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Compare Hungary (2001) - Nauru (2002)

Compare Hungary (2001) z Nauru (2002)

 Hungary (2001)Nauru (2002)
 HungaryNauru
Administrative divisions 19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 20 urban counties* (singular - megyei varos), and 1 capital city** (fovaros); Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Bekescsaba*, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Budapest**, Csongrad, Debrecen*, Dunaujvaros*, Eger*, Fejer, Gyor*, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Hodmezovasarhely*, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Kaposvar*, Kecskemet*, Komarom-Esztergom, Miskolc*, Nagykanizsa*, Nograd, Nyiregyhaza*, Pecs*, Pest, Somogy, Sopron*, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Szeged*, Szekesfehervar*, Szolnok*, Szombathely*, Tatabanya*, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Veszprem*, Zala, Zalaegerszeg* 14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren
Age structure 0-14 years:
16.63% (male 862,468; female 818,052)

15-64 years:
68.66% (male 3,406,717; female 3,532,008)

65 years and over:
14.71% (male 546,992; female 939,780) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 39.6% (male 2,515; female 2,366)


15-64 years: 58.7% (male 3,578; female 3,656)


65 years and over: 1.7% (male 108; female 106) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products wheat, corn, sunflower seed, potatoes, sugar beets; pigs, cattle, poultry, dairy products coconuts
Airports 43 (2000 est.) 1 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total:
16

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
8

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
27

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
12

under 914 m:
8 (2000 est.)
-
Area total:
93,030 sq km

land:
92,340 sq km

water:
690 sq km
total: 21 sq km


land: 21 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Indiana about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Hungary was part of the polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under communist rule following World War II. In 1956, a revolt and announced withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact were met with a massive military intervention by Moscow. In the more open GORBACHEV years, Hungary led the movement to dissolve the Warsaw Pact and steadily shifted toward multiparty democracy and a market-oriented economy. Following the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Hungary developed close political and economic ties to Western Europe. It joined NATO in 1999 and is a frontrunner in a future expansion of the EU. Nauru's phosphate deposits began to be mined early in the 20th century by a German-British consortium; the island was occupied by Australian forces in World War I. Nauru achieved independence in 1968 and joined the UN in 1999. Nauru is the world's smallest independent republic.
Birth rate 9.32 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 26.6 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues:
$13 billion

expenditures:
$14.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues: $23.4 million


expenditures: $64.8 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY95/96)
Capital Budapest no official capital; government offices in Yaren District
Climate temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers tropical; monsoonal; rainy season (November to February)
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 30 km
Constitution 18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949, revised 19 April 1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and also established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997 amendment streamlined the judicial system 29 January 1968
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Hungary

conventional short form:
Hungary

local long form:
Magyar Koztarsasag

local short form:
Magyarorszag
conventional long form: Republic of Nauru


conventional short form: Nauru


former: Pleasant Island
Currency forint (HUF) Australian dollar (AUD)
Death rate 13.21 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 7.06 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $29.6 billion (2000) $33.3 million
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Peter F. TUFO

embassy:
Szabadsag Ter 12, H.-1054 Budapest

mailing address:
pouch: American Embassy Budapest, 5270 Budapest Place, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5270

telephone:
[36] (1) 475-4400, 475-4703 (after hours)

FAX:
[36] (1) 475-4764
the US does not have an embassy in Nauru; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Geza JESZENSZKY

chancery:
3910 Shoemaker Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 362-6730

FAX:
[1] (202) 966-8135

consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles and New York
Nauru does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a UN office at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, New York 10017; telephone: (212) 937-0074


consulate(s): Hagatna (Guam)
Disputes - international Gabcikovo/Nagymaros Dam dispute with Slovakia is before the ICJ none
Economic aid - recipient $122.7 million (1995) $2.25 million from Australia (FY96/97 est.)
Economy - overview Hungary continues to demonstrate strong economic growth and to work toward accession to the European Union. The private sector accounts for over 80% of GDP. Foreign ownership of and investment in Hungarian firms is widespread, with cumulative foreign direct investment totaling $23 billion by 2000. Hungarian sovereign debt was upgraded in 2000 to the second-highest rating among all the Central European transition economies. Inflation - a top economic concern in 2000 - is still high at almost 10%, pushed upward by higher world oil and gas and domestic food prices. Economic reform measures such as health care reform, tax reform, and local government financing have not yet been addressed by the ORBAN government. Revenues of this tiny island have come from exports of phosphates, but reserves are expected to be exhausted within a few years. Phosphate production has declined since 1989, as demand has fallen in traditional markets and as the marginal cost of extracting the remaining phosphate increases, making it less internationally competitive. While phosphates have given Nauruans one of the highest per capita incomes in the Third World, few other resources exist with most necessities being imported, including fresh water from Australia. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income have been invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. The government has been borrowing heavily from the trusts to finance fiscal deficits. To cut costs the government has called for a freeze on wages, a reduction of over-staffed public service departments, privatization of numerous government agencies, and closure of some overseas consulates. In recent years Nauru has encouraged the registration of offshore banks and corporations. Tens of billions of dollars have been channeled through their accounts. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist, with estimates of Nauru's per capita GDP varying widely.
Electricity - consumption 35.234 billion kWh (1999) 27.9 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 2.35 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 3.406 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 36.75 billion kWh (1999) 30 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
61.09%

hydro:
0.51%

nuclear:
38.4%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Tisza River 78 m

highest point:
Kekes 1,014 m
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location along plateau rim 61 m
Environment - current issues the approximation of Hungary's standards in waste management, energy efficiency, and air, soil, and water pollution with environmental requirements for EU accession will require large investments limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater, but mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant; intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources
Environment - international agreements party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Hungarian 89.9%, Roma 4%, German 2.6%, Serb 2%, Slovak 0.8%, Romanian 0.7% Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%
Exchange rates forints per US dollar - 282.240 (January 2001), 282.179 (2000), 237.146 (1999), 214.402 (1998), 186.789 (1997), 152.647 (1996) Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (January 2002) 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997)
Executive branch chief of state:
Ferenc MADL (since NA August 2000)

head of government:
Prime Minister Viktor ORBAN (since 6 July 1998)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president

elections:
president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 6 June 2000 (next to be held by June 2005); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president

election results:
Ferenc MADL elected president; percent of legislative vote - NA% (but by a simple majority in the third round of voting); Viktor ORBAN elected prime minister; percent of legislative vote - NA%

note:
to be elected, the president must win two-thirds of legislative vote in the first two rounds or a simple majority in the third round
chief of state: Acting President Derog GIOURA (since 10 March 2003) following death of President Bernard DOWIYOGO note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: Acting President Derog GIOURA (since 10 March 2003) following death of President Bernard DOWIYOGO note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of Parliament


elections: president elected by Parliament for a three-year term; election last held 8 March 2003 (next to be held NA 2004); following Rene HARRIS' resignation, Bernard DOWIYOGO was elected president


election results: Rene HARRIS elected president; percent of Parliamentary vote - NA%; replaced by Bernard DOWIYOGO 9 January 2003 following a no-confidence vote; HARRIS reinstated 17 January 2003, then gives up presidency 18 January and DOWIYOGO is elected president; DOWIYOGO dies 10 March 2003; with 9 votes over 8 for Kinza CLODUMAR, Derog GIOURA was named acting president
Exports $25.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000) $25.3 million f.o.b. (1991)
Exports - commodities machinery and equipment 59.5%, other manufactures 29.4%, food products 6.9%, raw materials 2.4%, fuels and electricity 1.8% (2000) phosphates
Exports - partners Germany 37%, Austria 9%, Italy 6%, Netherlands 5% (2000) NZ, Australia, South Korea, US (2000)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 July - 30 June
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru
GDP purchasing power parity - $113.9 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $60 million (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
5%

industry:
35%

services:
60% (2000 est.)
agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $11,200 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $5,000 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5.5% (2000 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 47 00 N, 20 00 E 0 32 S, 166 55 E
Geography - note landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator
Heliports 5 (2000 est.) -
Highways total:
188,203 km

paved:
81,680 km (including 448 km of expressways)

unpaved:
106,523 km (1998 est.)
total: 30 km


paved: 24 km


unpaved: 6 km (1998 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
3.9%

highest 10%:
24.8% (1996)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis and transit point for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamine and methamphetamine broad-based money-laundering center
Imports $27.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000) $21.1 million c.i.f. (1991)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment 51.1%, other manufactures 35.9%, fuels and electricity 8.1%, food products 2.8%, raw materials 2.1% (2000) food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery
Imports - partners Germany 25%, Russia 8%, Austria 7%, Italy 7% (2000) Australia, US, UK, Indonesia, India (2000)
Independence 1001 (unification by King Stephen I) 31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate 18% (2000 est.) NA%
Industries mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products
Infant mortality rate 8.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 10.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 9.8% (1999 est.) -3.6% (1993) (1993)
International organization participation ABEDA, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU (applicant), FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOGIP, UNOMIG, UNU, UPU, WCL, WEU (associate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, ICAO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 16 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 2,060 sq km (1993 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Constitutional Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly for nine-year terms) Supreme Court
Labor force 4.2 million (1997) -
Labor force - by occupation services 65%, industry 27%, agriculture 8% (1996) employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation
Land boundaries total:
2,009 km

border countries:
Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km, Yugoslavia 151 km, Slovakia 515 km, Slovenia 102 km, Ukraine 103 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
51%

permanent crops:
3.6%

permanent pastures:
12.4%

forests and woodland:
19%

other:
14% (1999)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages Hungarian 98.2%, other 1.8% Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes
Legal system rule of law based on Western model acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Orszaggyules (386 seats; members are elected by popular vote under a system of proportional and direct representation to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held on 10 and 24 May 1998 (next to be held May/June 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party (5% or more of the vote required for parliamentary representation in the first round) - MSZP 32.0%, FIDESZ 28.2%, FKGP 13.8%, SZDSZ 7.9%, MIEP 5.5%, MMP 4.1%, MDF 2.8%, KDNP 2.3%, MDNP 1.5%; seats by party - MSZP 134, FIDESZ 148, FKGP 48, SZDSZ 24, MDF 17, MIEP 14, independent 1; note - seating as of 2000 by party - MSZP 136, FIDESZ 141, FKGP 48, SZDSZ 24, MDF 16, MIEP 12, independents 9
unicameral Parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held NA April 2003)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 18
Life expectancy at birth total population:
71.63 years

male:
67.28 years

female:
76.3 years (2001 est.)
total population: 61.57 years


male: 58.05 years


female: 65.26 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
99%

male:
99%

female:
98% (1980 est.)
definition: NA


total population: NA%


male: NA%


female: NA%
Location Central Europe, northwest of Romania Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands
Map references Europe Oceania
Maritime claims none (landlocked) contiguous zone: 24 NM


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,199 GRT/1,050 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 1 (2000 est.)
none (2002 est.)
Military - note - Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches Ground Forces, Air Force; note - there is a paramilitary Border Guard which is under the Ministry of Interior no regular military forces; Nauru Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $822 million (FY00) $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.6% (FY00) NA%
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,573,119 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 3,103 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
2,050,404 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 1,710 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
64,121 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday St. Stephen's Day, 20 August Independence Day, 31 January (1968)
Nationality noun:
Hungarian(s)

adjective:
Hungarian
noun: Nauruan(s)


adjective: Nauruan
Natural hazards - periodic droughts
Natural resources bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land phosphates, fish
Net migration rate 0.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 1,204 km; natural gas 4,387 km (1991) -
Political parties and leaders Alliance of Free Democrats or SZDSZ [Gabor DEMSZKY]; Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP [Gyorgy GICZY, president]; Federation of Young Democrats-Hungarian Civic Party or FYD-HCP [Laszlo KOVER]; note - used to be Hungarian Civic Party or FIDESZ; Hungarian Democratic Forum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID]; Hungarian Democratic People's Party or MDNP [Erzsebet PUSZTAI, chairman]; Hungarian Justice and Life Party or MIEP [Istvan CSURKA, chairman]; Hungarian Socialist Party or MSZP [Laszlo KOVACS, chairman]; Hungarian Workers' Party or MMP [Gyula THURMER, chairman]; Independent Smallholders or FKGP [Jozsef TORGYAN, president] loose multiparty system; Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal) [Bernard DOWIYOGO]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 10,106,017 (July 2001 est.) 12,329 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 8.6% (1993 est.) NA%
Population growth rate -0.32% (2001 est.) 1.96% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Budapest, Dunaujvaros Nauru
Radio broadcast stations AM 17, FM 57, shortwave 3 (1998) AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 7.01 million (1997) 7,000 (1997)
Railways total:
7,606 km

broad gauge:
36 km 1.524-m gauge

standard gauge:
7,394 km 1.435-m gauge (2,270 km electrified; 1,236 km double track)

narrow gauge:
176 km 0.760-m gauge (1998)

note:
Hungary and Austria jointly manage the cross-border standard-gauge railway connecting Gyor, Sopron, and Ebenfurt (Gysev railroad) a distance of about 101 km in Hungary and 65 km in Austria
total: 5 km


note: gauge unknown; used to haul phosphates from the center of the island to processing facilities on the southwest coast (2001)
Religions Roman Catholic 67.5%, Calvinist 20%, Lutheran 5%, atheist and other 7.5% Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.07 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.58 male(s)/female

total population:
0.91 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 20 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system general assessment:
the telephone system has been modernized and is capable of satisfying all requests for telecommunication service

domestic:
the system is digitalized and highly automated; trunk services are carried by fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay; a program for fiber-optic subscriber connections was initiated in 1996; heavy use is made of mobile cellular telephones

international:
Hungary has fiber-optic cable connections with all neighboring countries; the international switch is in Budapest; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean regions), 1 Inmarsat, 1 very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system of ground terminals
general assessment: adequate local and international radiotelephone communication provided via Australian facilities


domestic: NA


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 3.095 million (1997) 2,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular 1.269 million (July 1999) 450 (1994)
Television broadcast stations 35 (plus 161 low-power repeaters) (1995) 1 (1997)
Terrain mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center
Total fertility rate 1.25 children born/woman (2001 est.) 3.5 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 9.4% (2000 est.) 0%
Waterways 1,373 km (permanently navigable) (1997) none
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