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Compare Guyana (2001) - Botswana (2005)

Compare Guyana (2001) z Botswana (2005)

 Guyana (2001)Botswana (2005)
 GuyanaBotswana
Administrative divisions 10 regions; Barima-Waini, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Demerara-Mahaica, East Berbice-Corentyne, Essequibo Islands-West Demerara, Mahaica-Berbice, Pomeroon-Supenaam, Potaro-Siparuni, Upper Demerara-Berbice, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo 9 districts and 5 town councils*; Central, Francistown*, Gaborone*, Ghanzi, Jwaneng*, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse*, Northwest, Northeast, Selebi-Pikwe*, Southeast, Southern
Age structure 0-14 years:
28.19% (male 100,194; female 96,309)

15-64 years:
66.89% (male 234,976; female 231,360)

65 years and over:
4.92% (male 15,324; female 19,018) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 38.8% (male 322,916/female 312,735)


15-64 years: 57.5% (male 455,183/female 487,236)


65 years and over: 3.8% (male 23,914/female 38,131) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products sugar, rice, wheat, vegetable oils; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; forest and fishery potential not exploited livestock, sorghum, maize, millet, beans, sunflowers, groundnuts
Airports 51 (2000 est.) 85 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
6

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total: 10


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 7


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
45

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
8

under 914 m:
36 (2000 est.)
total: 75


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 54


under 914 m: 18 (2004 est.)
Area total:
214,970 sq km

land:
196,850 sq km

water:
18,120 sq km
total: 600,370 sq km


land: 585,370 sq km


water: 15,000 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Idaho slightly smaller than Texas
Background Guyana achieved independence from the UK in 1966 and became a republic in 1970. In 1989 Guyana launched an Economic Recovery Program, which marked a dramatic reversal from a state-controlled, socialist economy towards a more open, free market system. Results through the first decade have proven encouraging. Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name upon independence in 1966. Four decades of uninterrupted civilian leadership, progressive social policies, and significant capital investment have created one of the most dynamic economies in Africa. Mineral extraction, principally diamond mining, dominates economic activity, though tourism is a growing sector due to the country's conservation practices and extensive nature preserves. Botswana has one of the world's highest known rates of HIV/AIDS infection, but also one of Africa's most progressive and comprehensive programs for dealing with the disease.
Birth rate 17.92 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 23.33 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget revenues:
$220.1 million

expenditures:
$286.4 million, including capital expenditures of $86.6 million (1998)
revenues: $3.735 billion


expenditures: $3.743 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Capital Georgetown Gaborone
Climate tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to mid-August, mid-November to mid-January) semiarid; warm winters and hot summers
Coastline 459 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 6 October 1980 March 1965, effective 30 September 1966
Country name conventional long form:
Co-operative Republic of Guyana

conventional short form:
Guyana

former:
British Guiana
conventional long form: Republic of Botswana


conventional short form: Botswana


former: Bechuanaland
Currency Guyanese dollar (GYD) -
Death rate 8.87 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 29.36 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external $1.1 billion (2000) $531 million (2004 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Ronald D. GODARD

embassy:
100 Young and Duke Streets, Kingston, Georgetown

mailing address:
P. O. Box 10507, Georgetown

telephone:
[592] (2) 54900 through 54909, 57960 through 57969

FAX:
[592] (2) 58497
chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph HUGGINS


embassy: address NA, Gaborone


mailing address: Embassy Enclave, P. O. Box 90, Gaborone


telephone: [267] 353982


FAX: [267] 312782
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Dr. Ali Odeen ISHMAEL

chancery:
2490 Tracy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 265-6900

consulate(s) general:
New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Lapologang Caesar LEKOA


chancery: 1531-1533 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 244-4990


FAX: [1] (202) 244-4164
Disputes - international all of the area west of the Essequibo (river) claimed by Venezuela; Suriname claims area between New (Upper Courantyne) and Courantyne/Kutari [Koetari] rivers (all headwaters of the Courantyne) commission established with Namibia has yet to resolve small residual disputes along the Caprivi Strip, including the Situngu marshlands along the Linyanti River; downstream Botswana residents protest Namibia's planned construction of the Okavango hydroelectric dam at Popavalle (Popa Falls); Botswana has built electric fences to stem the thousands of Zimbabweans who flee to find work and escape political persecution; Namibia has long supported and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing their short, but not clearly delimited Botswana-Zambia boundary
Economic aid - recipient $84 million (1995), Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative (HIPC) $253 million (1997) $73 million (1995)
Economy - overview Severe drought and political turmoil contributed to Guyana's negative growth of -1.8% for 1998 following six straight years of growth of 5% or better. Growth came back to a positive 1.8% in 1999 and 3% in 2000. Underlying growth factors have included expansion in the key agricultural and mining sectors, a more favorable atmosphere for business initiative, a more realistic exchange rate, a moderate inflation rate, and continued support by international organizations. President JAGDEO, the former finance minister, is taking steps to reform the economy, including drafting an investment code and restructuring the inefficient and unresponsive public sector. Problems include a shortage of skilled labor and a deficient infrastructure. The government must persist in efforts to manage its sizable external debt and attract new investment. Botswana has maintained one of the world's highest economic growth rates since independence in 1966. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana has transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world to a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of $9,200 in 2004. Two major investment services rank Botswana as the best credit risk in Africa. Diamond mining has fueled much of the expansion and currently accounts for more than one-third of GDP and for 70-80% of export earnings. Tourism, financial services, subsistence farming, and cattle raising are other key sectors. On the downside, the government must deal with high rates of unemployment and poverty. Unemployment officially is 23.8%, but unofficial estimates place it closer to 40%. HIV/AIDS infection rates are the second highest in the world and threaten Botswana's impressive economic gains. An expected leveling off in diamond mining production overshadow long-term prospects.
Electricity - consumption 423.2 million kWh (1999) 1.89 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 1.025 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - production 455 million kWh (1999) 930 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
98.9%

hydro:
1.1%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
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Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mount Roraima 2,835 m
lowest point: junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m


highest point: Tsodilo Hills 1,489 m
Environment - current issues water pollution from sewage and agricultural and industrial chemicals; deforestation overgrazing; desertification; limited fresh water resources
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups East Indian 49%, black 32%, mixed 12%, Amerindian 6%, white and Chinese 1% Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other, including Kgalagadi and white 7%
Exchange rates Guyanese dollars per US dollar - 184.1 (November 2000), 182.2 (2000), 178.0 (1999), 150.5 (1998), 142.4 (1997), 140.4 (1996) pulas per US dollar - 4.6929 (2004), 4.9499 (2003), 6.3278 (2002), 5.8412 (2001), 5.1018 (2000)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Bharrat JAGDEO (since 11 August 1999); note - assumed presidency after resignation of President JAGAN

head of government:
Prime Minister Samuel HINDS (since NA December 1997)

cabinet:
Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president, responsible to the legislature

elections:
president elected by the majority party in the National Assembly following legislative elections, which must be held at least every five years; elections last held 19 March 2001 (next to be held NA); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
President Bharrat JAGDEO reelected; percent of legislative vote - NA%
chief of state: President Festus G. MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Festus G. MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president


elections: president indirectly elected for a five-year term; election last held 20 October 2004 (next to be held NA 2009); vice president appointed by the president


election results: Festus G. MOGAE elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 52%
Exports $570 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA
Exports - commodities sugar, gold, bauxite/alumina, rice, shrimp, molasses, rum, timber diamonds, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, textiles
Exports - partners US 22%, Canada 22%, UK 18%, Netherlands Antilles 11%, Jamaica (1999) European Free Trade Association (EFTA) 87%, Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 7%, Zimbabwe 4% (2000)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 April - 31 March
Flag description green, with a red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed on a long, yellow arrowhead; there is a narrow, black border between the red and yellow, and a narrow, white border between the yellow and the green light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center
GDP purchasing power parity - $3.4 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
34.7%

industry:
32.5%

services:
32.8% (1998 est.)
agriculture: 4%


industry: 44% (including 36% mining)


services: 52% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $4,800 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $9,200 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 3% (2000 est.) 3.5% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates 5 00 N, 59 00 W 22 00 S, 24 00 E
Geography - note - landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country
Highways total:
7,970 km

paved:
590 km

unpaved:
7,380 km (1996)
total: 10,217 km


paved: 5,619 km


unpaved: 4,598 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs transshipment point for narcotics from South America - primarily Venezuela - to Europe and the US; producer of cannabis -
Imports $660 million (c.i.f., 2000 est.) NA
Imports - commodities manufactures, machinery, petroleum, food foodstuffs, machinery, electrical goods, transport equipment, textiles, fuel and petroleum products, wood and paper products, metal and metal products
Imports - partners US 29%, Trinidad and Tobago 18%, Netherlands Antilles 16%, UK 7%, Japan (1999) Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 74%, EFTA 17%, Zimbabwe 4% (2000)
Independence 26 May 1966 (from UK) 30 September 1966 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 7.1% (1997 est.) 4.4% (2004 est.)
Industries bauxite, sugar, rice milling, timber, fishing (shrimp), textiles, gold mining diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock processing; textiles
Infant mortality rate 38.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 54.58 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 55.97 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 53.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 5.9% (2000 est.) 7% (2004 est.)
International organization participation ACP, C, Caricom, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OIC, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 3 (2000) -
Irrigated land 1,300 sq km (1993 est.) 10 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court of Judicature; Judicial Court of Appeal; High Court High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one in each district)
Labor force 245,492 (1992) 264,000 formal sector employees (2000)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA% NA
Land boundaries total:
2,462 km

border countries:
Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 km
total: 4,013 km


border countries: Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km
Land use arable land:
2%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
6%

forests and woodland:
84%

other:
8% (1993 est.)
arable land: 0.65%


permanent crops: 0.01%


other: 99.34% (2001)
Languages English, Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu Setswana 78.2%, Kalanga 7.9%, Sekgalagadi 2.8%, English 2.1% (official), other 8.6%, unspecified 0.4% (2001 census)
Legal system based on English common law with certain admixtures of Roman-Dutch law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly (65 seats, 53 elected by popular vote, 10 elected by the ten Regional Democratic Councils, and 2 elected by the National Congress of Local Democratic Organs; members serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 19 March 2001 (next to be held NA March 2006)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PPP/C 34, PNC 27, GAP and WPA 2, ROAR 1, TUF 1
bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Chiefs (a largely advisory 15-member body consisting of the chiefs of the eight principal tribes, four elected subchiefs, and three members selected by the other 12 members) and the National Assembly (61 seats, 57 members are directly elected by popular vote and four are appointed by the majority party; members serve five-year terms)


elections: National Assembly elections last held 30 October 2004 (next to be held October 2009)


election results: percent of vote by party - BDP 52%, BNF 26%, BCP 17%, other 5%; seats by party - BDP 44, BNF 12, BCP 1
Life expectancy at birth total population:
63.31 years

male:
60.52 years

female:
66.24 years (2001 est.)
total population: 33.87 years


male: 33.89 years


female: 33.84 years (2005 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over has ever attended school

total population:
98.1%

male:
98.6%

female:
97.5% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 79.8%


male: 76.9%


female: 82.4% (2003 est.)
Location Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Suriname and Venezuela Southern Africa, north of South Africa
Map references South America Africa
Maritime claims continental shelf:
200 NM or to the outer edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total:
2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,929 GRT/4,507 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 2 (2000 est.)
-
Military branches Guyana Defense Force (GDF; includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air Corps), Guyana People's Militia (GPM), Guyana National Service (GNS), Guyana Police Force Botswana Defense Force (includes an Air Wing)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $7 million (FY94) $338.5 million (2004)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.7% (FY94) 3.9% (2004)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
204,938 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
154,259 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Republic Day, 23 February (1970) Independence Day (Botswana Day), 30 September (1966)
Nationality noun:
Guyanese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Guyanese
noun: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)


adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)
Natural hazards flash floods are a constant threat during rainy seasons periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility
Natural resources bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver
Net migration rate -8.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 6.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders Alliance for Guyana or AFG (includes Guyana Labor Party or GLP and Working People's Alliance or WPA [Rupert ROOPNARINE]; Guyana Action Party or GAP [leader NA]; Guyana Labor Party or GLP [leader NA]; People's National Congress or PNC [Hugh Desmond HOYTE]; People's Progressive Party or PPP [Janet JAGEN]; Rise, Organize and Rebuild or ROAR [Ravi DEV]; The United Force or TUF [Manzoor NADIR]; Working People's Alliance or WPA [Rupert ROOPARNINE] Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Festus G. MOGAE]; Botswana National Front or BNF [Otswoletse MOUPO]; Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Otlaadisa KOOSALETSE]; Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]


note: a number of minor parties joined forces in 1999 to form the BAM but did not capture any parliamentary seats; the BAM parties are: the United Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]; the Independence Freedom Party or IFP [Motsamai MPHO]; and the Botswana Progressive Union [D. K. KWELE]
Political pressure groups and leaders Civil Liberties Action Committee or CLAC; Guyana Council of Indian Organizations or GCIO; Rise, Organize and Rebuild or ROAR [Ravi DEV]; Trades Union Congress or TUC

note:
the GCIO and the CLAC are small and active but not well organized
NA
Population 697,181

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
1,640,115


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 47% (2002 est.)
Population growth rate 0.07% (2001 est.) 0% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors Bartica, Georgetown, Linden, New Amsterdam, Parika -
Radio broadcast stations AM 3, FM 3, shortwave 1 (1998) AM 8, FM 13, shortwave 4 (2001)
Radios 420,000 (1997) -
Railways total:
187 km (all dedicated to ore transport)

standard gauge:
139 km 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge:
48 km 0.914-m gauge
total: 888 km


narrow gauge: 888 km 1.067-m gauge (2004)
Religions Christian 50%, Hindu 33%, Muslim 9%, other 8% Christian 71.6%, Badimo 6%, other 1.4%, unspecified 0.4%, none 20.6% (2001 census)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.81 male(s)/female

total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
fair system for long-distance calling

domestic:
microwave radio relay network for trunk lines

international:
tropospheric scatter to Trinidad; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: the system is expanding with the growth of mobile cellular service and participation in regional development


domestic: small system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and a few radiotelephone communication stations; mobile cellular service is growing fast


international: country code - 267; two international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 70,000 (2000) 142,400 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 6,100 (2000) 435,000 (2002)
Television broadcast stations 3 (one public station; two private stations which relay US satellite services) (1997) 1 (2001)
Terrain mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest
Total fertility rate 2.1 children born/woman (2001 est.) 2.85 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate 12% (1992 est.) 23.8% (2004 est.)
Waterways 5,900 km (total length of navigable waterways)

note:
Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo rivers are navigable by oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km, respectively
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