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Compare Guinea (2001) - Guinea-Bissau (2003)

Compare Guinea (2001) z Guinea-Bissau (2003)

 Guinea (2001)Guinea-Bissau (2003)
 GuineaGuinea-Bissau
Administrative divisions 33 prefectures and 1 special zone (zone special)*; Beyla, Boffa, Boke, Conakry*, Coyah, Dabola, Dalaba, Dinguiraye, Dubreka, Faranah, Forecariah, Fria, Gaoual, Gueckedou, Kankan, Kerouane, Kindia, Kissidougou, Koubia, Koundara, Kouroussa, Labe, Lelouma, Lola, Macenta, Mali, Mamou, Mandiana, Nzerekore, Pita, Siguiri, Telimele, Tougue, Yomou 9 regions (regioes, singular - regiao); Bafata, Biombo, Bissau, Bolama, Cacheu, Gabu, Oio, Quinara, Tombali; note - Bolama may have been renamed Bolama/Bijagos
Age structure 0-14 years:
43.12% (male 1,637,000; female 1,645,786)

15-64 years:
54.19% (male 2,015,199; female 2,110,745)

65 years and over:
2.69% (male 84,586; female 120,554) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 41.9% (male 284,150; female 285,370)


15-64 years: 55.2% (male 358,891; female 392,703)


65 years and over: 2.9% (male 17,285; female 22,428) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products rice, coffee, pineapples, palm kernels, cassava (tapioca), bananas, sweet potatoes; cattle, sheep, goats; timber rice, corn, beans, cassava (tapioca), cashew nuts, peanuts, palm kernels, cotton; timber; fish
Airports 15 (2000 est.) 28 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways total:
5

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3 (2000 est.)
total: 3


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
10

1,524 to 2,437 m:
6

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 25


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 4


under 914 m: 20 (2002)
Area total:
245,857 sq km

land:
245,857 sq km

water:
0 sq km
total: 36,120 sq km


land: 28,000 sq km


water: 8,120 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Oregon slightly less than three times the size of Connecticut
Background Independent from France since 1958, Guinea did not hold democratic elections until 1993 when Gen. Lansana CONTE (head of the military government) was elected president of the civilian government. He was reelected in 1998. Unrest in Sierra Leone has spilled over into Guinea, threatening stability and creating a humanitarian emergency. In 1994, 20 years after independence from Portugal, the country's first multiparty legislative and presidential elections were held. An army uprising that triggered a bloody civil war in 1998 created hundreds of thousands of displaced persons. A military junta ousted the president in May 1999. An interim government turned over power in February 2000 when opposition leader Kumba YALA took office following two rounds of transparent presidential elections. Guinea-Bissau's transition back to democracy will be complicated by its crippled economy, devastated in the civil war.
Birth rate 39.78 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 38.41 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget revenues:
$NA

expenditures:
$417.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA million (2000 est.)
revenues: $NA


expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Capital Conakry Bissau
Climate generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds
Coastline 320 km 350 km
Constitution 23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale) 16 May 1984, amended 4 May 1991, 4 December 1991, 26 February 1993, 9 June 1993, and 1996
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Guinea

conventional short form:
Guinea

local long form:
Republique de Guinee

local short form:
Guinee

former:
French Guinea
conventional long form: Republic of Guinea-Bissau


conventional short form: Guinea-Bissau


local long form: Republica da Guine-Bissau


local short form: Guine-Bissau


former: Portuguese Guinea
Currency Guinean franc (GNF) Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States; previously the Guinea-Bissau peso (GWP) was used
Death rate 17.53 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 16.62 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external $3.6 billion (1999 est.) $941.5 million (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Charge d'Affaires Timberlake FOSTER

embassy:
Rue Ka 038, Conakry

mailing address:
B. P. 603, Conakry

telephone:
[224] 41 15 20, 41 15 21, 41 15 23

FAX:
[224] 41 15 22
the US Embassy suspended operations on 14 June 1998 in the midst of violent conflict between forces loyal to then President VIEIRA and military-led junta; for the time being, US embassy Dakar is responsible for covering Guinea-Bissau: telephone - [221] 823-4296; FAX - [221] 822-5903
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Mohamed Aly THIAM

chancery:
2112 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 483-9420

FAX:
[1] (202) 483-8688
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Henrique Adriano DA SILVA


chancery: 1511 K Street NW, Suite 519, Washington, DC 20005


telephone: [1] (202) 347-3950


FAX: [1] (202) 347-3954
Disputes - international border incursions by Revolutionary United Front combatants from Sierra Leone; civil war in that country has engendered a massive flow of refugees to southern Guinea and Liberia separatist war in Senegal's Casamance region results in refugees and cross-border raids, arms smuggling and other illegal activities, and political instability in Guinea-Bissau
Economic aid - recipient $359.2 million (1998) $115.4 million (1995)
Economy - overview Guinea possesses major mineral, hydropower, and agricultural resources, yet remains a poor underdeveloped nation. The country possesses over 30% of the world's bauxite reserves and is the second largest bauxite producer. The mining sector accounted for about 75% of exports in 1999. Long-run improvements in government fiscal arrangements, literacy, and the legal framework are needed if the country is to move out of poverty. The government made encouraging progress in budget management in 1997-99, and reform progress was praised in the World Bank/IMF October 2000 assessment. However, escalating fighting along the Sierra Leonean and Liberian borders will cause major economic disruptions. In addition to direct defense costs, the violence has led to a sharp decline in investor confidence. Foreign mining companies have reduced expatriate staff, while panic buying has created food shortages and inflation in local markets. Real GDP growth is expected to fall to 2% in 2001. One of the 10 poorest countries in the world, Guinea-Bissau depends mainly on farming and fishing. Cashew crops have increased remarkably in recent years, and the country now ranks sixth in cashew production. Guinea-Bissau exports fish and seafood along with small amounts of peanuts, palm kernels, and timber. Rice is the major crop and staple food. However, intermittent fighting between Senegalese-backed government troops and a military junta destroyed much of the country's infrastructure and caused widespread damage to the economy in 1998; the civil war led to a 28% drop in GDP that year, with partial recovery in 1999-2002. Before the war, trade reform and price liberalization were the most successful part of the country's structural adjustment program under IMF sponsorship. The tightening of monetary policy and the development of the private sector had also begun to reinvigorate the economy. Because of high costs, the development of petroleum, phosphate, and other mineral resources is not a near-term prospect. However, unexploited offshore oil reserves could provide much-needed revenue in the long run. The inequality of income distribution is one of the most extreme in the world. The government and international donors continue to work out plans to forward economic development from a lamentably low base. Government drift and indecision, however, have resulted in low growth in 2002 and dim prospects for 2003.
Electricity - consumption 697.5 million kWh (1999) 51.15 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 750 million kWh (1999) 55 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
46.67%

hydro:
53.33%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mont Nimba 1,752 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location in the northeast corner of the country 300 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification; soil contamination and erosion; overfishing, overpopulation in forest region deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; overfishing
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Peuhl 40%, Malinke 30%, Soussou 20%, smaller ethnic groups 10% African 99% (Balanta 30%, Fula 20%, Manjaca 14%, Mandinga 13%, Papel 7%), European and mulatto less than 1%
Exchange rates Guinean francs per US dollar - 1,855.0 (October 2000), 1,572.0 (2000), 1,387.4 (1999), 1,236.8 (1998), 1,095.3 (1997), 1,004.0 (1996) Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.7 (1999), 589.95 (1998)


note: as of 1 May 1997, Guinea-Bissau adopted the XOF franc as the national currency; since 1 January 1999, the XOF franc is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF francs per euro
Executive branch chief of state:
President Lansana CONTE (head of military government since 5 April 1984, elected president 19 December 1993)

head of government:
Prime Minister Lamine SIDIME (since 8 March 1999)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; candidate must receive a majority of the votes cast to be elected president; election last held 14 December 1998 (next to be held NA December 2003); the prime minister is appointed by the president

election results:
Lansana CONTE reelected president; percent of vote - Lansana CONTE (PUP) 56.1%, Mamadou Boye BA (UNR-PRP) 24.6%, Alpha CONDE (RPG) 16.6%,
chief of state: President Henrique ROSA (interim; since 28 September 2003); note - a September 2003 coup overthrough the elected government of Kumba YALA; General Verissimo Correia SEABRA served as interim president from 14 to 28 September 2003


head of government: Prime Minister Artur SANHA (since 28 September 2003)


cabinet: NA


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 28 November 1999 and 16 January 2000 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister appointed by the president after consultation with party leaders in the legislature


election results: Kumba YALA elected president; percent of vote, second ballot - Kumba YALA (PRS) 72%, Malan Bacai SANHA (PAIGC) 28%


note: a bloodless coup led to the dissolution of the elected government of Kumba YALA in September 2003; General Verissimo Correia SEABRA served as interim president from 14 September 2003 until stepping aside on 28 September 2003 with the establishment of a caretaker government
Exports $820 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities bauxite, alumina, gold, diamonds, coffee, fish, agricultural products cashew nuts, shrimp, peanuts, palm kernels, sawn lumber
Exports - partners US, Benelux, Ukraine, Ireland (1999) India 51.5%, Uruguay 19.5%, Thailand 19.4% (2002)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Rwanda, which has a large black letter R centered in the yellow band two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and green with a vertical red band on the hoist side; there is a black five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP purchasing power parity - $10 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $901.4 million (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
22.3%

industry:
35.3%

services:
42.4% (1998 est.)
agriculture: 62%


industry: 12%


services: 26% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,300 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $700 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5% (2000 est.) -4.3% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 11 00 N, 10 00 W 12 00 N, 15 00 W
Geography - note - this small country is swampy along its western coast and low-lying further inland
Highways total:
30,500 km

paved:
5,033 km

unpaved:
25,467 km (1996)
total: 4,400 km


paved: 453 km


unpaved: 3,947 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
2.6%

highest 10%:
32% (1994)
lowest 10%: 0.5%


highest 10%: 42.4% (1991)
Imports $634 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities petroleum products, metals, machinery, transport equipment, textiles, grain and other foodstuffs foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products
Imports - partners France, Belgium, US, Cote d'Ivoire (1999) Senegal 19.6%, Portugal 19.1%, India 15.3%, Taiwan 5.1% (2002)
Independence 2 October 1958 (from France) 24 September 1973 (unilaterally declared by Guinea-Bissau); 10 September 1974 (recognized by Portugal)
Industrial production growth rate 3.2% (1994) 2.6% (1997 est.)
Industries bauxite, gold, diamonds; alumina refining; light manufacturing and agricultural processing industries agricultural products processing, beer, soft drinks
Infant mortality rate 129.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 110.29 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 120.99 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 99.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 6% (2000 est.) 4% (2002 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 2 (2002)
Irrigated land 930 sq km (1993 est.) 170 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal da Justica (consists of nine justices who are appointed by the president and serve at his pleasure; final court of appeals in criminal and civil cases); Regional Courts (one in each of nine regions; first court of appeals for Sectoral Court decisions; hear all felony cases and civil cases valued at over $1,000); 24 Sectoral Courts (judges are not necessarily trained lawyers; they hear civil cases under $1,000 and misdemeanor criminal cases)
Labor force 3 million (1999) 480,000
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 80%, industry and services 20% (2000 est.) agriculture 82% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total:
3,399 km

border countries:
Cote d'Ivoire 610 km, Guinea-Bissau 386 km, Liberia 563 km, Mali 858 km, Senegal 330 km, Sierra Leone 652 km
total: 724 km


border countries: Guinea 386 km, Senegal 338 km
Land use arable land:
2%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
22%

forests and woodland:
59%

other:
17% (1993 est.)
arable land: 10.67%


permanent crops: 1.78%


other: 87.55% (1998 est.)
Languages French (official), each ethnic group has its own language Portuguese (official), Crioulo, African languages
Legal system based on French civil law system, customary law, and decree; legal codes currently being revised; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction NA
Legislative branch unicameral People's National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale Populaire (114 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 11 June 1995 (next scheduled for 26 November 2000 postponed indefinitely due to border fighting with rebels from Sierra Leone and Liberia)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PUP 71, RPG 19, PRP 9, UNR 9, UPG 2, PDG-AST 1, UNP 1, PDG-RDA 1, other 1
unicameral National People's Assembly or Assembleia Nacional Popular (100 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve a maximum of four years); note - President YALA dissolved the National People's Assembly in November 2002, elections for a new legislature were scheduled to fall in February 2003 but were then postponed to April, then July, and were last scheduled to occur in September 2003


elections: last held 28 November 1999 (next to be held NA September 2003)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRS 37, RGB 27, PAIGC 25, 11 remaining seats went to 5 of the remaining 10 parties that fielded candidates
Life expectancy at birth total population:
45.91 years

male:
43.49 years

female:
48.42 years (2001 est.)
total population: 46.97 years


male: 45.09 years


female: 48.91 years (2003 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
35.9%

male:
49.9%

female:
21.9% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 42.4%


male: 58.1%


female: 27.4% (2003 est.)
Location Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Senegal
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) none (2002 est.)
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force, Republican Guard, Presidential Guard, paramilitary National Gendarmerie, National Police Force (Surete National) People's Revolutionary Armed Force (FARP; includes Army, Navy, and Air Force), paramilitary force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $56 million (FY96) $5.6 million (FY02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.4% (FY96) 2.8% (FY02)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,764,912 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 318,711 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
891,166 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 181,318 (2003 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 2 October (1958) Independence Day, 24 September (1973)
Nationality noun:
Guinean(s)

adjective:
Guinean
noun: Guinean(s)


adjective: Guinean
Natural hazards hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season; brush fires
Natural resources bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish fish, timber, phosphates, bauxite, unexploited deposits of petroleum
Net migration rate -2.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

note:
as a result of civil war in neighboring countries, Guinea is host to almost half a million Liberian and Sierra Leonean refugees
-1.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders Democratic Party of Guinea or PDG-AST [Marcel CROS]; Democratic Party of Guinea-African Democratic Rally or PDG-RDA [El Hadj Ismael Mohamed Gassim GUSHEIN]; National Union for Progress or UNP [Paul Louis FABER]; Party for Unity and Progress or PUP [Lansana CONTE] - the governing party; Party for Renewal and Progress or PRP [Siradiou DIALLO]; Rally for the Guinean People or RPG [Alpha CONDE]; Union for Progress of Guinea or UPG [Jean-Marie DORE, secretary-general]; Union for the New Republic or UNR [Mamadou Boye BA]; Union of Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE] African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde or PAIGC [Francisco BENANTE]; Front for the Liberation and Independence of Guinea or FLING [Francois MENDY]; Guinea-Bissau Resistance-Ba Fata Movement or RGB-MB [Helder Vaz LOPES]; Guinean Civic Forum or FCG [Antonieta Rosa GOMES]; International League for Ecological Protection or LIPE [Alhaje Bubacar DJALO, president]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Abubacer BALDE, secretary general]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Victor MANDINGA]; Social Renovation Party or PRS [Kumba YALA]; Union for Change or UM [Jorge MANDINGA, president, Dr. Anne SAAD, secretary general]; United Social Democratic Party or PUSD [Victor Sau'de MARIA]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 7,613,870 (July 2001 est.) 1,360,827 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line 40% (1994 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.96% (2001 est.) 2.02% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors Boke, Conakry, Kamsar Bissau, Buba, Cacheu, Farim
Radio broadcast stations AM 4, FM 8, shortwave 3 (1998) AM 1 (transmitter out of service), FM 4, shortwave 0 (2002)
Radios 357,000 (1997) -
Railways total:
1,086 km

standard gauge:
279 km 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge:
807 km 1.000-m gauge (includes 662 km in common carrier service from Kankan to Conakry)
0 km
Religions Muslim 85%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 7% indigenous beliefs 50%, Muslim 45%, Christian 5%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
0.99 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.7 male(s)/female

total population:
0.96 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female


total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
poor to fair system of open-wire lines, small radiotelephone communication stations, and new microwave radio relay system

domestic:
microwave radio relay and radiotelephone communication

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: small system


domestic: combination of microwave radio relay, open-wire lines, radiotelephone, and cellular communications


international: NA
Telephones - main lines in use 20,000 (1997) 10,000 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular 2,868 (1997) 0 (2001)
Television broadcast stations 6 (1997) NA (1997)
Terrain generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior mostly low coastal plain rising to savanna in east
Total fertility rate 5.39 children born/woman (2001 est.) 5.07 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% NA%
Waterways 1,295 km (navigable by shallow-draft native craft) several rivers are accessible to coastal shipping
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