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Compare Guadeloupe (2002) - Peru (2006)

Compare Guadeloupe (2002) z Peru (2006)

 Guadeloupe (2002)Peru (2006)
 GuadeloupePeru
Administrative divisions none (overseas department of France) 25 regions (regiones, singular - region) and 1 province* (provincia); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Lima*, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali
Age structure 0-14 years: 24.9% (male 55,393; female 53,047)


15-64 years: 66.2% (male 142,945; female 145,757)


65 years and over: 8.9% (male 16,168; female 22,429) (2002 est.)
0-14 years: 30.9% (male 4,456,195/female 4,300,233)


15-64 years: 63.7% (male 9,078,123/female 8,961,981)


65 years and over: 5.3% (male 709,763/female 796,308) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products bananas, sugarcane, tropical fruits and vegetables; cattle, pigs, goats coffee, cotton, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, corn, plantains, grapes, oranges, coca; poultry, beef, dairy products; fish
Airports 9 (2001) 268 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total: 8


over 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 2


under 914 m: 5 (2002)
total: 54


over 3,047 m: 6


2,438 to 3,047 m: 20


1,524 to 2,437 m: 14


914 to 1,523 m: 11


under 914 m: 3 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
total: 214


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 26


914 to 1,523 m: 63


under 914 m: 124 (2006)
Area total: 1,780 sq km


land: 1,706 sq km


water: 74 sq km


note: Guadeloupe is an archipelago of nine inhabited islands, including Basse-Terre, Grande-Terre, Marie-Galante, La Desirade, Iles des Saintes (2), Saint-Barthelemy, Iles de la Petite Terre, and Saint-Martin (French part of the island of Saint Martin)
total: 1,285,220 sq km


land: 1.28 million sq km


water: 5,220 sq km
Area - comparative 10 times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than Alaska
Background Guadeloupe has been a French possession since 1635. The island of Saint Martin is shared with the Netherlands; its southern portion is named Sint Maarten and is part of the Netherlands Antilles and its northern portion is named Saint-Martin and is part of Guadeloupe Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose empire was captured by the Spanish conquistadors in 1533. Peruvian independence was declared in 1821, and remaining Spanish forces defeated in 1824. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980, but experienced economic problems and the growth of a violent insurgency. President Alberto FUJIMORI's election in 1990 ushered in a decade that saw a dramatic turnaround in the economy and significant progress in curtailing guerrilla activity. Nevertheless, the president's increasing reliance on authoritarian measures and an economic slump in the late 1990s generated mounting dissatisfaction with his regime, which led to his ouster in 2000. A caretaker government oversaw new elections in the spring of 2001, which ushered in Alejandro TOLEDO as the new head of government - the first democratically elected president of Quechua ethnicity. The presidential election of 2006 saw the return of Alan GARCIA who, after a disappointing presidential term from 1985 to 1990, returned to the presidency with promises to improve social conditions.
Birth rate 16.53 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 20.48 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget revenues: $225 million


expenditures: $390 million, including capital expenditures of $105 million (1996)
revenues: $21.87 billion


expenditures: $22.47 billion; including capital expenditures of $1.8 billion for general government, but excluding private enterprises (2005 est.)
Capital Basse-Terre name: Lima


geographic coordinates: 12 03 S, 77 03 W


time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate subtropical tempered by trade winds; moderately high humidity varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes
Coastline 306 km 2,414 km
Constitution 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) 31 December 1993
Country name conventional long form: Department of Guadeloupe


conventional short form: Guadeloupe


local long form: Departement de la Guadeloupe


local short form: Guadeloupe
conventional long form: Republic of Peru


conventional short form: Peru


local long form: Republica del Peru


local short form: Peru
Currency euro (EUR); French franc (FRF) -
Death rate 6.03 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 6.23 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external $NA $30.94 billion (2005 est.)
Dependency status overseas department of France -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas department of France) chief of mission: Ambassador J. Curtis STRUBLE


embassy: Avenida La Encalada, Cuadra 17s/n, Surco, Lima 33


mailing address: P. O. Box 1995, Lima 1; American Embassy (Lima), APO AA 34031-5000


telephone: [51] (1) 434-3000


FAX: [51] (1) 618-2397
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas department of France) chief of mission: Ambassador Felipe ORTIZ de Zevallos


chancery: 1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 833-9860 through 9869


FAX: [1] (202) 659-8124


consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Denver, Hartford, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Paterson (New Jersey), San Francisco, Washington, DC
Disputes - international none Chile and Ecuador rejected Peru's November 2005 unilateral law to shift the axis of their joint treaty-defined maritime boundary along the parallel of latitude to an equidistance line which favors Peru; organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia have penetrated Peru's shared border; Peru does not support Bolivia's claim to restore maritime access through a sovereign corridor through Chile along the Peruvian border
Economic aid - recipient $NA; note - substantial annual French subsidies $491 million (2002)
Economy - overview The economy depends on agriculture, tourism, light industry, and services. It also depends on France for large subsidies and imports. Tourism is a key industry, with most tourists from the US; an increasingly large number of cruise ships visit the islands. The traditional sugarcane crop is slowly being replaced by other crops, such as bananas (which now supply about 50% of export earnings), eggplant, and flowers. Other vegetables and root crops are cultivated for local consumption, although Guadeloupe is still dependent on imported food, mainly from France. Light industry features sugar and rum production. Most manufactured goods and fuel are imported. Unemployment is especially high among the young. Hurricanes periodically devastate the economy. Peru's economy reflects its varied geography - an arid coastal region, the Andes further inland, and tropical lands bordering Colombia and Brazil. Abundant mineral resources are found in the mountainous areas, and Peru's coastal waters provide excellent fishing grounds. However, overdependence on minerals and metals subjects the economy to fluctuations in world prices, and a lack of infrastructure deters trade and investment. After several years of inconsistent economic performance, the Peruvian economy grew by more than 4 percent per year during the period 2002-2005, with a stable exchange rate and low inflation. Risk premiums on Peruvian bonds on secondary markets reached historically low levels in late 2004, reflecting investor optimism regarding the government's prudent fiscal policies and openness to trade and investment. Despite the strong macroeconomic performance, the TOLEDO administration remained unpopular in 2005, and unemployment and poverty have stayed persistently high. Economic growth will be driven by the Camisea natural gas megaproject and by exports of minerals, textiles, and agricultural products. Peru is expected to sign a free-trade agreement with the United States in early 2006.
Electricity - consumption 1.293 billion kWh (2000) 21.09 billion kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2000) 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - production 1.39 billion kWh (2000) 22.68 billion kWh (2003 est.)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m


highest point: Soufriere 1,484 m
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Nevado Huascaran 6,768 m
Environment - current issues NA deforestation (some the result of illegal logging); overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes
Environment - international agreements - party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups black or mulatto 90%, white 5%, East Indian, Lebanese, Chinese less than 5% Amerindian 45%, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%
Exchange rates Euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997) nuevo sol per US dollar - 3.2958 (2005), 3.4132 (2004), 3.4785 (2003), 3.5165 (2002), 3.5068 (2001)
Executive branch chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Dominique VIAN (since 6 August 2002)


head of government: President of the General Council Jacques GILLOT (since 26 March 2001); President of the Regional Council Lucette MICHAUX-CHEVRY (since 22 March 1992)


cabinet: NA


elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; the presidents of the General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those councils


election results: NA
chief of state: President Alan GARCIA Perez (since 28 July 2006); First Vice President Luis GIAMPIETRI Rojas; Second Vice President Lourdes MENDOZA del Solar (since 28 July 2006); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Alan GARCIA Perez (since 28 July 2006); First Vice President Luis GIAMPIETRI Rojas; Second Vice President Lourdes MENDOZA del Solar (since 28 July 2006)


note: Prime Minister Jorge DEL CASTILLO Galvez (since 28 August 2006) does not exercise executive power; this power is in the hands of the president


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); presidential and congressional elections held 9 April 2006, with runoff election held 4 June 2006; next to be held April 2011


election results: Alan GARCIA elected president in runoff election; percent of vote - Alan GARCIA 52.5%, Ollanta HUMALA Tasso 47.5%
Exports $140 million f.o.b. (1997) 49,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Exports - commodities bananas, sugar, rum copper, gold, zinc, crude petroleum and petroleum products, coffee
Exports - partners France 60%, Martinique 18%, US 4% (1997) US 31.1%, China 10.8%, Chile 6.6%, Canada 5.9%, Switzerland 4.6% (2005)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description the flag of France is used three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a shield bearing a vicuna, cinchona tree (the source of quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins, all framed by a green wreath
GDP purchasing power parity - $3.7 billion (1997 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 15%


industry: 17%


services: 68% (1997 est.)
agriculture: 8%


industry: 27%


services: 65% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $9,000 (1997 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate NA% 6.4% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates 16 15 N, 61 35 W 10 00 S, 76 00 W
Geography - note a narrow channel, the Riviere Salee, divides Guadeloupe proper into two islands: the larger, western Basse-Terre and the smaller, eastern Grande-Terre shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia; a remote slope of Nevado Mismi, a 5,316 m peak, is the ultimate source of the Amazon River
Heliports - 1 (2006)
Highways total: 2,560 km


paved: 965 km


unpaved: 1,595 km (1996)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: 0.8%


highest 10%: 37.2% (2000)
Illicit drugs - until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer; cultivation of coca in Peru fell 15% to 31,150 hectares between 2002 and the end of 2003; much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine, while finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to Europe and Africa
Imports $1.7 billion c.i.f. (1997) NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, fuels, vehicles, clothing and other consumer goods, construction materials petroleum and petroleum products, plastics, machinery, vehicles, iron and steel, wheat, paper
Imports - partners France 63%, Germany 4%, US 3%, Japan 2%, Netherlands Antilles 2% (1997) US 18.2%, China 8.5%, Brazil 8%, Ecuador 7.4%, Colombia 6.1%, Argentina 5.1%, Chile 5.1%, Venezuela 4.1% (2005)
Independence none (overseas department of France) 28 July 1821 (from Spain)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 6.9% (2005 est.)
Industries construction, cement, rum, sugar, tourism mining and refining of minerals; steel, metal fabrication; petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas; fishing and fish processing, textiles, clothing, food processing
Infant mortality rate 9.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) total: 30.94 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 33.49 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 28.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) NA% 1.6% (2005 est.)
International organization participation FZ, WCL, WFTU APEC, CAN, CSN, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 3 (2000) -
Irrigated land 20 sq km (1998 est.) 12,000 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel with jurisdiction over Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary)
Labor force 125,900 (1997) (1997) 9.06 million (2005 est.)
Labor force - by occupation NA agriculture: 9%


industry: 18%


services: 73% (2001)
Land boundaries total: 10.2 km


border countries: Netherlands Antilles (Sint Maarten) 10.2 km
total: 5,536 km


border countries: Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km, Colombia 1,496 km (est.), Ecuador 1,420 km
Land use arable land: 10.65%


permanent crops: 4.14%


other: 85.21% (1998 est.)
arable land: 2.88%


permanent crops: 0.47%


other: 96.65% (2005)
Languages French (official) 99%, Creole patois Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara, and a large number of minor Amazonian languages
Legal system French legal system based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral General Council or Conseil General (42 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the unicameral Regional Council or Conseil Regional (41 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)


elections: General Council - last held 22 March 1998 (next to be held by NA 2004); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004)


election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - left-wing candidates 11, PS 8, RPR 8, PPDG 6, right-wing candidates 5, PCG 3, UDF 1; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - RPR 48.03%, PS/PPDG/diverse left parties 24.49%, PCG 5.29%, diverse right parties 5.73%; seats by party - RPR 25, PS/PPDG/diverse left parties 12, PCG 2, diverse right parties 2


note: Guadeloupe elects two representatives to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1995 (next to be held NA September 2004); percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1, FGPS 1; Guadeloupe elects four representatives to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 June-16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2002); percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1, PS 2, PC 1
unicameral Congress of the Republic of Peru or Congreso de la Republica del Peru (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 9 April 2006 (next to be held April 2011)


election results: percent of vote by party - UPP 21.2%, PAP 20.6%, UN 15.3%, AF 13.1%, FC 7.1%, PP 4.1%, RN 4.0%; seats by party - UPP 45, PAP 36, UN 17, AF 13, FC 5, PP 2, RN 2
Life expectancy at birth total population: 77.35 years


male: 74.19 years


female: 80.66 years (2002 est.)
total population: 69.84 years


male: 68.05 years


female: 71.71 years (2006 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 90%


male: 90%


female: 90% (1982 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 87.7%


male: 93.5%


female: 82.1% (2004 est.)
Location Caribbean, islands in the eastern Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador
Map references Central America and the Caribbean South America
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
territorial sea: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm
Merchant marine total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,240 GRT/109 DWT


ships by type: passenger 1


note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: France 1 (2002 est.)
total: 4 ships (1000 GRT or over) 38,954 GRT/62,255 DWT


by type: cargo 3, petroleum tanker 1


foreign-owned: 1 (US 1)


registered in other countries: 15 (Panama 15) (2006)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France -
Military branches no regular indigenous military forces; French Forces, Gendarmerie Peruvian Army (Ejercito Peruano), Peruvian Navy (Marina de Guerra del Peru; includes naval air, naval infantry, and coast guard), Peruvian Air Force (Fuerza Aerea del Peru, FAP)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $829.3 million (2003 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 1.4% (2003 est.)
National holiday Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) Independence Day, 28 July (1821)
Nationality noun: Guadeloupian(s)


adjective: Guadeloupe
noun: Peruvian(s)


adjective: Peruvian
Natural hazards hurricanes (June to October); Soufriere de Guadeloupe is an active volcano earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity
Natural resources cultivable land, beaches and climate that foster tourism copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower, natural gas
Net migration rate -0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -1.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Pipelines - gas 983 km; gas/lpg 61 km; liquid natural gas 106 km; liquid petroleum gas 517 km; oil 1,754 km; refined products 13 km (2006)
Political parties and leaders Communist Party of Guadeloupe or PCG [Christian CELESTE]; FGPS [Dominique LARIFLA]; Progressive Democratic Party or PPDG [Henri BANGOU]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Aldo BLAISE]; Socialist Party or PS [Georges LOUISOR]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Marcel ESDRAS] Alliance For Progress (Alianza Para El Progreso) [Cesar ACUNA Peralta]; Alliance For The Future (Alianza Por El Futuro) or AF - a coalition of pro-FUJIMORI parties including Cambio 90, Nueva Mayoria, and Si Cumple [Martha CHAVEZ Cossio]; Centrist Front (Frente Del Centro) or FC - a coalition of Accion Popular, Somos Peru, and Coordinadora Nacional de Independientes [Valentin PANIAGUA Corazoa]; Independent Moralizing Front (Frente Independiente Moralizador) or FIM [Fernando OLIVERA Vega]; Nationalist Party Uniting Peru (Partido Nacionalista Uniendo al Peru) or UPP - a coalition of Union for Peru (UPP) and Peruvian Nationalist Party (PNP) [Ollanta HUMALA Tasso]; National Restoration (Restauracion Nacional) or RN [Humberto LAY Sun]; National Unity (Unidad Nacional) or UN [Lourdes FLORES Nano]; Peru Possible (Peru Posible) or PP [David WAISMAN]; Peruvian Aprista Party (Partido Aprista Peruano) or PAP - also referred to by its original name Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana or APRA [Alan GARCIA]
Political pressure groups and leaders Christian Movement for the Liberation of Guadeloupe or KLPG; General Federation of Guadeloupe Workers or CGT-G; General Union of Guadeloupe Workers or UGTG; Movement for Independent Guadeloupe or MPGI leftist guerrilla groups include Shining Path [Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned), Gabriel MACARIO (top leader at-large)]; Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement or MRTA [Victor POLAY (imprisoned), Hugo AVALLENEDA Valdez (top leader at-large)]
Population 435,739 (July 2002 est.) 28,302,603 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 54% (2003 est.)
Population growth rate 1.04% (2002 est.) 1.32% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors Basse-Terre, Gustavia (on Saint Barthelemy), Marigot, Pointe-a-Pitre -
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 17, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 472, FM 198, shortwave 189 (1999)
Radios 113,000 (1997) -
Railways total: NA km; privately owned, narrow-gauge plantation lines total: 3,462 km


standard gauge: 2,962 km 1.435-m gauge


narrow gauge: 500 km 0.914-m gauge (2005)
Religions Roman Catholic 95%, Hindu and pagan African 4%, Protestant 1% Roman Catholic 81%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.4%, other Christian 0.7%, other 0.6%, unspecified or none 16.3% (2003 est.)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female


total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal and compulsory until the age of 70; note - members of the military and national police may not vote
Telephone system general assessment: domestic facilities inadequate


domestic: NA


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay to Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, and Martinique
general assessment: adequate for most requirements


domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations


international: country code - 51; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); Pan American submarine cable
Telephones - main lines in use 171,000 (1996) 2,250,500 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 5.583 million (2005)
Television broadcast stations 5 (plus several low-power repeaters) (1997) 13 (plus 112 repeaters) (1997)
Terrain Basse-Terre is volcanic in origin with interior mountains; Grande-Terre is low limestone formation; most of the seven other islands are volcanic in origin western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)
Total fertility rate 1.92 children born/woman (2002 est.) 2.51 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate 27.8% (1998) (1998) 7.6% in metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment (2005 est.)
Waterways none 8,808 km


note: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km of Lago Titicaca (2005)
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