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Compare Gibraltar (2003) - Svalbard (2006)

Compare Gibraltar (2003) z Svalbard (2006)

 Gibraltar (2003)Svalbard (2006)
 GibraltarSvalbard
Administrative divisions none (overseas territory of the UK) -
Age structure 0-14 years: 18.3% (male 2,593; female 2,482)


15-64 years: 66.3% (male 9,458; female 8,946)


65 years and over: 15.4% (male 1,873; female 2,424) (2003 est.)		 0-14 years: NA


15-64 years: NA


65 years and over: NA (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products none -
Airports 1 (2002) 4 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)		 total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 2


under 914 m: 2 (2006)
Area total: 6.5 sq km


land: 6.5 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total: 61,020 sq km


land: 61,020 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)
Area - comparative about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC slightly smaller than West Virginia
Background Strategically important, Gibraltar was ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; the British garrison was formally declared a colony in 1830. In referendums held in 1967 and 2002, Gibraltarians ignored Spanish pressure and voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency. First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory.
Birth rate 11.09 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) NA births/1,000 population
Budget revenues: $307 million


expenditures: $284 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY 00/01 est.)		 revenues: $11.5 million


expenditures: $11.5 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
Capital Gibraltar name: Longyearbyen


geographic coordinates: 78 13 N, 15 33 E


time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year
Coastline 12 km 3,587 km
Constitution 30 May 1969 -
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Gibraltar		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)
Currency Gibraltar pound (GIP) -
Death rate 8.93 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external $NA -
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was awarded to Norway
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of the UK) -
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK) -
Disputes - international Gibraltar residents vote overwhelmingly in referendum against "total shared sovereignty" arrangement worked out between Spain and UK to change 300-year rule over colony despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone
Economic aid - recipient $NA; note - if an agreement between Spain and the UK is reached, could receive 50 million euros from the EU $8.2 million from Norway (1998)
Economy - overview Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade, offshore banking, and its position as an international conference center. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 7% to the local economy, compared with 60% in 1984. The financial sector, tourism (almost 5 million visitors in 1998), shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. The financial sector, the shipping sector, and tourism each contribute 25%-30% of GDP. Telecommunications accounts for another 10%. In recent years, Gibraltar has seen major structural change from a public to a private sector economy, but changes in government spending still have a major impact on the level of employment. Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gives the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some hunting of seal, reindeer, and fox.
Electricity - consumption 93 million kWh (2001) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production 100 million kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m


highest point: Rock of Gibraltar 426 m		 lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m
Environment - current issues limited natural freshwater resources: large concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rainwater (no longer used for drinking water) and adequate desalination plant NA
Ethnic groups Spanish, Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998)
Exchange rates Gibraltar pounds per US dollar - 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998); note - the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 6.4425 (2005), 6.7408 (2004), 7.0802 (2003), 7.9838 (2002), 8.9917 (2001)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor and Commander-in-Chief Sir Francis RICHARDS (since 27 May 2003)


head of government: Chief Minister Peter CARUANA (since 17 May 1996)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed from among the 15 elected members of the House of Assembly by the governor in consultation with the chief minister


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed chief minister by the governor		 chief of state: King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991)


head of government: Governor Odd Olsen INGERO (since 8 June 2001) and Assistant Governor Rune Baard HANSEN (since NA)


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice
Exports NA (2001) $NA
Exports - commodities (principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other 8% -
Exports - partners UK 27.7%, Switzerland 14.3%, Germany 12%, France 6.9%, Spain 6.1%, Turkmenistan 5%, Ukraine 4.6% (2002) -
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June -
Flag description two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band the flag of Norway is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $500 million (1997 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $17,500 (1997 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate NA% NA%
Geographic coordinates 36 8 N, 5 21 W 78 00 N, 20 00 E
Geography - note strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area; site of future seed repository under construction by the Global Crop Diversity Trust and the Norwegian Government
Highways total: 29 km


paved: 29 km


unpaved: 0 km (2002)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%		 -
Imports NA (2001) $NA
Imports - commodities fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs -
Imports - partners Germany 27.3%, Spain 21.8%, UK 12.1%, Italy 8% (2002) -
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK) none (territory of Norway)
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries tourism, banking and finance, ship repairing, tobacco -
Infant mortality rate total: 5.31 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 5.92 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 4.67 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)		 total: NA


male: NA


female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.5% (1998) -
International organization participation Interpol (subbureau) none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km NA
Judicial branch Supreme Court; Court of Appeal -
Labor force 14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers) NA
Labor force - by occupation services 60%, industry 40%, agriculture NEGL% -
Land boundaries total: 1.2 km


border countries: Spain 1.2 km		 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (2005)
Languages English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese Norwegian, Russian
Legal system English law NA
Legislative branch unicameral House of Assembly (18 seats - 15 elected by popular vote, one appointed for the Speaker, and two ex officio members; members serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 27 November 2003 (next to be held not later than NA 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - GSD 58%, GSLP 41%; seats by party - GSD 8, GSLP 7		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: 79.38 years


male: 76.51 years


female: 82.4 years (2003 est.)		 total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA
Literacy definition: NA


total population: above 80%


male: NA%


female: NA%		 NA
Location Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway
Map references Europe Arctic Region
Maritime claims territorial sea: 3 NM territorial sea: 4 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia
Merchant marine total: 114 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,008,140 GRT/1,435,595 DWT


ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 58, chemical tanker 14, container 20, multi-functional large-load carrier 3, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 13, roll on/roll off 2


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 1, Cyprus 1, France 2, Germany 55, Greece 6, Ireland 1, Monaco 2, Norway 3, United Kingdom 13 (2002 est.)		 -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK demilitarized by treaty on 9 February 1920
Military branches no regular indigenous military forces; British Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force -
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $5.501 billion
National holiday National Day, 10 September (1967); note - day of the national referendum to decide whether to remain with the UK or go with Spain -
Nationality noun: Gibraltarian(s)


adjective: Gibraltar		 -
Natural hazards NA ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic
Natural resources NEGL coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Pipelines 0 km -
Political parties and leaders Gibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO] -
Political pressure groups and leaders Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization; Women's Association -
Population 27,776 (July 2003 est.) 2,701 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 0.22% (2003 est.) -0.02% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors Gibraltar -
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions Roman Catholic 76.9%, Church of England 6.9%, Muslim 6.9%, Jewish 2.3%, none or other 7% (1991) -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2003 est.)		 NA
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal, plus other UK subjects who have been residents six months or more -
Telephone system general assessment: adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate international facilities


domestic: automatic exchange facilities


international: radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)		 general assessment: probably adequate


domestic: local telephone service


international: country code - 47-790; satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)
Telephones - main lines in use 19,000 (1997) NA
Telephones - mobile cellular 1,620 (1997) NA
Television broadcast stations 1 (plus three low-power repeaters) (1997) NA
Terrain a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts
Total fertility rate 1.65 children born/woman (2003 est.) NA
Unemployment rate 2% (2001 est.) -
Waterways none -
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