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Compare Kenya (2006) - Djibouti (2001)

Compare Kenya (2006) z Djibouti (2001)

 Kenya (2006)Djibouti (2001)
 KenyaDjibouti
Administrative divisions 7 provinces and 1 area*; Central, Coast, Eastern, Nairobi Area*, North Eastern, Nyanza, Rift Valley, Western 5 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); 'Ali Sabih, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjoura
Age structure 0-14 years: 42.6% (male 7,454,765/female 7,322,130)


15-64 years: 55.1% (male 9,631,488/female 9,508,068)


65 years and over: 2.3% (male 359,354/female 432,012) (2006 est.)
0-14 years:
42.58% (male 98,314; female 97,859)

15-64 years:
54.58% (male 132,619; female 118,841)

65 years and over:
2.84% (male 6,787; female 6,280) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products tea, coffee, corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables; dairy products, beef, pork, poultry, eggs fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels
Airports 225 (2006) 12 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 15


over 3,047 m: 4


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 5


under 914 m: 1 (2006)
total:
2

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 210


1,524 to 2,437 m: 11


914 to 1,523 m: 115


under 914 m: 84 (2006)
total:
10

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
5

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Area total: 582,650 sq km


land: 569,250 sq km


water: 13,400 sq km
total:
22,000 sq km

land:
21,980 sq km

water:
20 sq km
Area - comparative slightly more than twice the size of Nevada slightly smaller than Massachusetts
Background Founding president and liberation struggle icon Jomo KENYATTA led Kenya from independence in 1963 until his death in 1978, when President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI took power in a constitutional succession. The country was a de facto one-party state from 1969 until 1982 when the ruling Kenya African National Union (KANU) made itself the sole legal party in Kenya. MOI acceded to internal and external pressure for political liberalization in late 1991. The ethnically fractured opposition failed to dislodge KANU from power in elections in 1992 and 1997, which were marred by violence and fraud, but were viewed as having generally reflected the will of the Kenyan people. President MOI stepped down in December 2002 following fair and peaceful elections. Mwai KIBAKI, running as the candidate of the multiethnic, united opposition group, the National Rainbow Coalition, defeated KANU candidate Uhuru KENYATTA and assumed the presidency following a campaign centered on an anticorruption platform. The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. A peace accord in 1994 ended a three-year uprising by Afars rebels.
Birth rate 39.72 births/1,000 population (2006 est.) 40.66 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $3.715 billion


expenditures: $3.88 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2005 est.)
revenues:
$133 million

expenditures:
$187 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital name: Nairobi


geographic coordinates: 1 17 S, 36 49 E


time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Djibouti
Climate varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior desert; torrid, dry
Coastline 536 km 314 km
Constitution 12 December 1963; amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1997, 2001 multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Kenya


conventional short form: Kenya


local long form: Republic of Kenya/Jamhuri y Kenya


local short form: Kenya


former: British East Africa
conventional long form:
Republic of Djibouti

conventional short form:
Djibouti

former:
French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland
Currency - Djiboutian franc (DJF)
Death rate 14.02 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.) 14.66 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $7.391 billion (2005 est.) $356 million (1999 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador William M. BELLAMY


embassy: US Embassy, United Nations Ave., Gigiri; P. O. Box 606 Village Market Nairobi


mailing address: Box 21A, Unit 64100, APO AE 09831


telephone: [254] (20) 537-800


FAX: [254] (20) 537-810
chief of mission:
Ambassador Donald YAMAMOTO

embassy:
Plateau du Serpent, Boulevard Marechal Joffre, Djibouti

mailing address:
B. P. 185, Djibouti

telephone:
[253] 35 39 95

FAX:
[253] 35 39 40
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Leonard NGAITHE


chancery: 2249 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 387-6101


FAX: [1] (202) 462-3829


consulate(s) general: Los Angeles
chief of mission:
Ambassador ROBLE Olhaye Oudine

chancery:
Suite 515, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005

telephone:
[1] (202) 331-0270

FAX:
[1] (202) 331-0302
Disputes - international Kenya served as an important mediator in brokering Sudan's north-south separation in February 2005; Kenya provides shelter to approximately a quarter of a million refugees including Ugandans who flee across the border periodically to seek protection from Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) rebels; the Kenya-Somalia border is open to pastoralists and is susceptible to cross-border clan insurgencies; Kenya's administrative limits extend beyond the treaty border into the Sudan, creating the Ilemi Triangle none
Economic aid - recipient $453 million (1997) $106.3 million (1995)
Economy - overview The regional hub for trade and finance in East Africa, Kenya has been hampered by corruption and by reliance upon several primary goods whose prices have remained low. In 1997, the IMF suspended Kenya's Enhanced Structural Adjustment Program due to the government's failure to maintain reforms and curb corruption. A severe drought from 1999 to 2000 compounded Kenya's problems, causing water and energy rationing and reducing agricultural output. As a result, GDP contracted by 0.2% in 2000. The IMF, which had resumed loans in 2000 to help Kenya through the drought, again halted lending in 2001 when the government failed to institute several anticorruption measures. Despite the return of strong rains in 2001, weak commodity prices, endemic corruption, and low investment limited Kenya's economic growth to 1.2%. Growth lagged at 1.1% in 2002 because of erratic rains, low investor confidence, meager donor support, and political infighting up to the elections. In the key December 2002 elections, Daniel Arap MOI's 24-year-old reign ended, and a new opposition government took on the formidable economic problems facing the nation. In 2003, progress was made in rooting out corruption and encouraging donor support. GDP grew more than 5% in 2005. The economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in northeast Africa. Two-thirds of the inhabitants live in the capital city, the remainder being mostly nomadic herders. Scanty rainfall limits crop production to fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. It has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of 40% to 50% continues to be a major problem. Inflation is not a concern, however, because of the fixed tie of the franc to the US dollar. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% over the last seven years because of recession, civil war, and a high population growth rate (including immigrants and refugees). Faced with a multitude of economic difficulties, the government has fallen in arrears on long-term external debt and has been struggling to meet the stipulations of foreign aid donors. The year 2001 will see only small growth as port activity should decrease now that Ethiopia has more trade route options.
Electricity - consumption 4.238 billion kWh (2003) 167.4 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2003) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 200 million kWh (2003) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 4.342 billion kWh (2003) 180 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Kenya 5,199 m
lowest point:
Lac Assal -155 m

highest point:
Moussa Ali 2,028 m
Environment - current issues water pollution from urban and industrial wastes; degradation of water quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; poaching inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European, and Arab) 1% Somali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5%
Exchange rates Kenyan shillings per US dollar - 75.554 (2005), 79.174 (2004), 75.936 (2003), 78.749 (2002), 78.563 (2001) Djiboutian francs per US dollar - 177.721 (fixed rate since 1973)
Executive branch chief of state: President Mwai KIBAKI (since 30 December 2002); Vice President Moody AWORI (since 25 September 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Mwai KIBAKI (since 30 December 2002); Vice President Moody AWORI (since 25 September 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); in addition to receiving the largest number of votes in absolute terms, the presidential candidate must also win 25% or more of the vote in at least five of Kenya's seven provinces and one area to avoid a runoff; election last held 27 December 2002 (next to be held December 2007); vice president appointed by the president


election results: President Mwai KIBAKI elected; percent of vote - Mwai KIBAKI 63%, Uhuru KENYATTA 30%
chief of state:
President GUELLEH Ismail Omar (since 8 May 1999);

head of government:
Prime Minister DILLEITA Mohamed Dilleita (since 4 March 2001)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers responsible to the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 9 April 1999 (next to be held NA 2005); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
GUELLEH Ismail Omar elected president; percent of vote - GUELLEH Ismail Omar 74.4%, IDRIS Moussa Ahmed 25.6%
Exports NA bbl/day $260 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)
Exports - commodities tea, horticultural products, coffee, petroleum products, fish, cement reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit)
Exports - partners Uganda 13.9%, UK 10.5%, US 9.5%, Netherlands 8.2%, Egypt 5.1%, Tanzania 4.7%, Pakistan 4.5% (2005) Somalia 53%, Yemen 23%, Ethiopia 5%, (1998)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band is edged in white; a large warrior's shield covering crossed spears is superimposed at the center two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center
GDP - purchasing power parity - $574 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 16.3%


industry: 18.8%


services: 65.1% (2004 est.)
agriculture:
3%

industry:
22%

services:
75% (1998 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $1,300 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5.8% (2005 est.) 2% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 1 00 N, 38 00 E 11 30 N, 43 00 E
Geography - note the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa; glaciers are found on Mount Kenya, Africa's second highest peak; unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and economic value strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland
Highways - total:
2,890 km

paved:
364 km

unpaved:
2,526 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 2%


highest 10%: 37.2% (2000)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs widespread harvesting of small plots of marijuana; transit country for South Asian heroin destined for Europe and North America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa; significant potential for money-laundering activity given the country's status as a regional financial center; massive corruption, and relatively high levels of narcotics-associated activities -
Imports NA bbl/day $440 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum products, motor vehicles, iron and steel, resins and plastics foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products
Imports - partners UAE 13.6%, Saudi Arabia 9.9%, US 9.8%, India 8.3%, South Africa 7.9%, China 7.1%, UK 5.4% (2005) France 13%, Ethiopia 12%, Italy 9%, Saudi Arabia 6%, UK 6% (1998)
Independence 12 December 1963 (from UK) 27 June 1977 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate 4.6% (2005 est.) 3% (1996 est.)
Industries small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products, oil refining; aluminum, steel, lead; cement, commercial ship repair, tourism limited to a few small-scale enterprises, such as dairy products and mineral-water bottling
Infant mortality rate total: 59.26 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 61.92 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 56.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
101.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 10.3% (2005 est.) 2% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, EADB, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 1,030 sq km (2003) NA sq km
Judicial branch Court of Appeal (chief justice is appointed by the president); High Court Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Labor force 11.85 million (2005 est.) 282,000
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 75%


industry and services: 25% (2003 est.)
agriculture 75%, industry 11%, services 14% (1991 est.)
Land boundaries total: 3,477 km


border countries: Ethiopia 861 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km
total:
508 km

border countries:
Eritrea 113 km, Ethiopia 337 km, Somalia 58 km
Land use arable land: 8.01%


permanent crops: 0.97%


other: 91.02% (2005)
arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
9%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
91% (1993 est.)
Languages English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar
Legal system based on Kenyan statutory law, Kenyan and English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; judicial review in High Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; constitutional amendment of 1982 making Kenya a de jure one-party state repealed in 1991 based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (224 seats; 210 members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms, 12 so-called "nominated" members who are appointed by the president but selected by the parties in proportion to their parliamentary vote totals, 2 ex-officio members)


elections: last held 27 December 2002 (next to be held by early 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NARC 125, KANU 64, FORD-P 14, other 7; ex-officio 2; seats appointed by the president - NARC 7, KANU 4, FORD-P 1
unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (65 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)

elections:
last held 19 December 1997 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - RPP 65; note - RPP (the ruling party) dominated the election
Life expectancy at birth total population: 48.93 years


male: 49.78 years


female: 48.07 years (2006 est.)
total population:
51.21 years

male:
49.37 years

female:
53.1 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 85.1%


male: 90.6%


female: 79.7% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
46.2%

male:
60.3%

female:
32.7% (1995 est.)
Location Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 3 ships (1000 GRT or over) 6,049 GRT/7,082 DWT


by type: passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 1


registered in other countries: 6 (Bahamas 1, Comoros 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2, Tuvalu 1, unknown 1) (2006)
total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,369 GRT/3,030 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 1 (2000 est.)
Military branches Kenyan Army, Kenyan Navy, Kenyan Air Force (2006) Djibouti National Army (includes Navy and Air Force)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $280.5 million (2005 est.) $23 million (FY97)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.6% (2005 est.) 4.5% (FY97)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
108,038 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
63,589 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 12 December (1963) Independence Day, 27 June (1977)
Nationality noun: Kenyan(s)


adjective: Kenyan
noun:
Djiboutian(s)

adjective:
Djiboutian
Natural hazards recurring drought; flooding during rainy seasons earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods
Natural resources limestone, soda ash, salt, gemstones, fluorspar, zinc, diatomite, gypsum, wildlife, hydropower geothermal areas
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population


note: according to the UNHCR, by the end of 2005 Kenya was host to 233,778 refugees from neighboring countries, including Somalia 153,627, Sudan 67,556, Ethiopia 12,595 (2006 est.)
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines refined products 894 km (2006) -
Political parties and leaders Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People or FORD-People [Kimaniwa NYOIKE, chairman]; Kenya African National Union or KANU [Uhuru KENYATTA]; National Rainbow Coalition or NARC [Mwai KIBAKI] (the governing party) Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; People's Progress Assembly or RPP (governing party) [Ismail Omar GELLEH]
Political pressure groups and leaders human rights groups; labor unions; Muslim organizations; National Convention Executive Council or NCEC, a proreform coalition of political parties and nongovernment organizations [Kivutha KIBWANA]; Protestant National Council of Churches of Kenya or NCCK [Mutava MUSYIMI]; Roman Catholic and other Christian churches; Supreme Council of Kenya Muslims or SUPKEM [Shaykh Abdul Gafur al-BUSAIDY] Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy or FRUD and affiliates; Movement for Unity and Democracy or MUD
Population 34,707,817


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
460,700 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 50% (2000 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 2.57% (2006 est.) 2.6% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - Djibouti
Radio broadcast stations AM 24, FM 18, shortwave 6 (2001) AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 52,000 (1997)
Railways total: 2,778 km


narrow gauge: 2,778 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)
total:
100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)

narrow gauge:
100 km 1.000-m gauge

note:
Djibouti and Ethiopia plan to revitalize the century-old railroad that links their capitals by 2003
Religions Protestant 45%, Roman Catholic 33%, indigenous beliefs 10%, Muslim 10%, other 2%


note: a large majority of Kenyans are Christian, but estimates for the percentage of the population that adheres to Islam or indigenous beliefs vary widely
Muslim 94%, Christian 6%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.12 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.08 male(s)/female

total population:
1.07 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal NA years of age; universal adult
Telephone system general assessment: unreliable; little attempt to modernize except for service to business


domestic: trunks are primarily microwave radio relay; business data commonly transferred by a very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system


international: country code - 254; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat
general assessment:
telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country

domestic:
microwave radio relay network

international:
submarine cable to Jiddah, Suez, Sicily, Marseilles, Colombo, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network
Telephones - main lines in use 281,800 (2005) 8,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 4.612 million (2005) 203 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 8 (2002) 1 (plus 5 low-power repeaters) (1998)
Terrain low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains
Total fertility rate 4.91 children born/woman (2006 est.) 5.72 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 40% (2001 est.) 50% (2000 est.)
Waterways part of Lake Victoria system is within boundaries of Kenya (2003) none
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