note: Kiribati is being linked to the Pacific Ocean Cooperative Telecommunications Network, which should improve telephone service
general assessment:
system inadequate; now 90% privately owned and undergoing modernization and expansion

domestic:
the majority of subscribers and the most modern equipment are in Yerevan (this includes paging and mobile cellular service)

international:
Yerevan is connected to the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic cable through Iran; additional international service is available by microwave radio relay and landline connections to the other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States and through the Moscow international switch and by satellite to the rest of the world; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat
Telephones - main lines in use 3,800 (1999) 568,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 6,220 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 1 (not reported to be active) (2002) 4 (1998)
Terrain mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley
Total fertility rate 4.32 children born/woman (2002 est.) 1.5 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 2%; underemployment 70% (1992 est.) 20% (1998 est.)

note:
official rate is 9.3% for 1998
Waterways 5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands) NA km
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