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Compare Jersey (2001) - Bhutan (2001)
Compare Jersey (2001) z Bhutan (2001)
| Jersey (2001) | Bhutan (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (British crown dependency) | 18 districts (dzongkhag, singular and plural); Bumthang, Chhukha, Chirang, Daga, Geylegphug, Ha, Lhuntshi, Mongar, Paro, Pemagatsel, Punakha, Samchi, Samdrup Jongkhar, Shemgang, Tashigang, Thimphu, Tongsa, Wangdi Phodrang
note: there may be two new districts named Gasa and Yangtse |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
17.77% (male 8,214; female 7,667) 15-64 years: 67.59% (male 30,065; female 30,331) 65 years and over: 14.64% (male 5,603; female 7,481) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years:
39.99% (male 424,832; female 394,725) 15-64 years: 56.05% (male 591,152; female 557,498) 65 years and over: 3.96% (male 41,125; female 40,080) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes; beef, dairy products | rice, corn, root crops, citrus, foodgrains; dairy products, eggs |
| Airports | 1 (2000 est.) | 2 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
total:
1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total:
1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total:
116 sq km land: 116 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total:
47,000 sq km land: 47,000 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC | about half the size of Indiana |
| Background | The island of Jersey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Dukedom of Normandy that held sway in both France and England. These islands were the only British soil occupied by German troops in World War II. | Under British influence a monarchy was set up in 1907; three years later a treaty was signed whereby the country became a British protectorate. Independence was attained in 1949, with India subsequently guiding foreign relations and supplying aid. A refugee issue of some 100,000 Bhutanese in Nepal remains unresolved; 90% of these displaced persons are housed in seven United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) camps. Maoist Assamese separatists from India, who have established themselves in the southeast portion of Bhutan, have drawn Indian cross-border incursions. |
| Birth rate | 11.28 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 35.73 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$601 million expenditures: $588 million, including capital expenditures of $98 million (2000 est.) |
revenues:
$146 million expenditures: $152 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY95/96 est.) note: the government of India finances nearly three-fifths of Bhutan's budget expenditures |
| Capital | Saint Helier | Thimphu |
| Climate | temperate; mild winters and cool summers | varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas |
| Coastline | 70 km | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Constitution | unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice | no written constitution or bill of rights; note - Bhutan uses 1953 Royal decree for the Constitution of the National Assembly; on 7 July 1998, a Royal edict was ratified giving the National Assembly additional powers |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Bailiwick of Jersey conventional short form: Jersey |
conventional long form:
Kingdom of Bhutan conventional short form: Bhutan |
| Currency | British pound (GBP); note - there is also a Jersey pound | ngultrum (BTN); Indian rupee (INR) |
| Death rate | 9.27 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 14.03 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | none | $120 million (1998) |
| Dependency status | British crown dependency | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (British crown dependency) | the US and Bhutan have no formal diplomatic relations, although informal contact is maintained between the Bhutanese and US Embassy in New Delhi (India) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (British crown dependency) | none; note - Bhutan has a Permanent Mission to the UN; address: 2 United Nations Plaza, 27th Floor, New York, NY 10017; telephone [1] (212) 826-1919; the Bhutanese mission to the UN has consular jurisdiction in the US
consulate(s) general: New York |
| Disputes - international | none | refugee issue over the presence in Nepal of approximately 98,700 Bhutanese refugees, 90% of whom are in seven United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) camps |
| Economic aid - recipient | none | $73.8 million (1995) |
| Economy - overview | The economy is based largely on international financial services, agriculture, and tourism. Potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes, and especially flowers are important export crops, shipped mostly to the UK. The Jersey breed of dairy cattle is known worldwide and represents an important export income earner. Milk products go to the UK and other EU countries. In 1996 the finance sector accounted for about 60% of the island's output. Tourism, another mainstay of the economy, accounts for 24% of GDP. In recent years, the government has encouraged light industry to locate in Jersey, with the result that an electronics industry has developed alongside the traditional manufacturing of knitwear. All raw material and energy requirements are imported, as well as a large share of Jersey's food needs. Light taxes and death duties make the island a popular tax haven. | The economy, one of the world's smallest and least developed, is based on agriculture and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for more than 90% of the population. Agriculture consists largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive. The economy is closely aligned with India's through strong trade and monetary links. The industrial sector is technologically backward, with most production of the cottage industry type. Most development projects, such as road construction, rely on Indian migrant labor. Bhutan's hydropower potential and its attraction for tourists are key resources. The Bhutanese Government has made some progress in expanding the nation's productive base and improving social welfare. Model education, social, and environment programs in Bhutan are underway with support from multilateral development organizations. Each economic program takes into account the government's desire to protect the country's environment and cultural traditions. Detailed controls and uncertain policies in areas like industrial licensing, trade, labor, and finance continue to hamper foreign investment. |
| Electricity - consumption | - | 191.1 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 1.55 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | NA kWh
note: electricity supplied by France |
15 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | - | 1.856 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel:
0.05% hydro: 99.95% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 143 m |
lowest point:
Drangme Chhu 97 m highest point: Kula Kangri 7,553 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | soil erosion; limited access to potable water |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
| Ethnic groups | UK and Norman-French descent | Bhote 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35%, indigenous or migrant tribes 15% |
| Exchange rates | Jersey pounds per US dollar - 0.6764 (January 2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997), 0.6403 (1996); the Jersey pound is at par with the British pound | ngultrum per US dollar - 46.540 (January 2001), 44.942 (2000), 43.055 (1999), 41.259 (1998), 36.313 (1997), 35.433 (1996); note - the Bhutanese ngultrum is at par with the Indian rupee which is also legal tender |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief Air Chief Marshall Sir John CHESHIRE (since 24 January 2001) and Bailiff Philip Martin BAILHACHE (since NA February 1995) cabinet: committees appointed by the Assembly of the States elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; lieutenant governor and bailiff appointed by the monarch |
chief of state:
King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK (since 24 July 1972) head of government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Sangay NGEDUP (since NA 1999) cabinet: Council of Ministers (Lhengye Shungtsog) nominated by the monarch, approved by the National Assembly; members serve fixed, five-year terms; note - there is also a Royal Advisory Council (Lodoi Tsokde), members nominated by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary, but democratic reforms in July 1998 give the National Assembly authority to remove the monarch with two-thirds vote |
| Exports | $NA | $154 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) |
| Exports - commodities | light industrial and electrical goods, foodstuffs, textiles | cardamom, gypsum, timber, handicrafts, cement, fruit, electricity (to India), precious stones, spices |
| Exports - partners | UK | India 94%, Bangladesh |
| Fiscal year | 1 April - 31 March | 1 July - 30 June |
| Flag description | white with a diagonal red cross extending to the corners of the flag and in the upper quadrant, surmounted by a yellow crown, a red shield holding the three lions of England in yellow | divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper triangle is yellow and the lower triangle is orange; centered along the dividing line is a large black and white dragon facing away from the hoist side |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $2.2 billion (1999 est.) | purchasing power parity - $2.3 billion (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
5% industry: 2% services: 93% (1996) |
agriculture:
38% industry: 37% services: 25% (2000 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $24,800 (1999 est.) | purchasing power parity - $1,100 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA% | 6% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 49 15 N, 2 10 W | 27 30 N, 90 30 E |
| Geography - note | largest and southernmost of Channel Islands; about 30% of population concentrated in Saint Helier | landlocked; strategic location between China and India; controls several key Himalayan mountain passes |
| Highways | total:
577 km (1995) paved: NA km unpaved: NA km |
total:
3,285 km paved: 1,994 km unpaved: 1,291 km (1996) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | $NA | $269 million (c.i.f., 2000 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, foodstuffs, mineral fuels, chemicals | fuel and lubricants, grain, machinery and parts, vehicles, fabrics, rice |
| Imports - partners | UK | India 77%, Japan, UK, Germany, US |
| Independence | none (British crown dependency) | 8 August 1949 (from India) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | 9.3% (1996 est.) |
| Industries | tourism, banking and finance, dairy | cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide |
| Infant mortality rate | 5.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | 108.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 4.7% (1998) | 7% (2000 est.) |
| International organization participation | - | AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IMF, Intelsat, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OPCW, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTrO (observer) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | NA | NA |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | 340 sq km (1993 est.) |
| Judicial branch | Royal Court (judges elected by an electoral college and the bailiff) | Supreme Court of Appeal (the monarch); High Court (judges appointed by the monarch) |
| Labor force | 57,050 (1996) | NA
note: massive lack of skilled labor |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | agriculture 93%, services 5%, industry and commerce 2% |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | total:
1,075 km border countries: China 470 km, India 605 km |
| Land use | arable land:
66% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 34% |
arable land:
2% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 6% forests and woodland: 66% other: 26% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | English (official), French (official), Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts | Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects, Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects |
| Legal system | English law and local statute | based on Indian law and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Assembly of the States (55 voting members - 12 senators, 12 constables or heads of parishes, 29 deputies; all elected for six-year terms, half elected every third year; the bailiff and the deputy bailiff; and 3 non-voting members - the Dean of Jersey, the Attorney General and the Solicitor General all appointed by the monarch
elections: last held NA (next to be held NA) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 52 |
unicameral National Assembly or Tshogdu (150 seats; 105 elected from village constituencies, 10 represent religious bodies, and 35 are designated by the monarch to represent government and other secular interests; members serve three-year terms)
elections: last held NA (next to be held NA) election results: NA |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
78.63 years male: 76.21 years female: 81.23 years (2001 est.) |
total population:
52.79 years male: 53.16 years female: 52.41 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
NA total population: NA male: NA female: NA |
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 42.2% male: 56.2% female: 28.1% (1995 est.) |
| Location | Western Europe, island in the English Channel, northwest of France | Southern Asia, between China and India |
| Map references | Europe | Asia |
| Maritime claims | exclusive fishing zone:
12 NM territorial sea: 3 NM |
none (landlocked) |
| Merchant marine | none (2000 est.) | - |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of the UK | - |
| Military branches | - | Royal Bhutan Army, National Militia, Royal Bhutan Police, Royal Body Guards, Forest Guards (paramilitary) |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $NA |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | NA% |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49:
504,342 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49:
269,251 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - military age | - | 18 years of age |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | - | males:
21,167 (2001 est.) |
| National holiday | Liberation Day, 9 May (1945) | National Day (Ugyen WANGCHUCK became first hereditary king), 17 December (1907) |
| Nationality | noun:
Channel Islander(s) adjective: Channel Islander |
noun:
Bhutanese (singular and plural) adjective: Bhutanese |
| Natural hazards | NA | violent storms coming down from the Himalayas are the source of the country's name which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season |
| Natural resources | arable land | timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbide |
| Net migration rate | 2.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | none; all independents | no legal parties |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none | Buddhist clergy; ethnic Nepalese organizations leading militant antigovernment campaign; Indian merchant community; United Front for Democracy (exiled) |
| Population | 89,361 (July 2001 est.) | 2,049,412 (July 2001 est.)
note: other estimates range as low as 800,000 |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 0.48% (2001 est.) | 2.17% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Gorey, Saint Aubin, Saint Helier | none |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM NA, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 0, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998) |
| Radios | NA | 37,000 (1997) |
| Railways | 0 km | 0 km |
| Religions | Anglican, Roman Catholic, Baptist, Congregational New Church, Methodist, Presbyterian | Lamaistic Buddhist 75%, Indian- and Nepalese-influenced Hinduism 25% |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.08 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.03 male(s)/female total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | NA years of age; universal adult | each family has one vote in village-level elections |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
NA domestic: NA international: 3 submarine cables |
general assessment:
NA domestic: domestic telephone service is very poor with few telephones in use international: international telephone and telegraph service is by landline through India; a satellite earth station was planned (1990) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 65,500 (1997) | 6,000 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 4,400 (1997) | NA |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (1997) | 0 (1997) |
| Terrain | gently rolling plain with low, rugged hills along north coast | mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna |
| Total fertility rate | 1.56 children born/woman (2001 est.) | 5.07 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 0.7% (1998 est.) | NA% |
| Waterways | none | none |
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