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Compare Gibraltar (2003) - Peru (2006)

Compare Gibraltar (2003) z Peru (2006)

 Gibraltar (2003)Peru (2006)
 GibraltarPeru
Administrative divisions none (overseas territory of the UK) 25 regions (regiones, singular - region) and 1 province* (provincia); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Lima*, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali
Age structure 0-14 years: 18.3% (male 2,593; female 2,482)


15-64 years: 66.3% (male 9,458; female 8,946)


65 years and over: 15.4% (male 1,873; female 2,424) (2003 est.)
0-14 years: 30.9% (male 4,456,195/female 4,300,233)


15-64 years: 63.7% (male 9,078,123/female 8,961,981)


65 years and over: 5.3% (male 709,763/female 796,308) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products none coffee, cotton, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, corn, plantains, grapes, oranges, coca; poultry, beef, dairy products; fish
Airports 1 (2002) 268 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
total: 54


over 3,047 m: 6


2,438 to 3,047 m: 20


1,524 to 2,437 m: 14


914 to 1,523 m: 11


under 914 m: 3 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 214


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 26


914 to 1,523 m: 63


under 914 m: 124 (2006)
Area total: 6.5 sq km


land: 6.5 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 1,285,220 sq km


land: 1.28 million sq km


water: 5,220 sq km
Area - comparative about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC slightly smaller than Alaska
Background Strategically important, Gibraltar was ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; the British garrison was formally declared a colony in 1830. In referendums held in 1967 and 2002, Gibraltarians ignored Spanish pressure and voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency. Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose empire was captured by the Spanish conquistadors in 1533. Peruvian independence was declared in 1821, and remaining Spanish forces defeated in 1824. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980, but experienced economic problems and the growth of a violent insurgency. President Alberto FUJIMORI's election in 1990 ushered in a decade that saw a dramatic turnaround in the economy and significant progress in curtailing guerrilla activity. Nevertheless, the president's increasing reliance on authoritarian measures and an economic slump in the late 1990s generated mounting dissatisfaction with his regime, which led to his ouster in 2000. A caretaker government oversaw new elections in the spring of 2001, which ushered in Alejandro TOLEDO as the new head of government - the first democratically elected president of Quechua ethnicity. The presidential election of 2006 saw the return of Alan GARCIA who, after a disappointing presidential term from 1985 to 1990, returned to the presidency with promises to improve social conditions.
Birth rate 11.09 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 20.48 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget revenues: $307 million


expenditures: $284 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY 00/01 est.)
revenues: $21.87 billion


expenditures: $22.47 billion; including capital expenditures of $1.8 billion for general government, but excluding private enterprises (2005 est.)
Capital Gibraltar name: Lima


geographic coordinates: 12 03 S, 77 03 W


time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes
Coastline 12 km 2,414 km
Constitution 30 May 1969 31 December 1993
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Gibraltar
conventional long form: Republic of Peru


conventional short form: Peru


local long form: Republica del Peru


local short form: Peru
Currency Gibraltar pound (GIP) -
Death rate 8.93 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 6.23 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external $NA $30.94 billion (2005 est.)
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of the UK) chief of mission: Ambassador J. Curtis STRUBLE


embassy: Avenida La Encalada, Cuadra 17s/n, Surco, Lima 33


mailing address: P. O. Box 1995, Lima 1; American Embassy (Lima), APO AA 34031-5000


telephone: [51] (1) 434-3000


FAX: [51] (1) 618-2397
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK) chief of mission: Ambassador Felipe ORTIZ de Zevallos


chancery: 1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 833-9860 through 9869


FAX: [1] (202) 659-8124


consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Denver, Hartford, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Paterson (New Jersey), San Francisco, Washington, DC
Disputes - international Gibraltar residents vote overwhelmingly in referendum against "total shared sovereignty" arrangement worked out between Spain and UK to change 300-year rule over colony Chile and Ecuador rejected Peru's November 2005 unilateral law to shift the axis of their joint treaty-defined maritime boundary along the parallel of latitude to an equidistance line which favors Peru; organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia have penetrated Peru's shared border; Peru does not support Bolivia's claim to restore maritime access through a sovereign corridor through Chile along the Peruvian border
Economic aid - recipient $NA; note - if an agreement between Spain and the UK is reached, could receive 50 million euros from the EU $491 million (2002)
Economy - overview Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade, offshore banking, and its position as an international conference center. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 7% to the local economy, compared with 60% in 1984. The financial sector, tourism (almost 5 million visitors in 1998), shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. The financial sector, the shipping sector, and tourism each contribute 25%-30% of GDP. Telecommunications accounts for another 10%. In recent years, Gibraltar has seen major structural change from a public to a private sector economy, but changes in government spending still have a major impact on the level of employment. Peru's economy reflects its varied geography - an arid coastal region, the Andes further inland, and tropical lands bordering Colombia and Brazil. Abundant mineral resources are found in the mountainous areas, and Peru's coastal waters provide excellent fishing grounds. However, overdependence on minerals and metals subjects the economy to fluctuations in world prices, and a lack of infrastructure deters trade and investment. After several years of inconsistent economic performance, the Peruvian economy grew by more than 4 percent per year during the period 2002-2005, with a stable exchange rate and low inflation. Risk premiums on Peruvian bonds on secondary markets reached historically low levels in late 2004, reflecting investor optimism regarding the government's prudent fiscal policies and openness to trade and investment. Despite the strong macroeconomic performance, the TOLEDO administration remained unpopular in 2005, and unemployment and poverty have stayed persistently high. Economic growth will be driven by the Camisea natural gas megaproject and by exports of minerals, textiles, and agricultural products. Peru is expected to sign a free-trade agreement with the United States in early 2006.
Electricity - consumption 93 million kWh (2001) 21.09 billion kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - production 100 million kWh (2001) 22.68 billion kWh (2003 est.)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m


highest point: Rock of Gibraltar 426 m
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Nevado Huascaran 6,768 m
Environment - current issues limited natural freshwater resources: large concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rainwater (no longer used for drinking water) and adequate desalination plant deforestation (some the result of illegal logging); overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes
Environment - international agreements - party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Spanish, Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese Amerindian 45%, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%
Exchange rates Gibraltar pounds per US dollar - 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998); note - the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound nuevo sol per US dollar - 3.2958 (2005), 3.4132 (2004), 3.4785 (2003), 3.5165 (2002), 3.5068 (2001)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor and Commander-in-Chief Sir Francis RICHARDS (since 27 May 2003)


head of government: Chief Minister Peter CARUANA (since 17 May 1996)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed from among the 15 elected members of the House of Assembly by the governor in consultation with the chief minister


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed chief minister by the governor
chief of state: President Alan GARCIA Perez (since 28 July 2006); First Vice President Luis GIAMPIETRI Rojas; Second Vice President Lourdes MENDOZA del Solar (since 28 July 2006); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Alan GARCIA Perez (since 28 July 2006); First Vice President Luis GIAMPIETRI Rojas; Second Vice President Lourdes MENDOZA del Solar (since 28 July 2006)


note: Prime Minister Jorge DEL CASTILLO Galvez (since 28 August 2006) does not exercise executive power; this power is in the hands of the president


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); presidential and congressional elections held 9 April 2006, with runoff election held 4 June 2006; next to be held April 2011


election results: Alan GARCIA elected president in runoff election; percent of vote - Alan GARCIA 52.5%, Ollanta HUMALA Tasso 47.5%
Exports NA (2001) 49,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Exports - commodities (principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other 8% copper, gold, zinc, crude petroleum and petroleum products, coffee
Exports - partners UK 27.7%, Switzerland 14.3%, Germany 12%, France 6.9%, Spain 6.1%, Turkmenistan 5%, Ukraine 4.6% (2002) US 31.1%, China 10.8%, Chile 6.6%, Canada 5.9%, Switzerland 4.6% (2005)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June calendar year
Flag description two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a shield bearing a vicuna, cinchona tree (the source of quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins, all framed by a green wreath
GDP purchasing power parity - $500 million (1997 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture: 8%


industry: 27%


services: 65% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $17,500 (1997 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate NA% 6.4% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates 36 8 N, 5 21 W 10 00 S, 76 00 W
Geography - note strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia; a remote slope of Nevado Mismi, a 5,316 m peak, is the ultimate source of the Amazon River
Heliports - 1 (2006)
Highways total: 29 km


paved: 29 km


unpaved: 0 km (2002)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: 0.8%


highest 10%: 37.2% (2000)
Illicit drugs - until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer; cultivation of coca in Peru fell 15% to 31,150 hectares between 2002 and the end of 2003; much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine, while finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to Europe and Africa
Imports NA (2001) NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs petroleum and petroleum products, plastics, machinery, vehicles, iron and steel, wheat, paper
Imports - partners Germany 27.3%, Spain 21.8%, UK 12.1%, Italy 8% (2002) US 18.2%, China 8.5%, Brazil 8%, Ecuador 7.4%, Colombia 6.1%, Argentina 5.1%, Chile 5.1%, Venezuela 4.1% (2005)
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK) 28 July 1821 (from Spain)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 6.9% (2005 est.)
Industries tourism, banking and finance, ship repairing, tobacco mining and refining of minerals; steel, metal fabrication; petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas; fishing and fish processing, textiles, clothing, food processing
Infant mortality rate total: 5.31 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 5.92 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 4.67 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
total: 30.94 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 33.49 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 28.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.5% (1998) 1.6% (2005 est.)
International organization participation Interpol (subbureau) APEC, CAN, CSN, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km 12,000 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Supreme Court; Court of Appeal Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary)
Labor force 14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers) 9.06 million (2005 est.)
Labor force - by occupation services 60%, industry 40%, agriculture NEGL% agriculture: 9%


industry: 18%


services: 73% (2001)
Land boundaries total: 1.2 km


border countries: Spain 1.2 km
total: 5,536 km


border countries: Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km, Colombia 1,496 km (est.), Ecuador 1,420 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)
arable land: 2.88%


permanent crops: 0.47%


other: 96.65% (2005)
Languages English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara, and a large number of minor Amazonian languages
Legal system English law based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral House of Assembly (18 seats - 15 elected by popular vote, one appointed for the Speaker, and two ex officio members; members serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 27 November 2003 (next to be held not later than NA 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - GSD 58%, GSLP 41%; seats by party - GSD 8, GSLP 7
unicameral Congress of the Republic of Peru or Congreso de la Republica del Peru (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 9 April 2006 (next to be held April 2011)


election results: percent of vote by party - UPP 21.2%, PAP 20.6%, UN 15.3%, AF 13.1%, FC 7.1%, PP 4.1%, RN 4.0%; seats by party - UPP 45, PAP 36, UN 17, AF 13, FC 5, PP 2, RN 2
Life expectancy at birth total population: 79.38 years


male: 76.51 years


female: 82.4 years (2003 est.)
total population: 69.84 years


male: 68.05 years


female: 71.71 years (2006 est.)
Literacy definition: NA


total population: above 80%


male: NA%


female: NA%
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 87.7%


male: 93.5%


female: 82.1% (2004 est.)
Location Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador
Map references Europe South America
Maritime claims territorial sea: 3 NM territorial sea: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm
Merchant marine total: 114 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,008,140 GRT/1,435,595 DWT


ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 58, chemical tanker 14, container 20, multi-functional large-load carrier 3, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 13, roll on/roll off 2


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 1, Cyprus 1, France 2, Germany 55, Greece 6, Ireland 1, Monaco 2, Norway 3, United Kingdom 13 (2002 est.)
total: 4 ships (1000 GRT or over) 38,954 GRT/62,255 DWT


by type: cargo 3, petroleum tanker 1


foreign-owned: 1 (US 1)


registered in other countries: 15 (Panama 15) (2006)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK -
Military branches no regular indigenous military forces; British Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force Peruvian Army (Ejercito Peruano), Peruvian Navy (Marina de Guerra del Peru; includes naval air, naval infantry, and coast guard), Peruvian Air Force (Fuerza Aerea del Peru, FAP)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $829.3 million (2003 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 1.4% (2003 est.)
National holiday National Day, 10 September (1967); note - day of the national referendum to decide whether to remain with the UK or go with Spain Independence Day, 28 July (1821)
Nationality noun: Gibraltarian(s)


adjective: Gibraltar
noun: Peruvian(s)


adjective: Peruvian
Natural hazards NA earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity
Natural resources NEGL copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower, natural gas
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) -1.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Pipelines 0 km gas 983 km; gas/lpg 61 km; liquid natural gas 106 km; liquid petroleum gas 517 km; oil 1,754 km; refined products 13 km (2006)
Political parties and leaders Gibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO] Alliance For Progress (Alianza Para El Progreso) [Cesar ACUNA Peralta]; Alliance For The Future (Alianza Por El Futuro) or AF - a coalition of pro-FUJIMORI parties including Cambio 90, Nueva Mayoria, and Si Cumple [Martha CHAVEZ Cossio]; Centrist Front (Frente Del Centro) or FC - a coalition of Accion Popular, Somos Peru, and Coordinadora Nacional de Independientes [Valentin PANIAGUA Corazoa]; Independent Moralizing Front (Frente Independiente Moralizador) or FIM [Fernando OLIVERA Vega]; Nationalist Party Uniting Peru (Partido Nacionalista Uniendo al Peru) or UPP - a coalition of Union for Peru (UPP) and Peruvian Nationalist Party (PNP) [Ollanta HUMALA Tasso]; National Restoration (Restauracion Nacional) or RN [Humberto LAY Sun]; National Unity (Unidad Nacional) or UN [Lourdes FLORES Nano]; Peru Possible (Peru Posible) or PP [David WAISMAN]; Peruvian Aprista Party (Partido Aprista Peruano) or PAP - also referred to by its original name Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana or APRA [Alan GARCIA]
Political pressure groups and leaders Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization; Women's Association leftist guerrilla groups include Shining Path [Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned), Gabriel MACARIO (top leader at-large)]; Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement or MRTA [Victor POLAY (imprisoned), Hugo AVALLENEDA Valdez (top leader at-large)]
Population 27,776 (July 2003 est.) 28,302,603 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 54% (2003 est.)
Population growth rate 0.22% (2003 est.) 1.32% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors Gibraltar -
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 472, FM 198, shortwave 189 (1999)
Railways - total: 3,462 km


standard gauge: 2,962 km 1.435-m gauge


narrow gauge: 500 km 0.914-m gauge (2005)
Religions Roman Catholic 76.9%, Church of England 6.9%, Muslim 6.9%, Jewish 2.3%, none or other 7% (1991) Roman Catholic 81%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.4%, other Christian 0.7%, other 0.6%, unspecified or none 16.3% (2003 est.)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal, plus other UK subjects who have been residents six months or more 18 years of age; universal and compulsory until the age of 70; note - members of the military and national police may not vote
Telephone system general assessment: adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate international facilities


domestic: automatic exchange facilities


international: radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: adequate for most requirements


domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations


international: country code - 51; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); Pan American submarine cable
Telephones - main lines in use 19,000 (1997) 2,250,500 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular 1,620 (1997) 5.583 million (2005)
Television broadcast stations 1 (plus three low-power repeaters) (1997) 13 (plus 112 repeaters) (1997)
Terrain a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)
Total fertility rate 1.65 children born/woman (2003 est.) 2.51 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate 2% (2001 est.) 7.6% in metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment (2005 est.)
Waterways none 8,808 km


note: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km of Lago Titicaca (2005)
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