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Compare Ghana (2002) - Guinea-Bissau (2002)

Compare Ghana (2002) z Guinea-Bissau (2002)

 Ghana (2002)Guinea-Bissau (2002)
 GhanaGuinea-Bissau
Administrative divisions 10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western 9 regions (regioes, singular - regiao); Bafata, Biombo, Bissau, Bolama, Cacheu, Gabu, Oio, Quinara, Tombali; note - Bolama may have been renamed Bolama/Bijagos
Age structure 0-14 years: 40.4% (male 4,116,600; female 4,063,654)


15-64 years: 56.1% (male 5,625,397; female 5,723,786)


65 years and over: 3.5% (male 338,352; female 376,365) (2002 est.)
0-14 years: 41.9% (male 281,394; female 282,641)


15-64 years: 55.2% (male 353,755; female 388,968)


65 years and over: 2.9% (male 17,130; female 21,591) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products cocoa, rice, coffee, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber rice, corn, beans, cassava (tapioca), cashew nuts, peanuts, palm kernels, cotton; timber; fish
Airports 12 (2001) 28 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 7


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2002)
total: 3


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 5


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 2 (2002)
total: 25


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 4


under 914 m: 20 (2002)
Area total: 239,460 sq km


land: 230,940 sq km


water: 8,520 sq km
total: 36,120 sq km


land: 28,000 sq km


water: 8,120 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Oregon slightly less than three times the size of Connecticut
Background Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. A long series of coups resulted in the suspension of the constitution in 1981 and the banning of political parties. A new constitution, restoring multiparty politics, was approved in 1992. Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS, head of state since 1981, won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. He was succeeded by John KUFUOR, who defeated former Vice President Atta MILLS in a free and fair election. In 1994, 20 years after independence from Portugal, the country's first multiparty legislative and presidential elections were held. An army uprising that triggered a bloody civil war in 1998, created hundreds of thousands of displaced persons. The president was ousted by a military junta in May 1999. An interim government turned over power in February 2000 when opposition leader Kumba YALA took office following two rounds of transparent presidential elections. Guinea-Bissau's transition back to democracy will be complicated by its crippled economy devastated in the civil war.
Birth rate 28.08 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 38.95 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues: $1.603 billion


expenditures: $1.975 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
revenues: $NA


expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Capital Accra Bissau
Climate tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds
Coastline 539 km 350 km
Constitution new constitution approved 28 April 1992 16 May 1984, amended 4 May 1991, 4 December 1991, 26 February 1993, 9 June 1993, and 1996
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Ghana


conventional short form: Ghana


former: Gold Coast
conventional long form: Republic of Guinea-Bissau


conventional short form: Guinea-Bissau


local long form: Republica da Guine-Bissau


local short form: Guine-Bissau


former: Portuguese Guinea
Currency cedi (GHC) Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States; previously the Guinea-Bissau peso (GWP) was used
Death rate 10.31 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 15.05 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $5.96 billion (2001 est.) $931 million (1999 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Carlin YATES


embassy: 6th and 10th Lanes, 798/1 Osu, Accra


mailing address: P. O. Box 194, Accra


telephone: [233] (21) 775-347, 775-348


FAX: [233] (21) 701-813
the US Embassy suspended operations on 14 June 1998 in the midst of violent conflict between forces loyal to then President VIEIRA and military-led junta; for the time being, US embassy Dakar is responsible for covering Guinea-Bissau: telephone - [221] 823-4296; FAX - [221] 822-5903
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Alan J. KYEREMATEN


chancery: 3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 686-4520


FAX: [1] (202) 686-4527


consulate(s) general: New York
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Henrique Adriano DA SILVA


chancery: 1511 K Street NW, Suite 519, Washington, DC 20005


telephone: [1] (202) 347-3950


FAX: [1] (202) 347-3954
Disputes - international none Senegalese separatists disrupt legal border trade with smuggling, cattle rustling, and other illegal activities
Economic aid - recipient $6.9 billion (1999) (1999) $115.4 million (1995) (1995)
Economy - overview Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has roughly twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa. Even so, Ghana remains heavily dependent on international financial and technical assistance. Gold, timber, and cocoa production are major sources of foreign exchange. The domestic economy continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for 36% of GDP and employs 60% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Excessively expansionary monetary and fiscal policy prior to the 2000 elections led to accelerating inflation in early 2001. A depressed cocoa market and continued weak growth in non-traditional exports led to disappointing growth in 2001. The late 2002 crisis in Cote d'Ivoire has boosted cocoa prices markedly. It remains to be seen if this portends a long-term shift in the cocoa market. Ghana opted for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) program in 2002. One of the 10 poorest countries in the world, Guinea-Bissau depends mainly on farming and fishing. Cashew crops have increased remarkably in recent years, and the country now ranks sixth in cashew production. Guinea-Bissau exports fish and seafood along with small amounts of peanuts, palm kernels, and timber. Rice is the major crop and staple food. However, intermittent fighting between Senegalese-backed government troops and a military junta destroyed much of the country's infrastructure and caused widespread damage to the economy in 1998; the civil war led to a 28% drop in GDP that year, with partial recovery in 1999-2001. Before the war, trade reform and price liberalization were the most successful part of the country's structural adjustment program under IMF sponsorship. The tightening of monetary policy and the development of the private sector had also begun to reinvigorate the economy. Because of high costs, the development of petroleum, phosphate, and other mineral resources is not a near-term prospect. However, unexploited offshore oil reserves could provide much-needed revenue in the long run. The inequality of income distribution is one of the most extreme in the world. The government and international donors continue to work out plans to forward economic development.
Electricity - consumption 5.484 billion kWh (2000) 55.8 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 422 million kWh (2000) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 400 million kWh (2000) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 5.92 billion kWh (2000) 60 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 30%


hydro: 70%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Afadjato 880 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location in the northeast corner of the country 300 m
Environment - current issues recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; overfishing
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups black African 98.5% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%, Gurma 3%, Yoruba 1%), European and other 1.5% (1998) African 99% (Balanta 30%, Fula 20%, Manjaca 14%, Mandinga 13%, Papel 7%), European and mulatto less than 1%
Exchange rates cedis per US dollar - 7,195 (January 2002), 7,170.76 (2001), 5,455.06 (2000), 2,669.30 (1999), 2,314.15 (1998), 2,050.17 (1997) Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997)


note: as of 1 May 1997, Guinea-Bissau adopted the XOF franc as the national currency; since 1 January 1999, the XOF franc is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF francs per euro
Executive branch chief of state: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Council of Ministers; president nominates members subject to approval by Parliament


elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 7 and 28 December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2004)


election results: John Agyekum KUFUOR elected president in runoff election; percent of vote - John KUFUOR 56.4%, John Atta MILLS 43.6%
chief of state: President Kumba YALA (since 18 February 2000)


head of government: Prime Minister Mario PIRES (since 17 November 2002)


cabinet: NA


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 28 November 1999 and 16 January 2000 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister appointed by the president after consultation with party leaders in the legislature


election results: Kumba YALA elected president; percent of vote, second ballot - Kumba YALA (PRS) 72%, Malan Bacai SANHA (PAIGC) 28%
Exports $1.94 billion f.o.b. (2000) $80 million f.o.b. (2000 est.)
Exports - commodities gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds cashew nuts 70%, shrimp, peanuts, palm kernels, sawn lumber
Exports - partners Togo, UK, Italy, Netherlands, Germany, US, France (1998) India 51.4%, Italy 2.7%, South Korea 2.0%, Belgium 2.0% (2000)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and green with a vertical red band on the hoist side; there is a black five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP purchasing power parity - $39.4 billion (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $1.2 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 36%


industry: 25%


services: 39% (2000 est.)
agriculture: 54%


industry: 15%


services: 31% (1997 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,980 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $900 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 3% (2001 est.) 7.2% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 8 00 N, 2 00 W 12 00 N, 15 00 W
Geography - note Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake this small country is swampy along its western coast and low-lying further inland
Highways total: 38,940 km


paved: 9,346 km (including 30 km of expressways)


unpaved: 29,594 km (2001)
total: 4,400 km


paved: 453 km


unpaved: 3,947 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 2%


highest 10%: 30% (1998)
lowest 10%: 1%


highest 10%: 42% (1991) (1991)
Illicit drugs illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and corruption have made money laundering a problem, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center -
Imports $2.83 billion f.o.b. (2000) $55.2 million f.o.b. (2000 est.)
Imports - commodities capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products
Imports - partners UK, Nigeria, US, Germany, Italy, Spain (1998) Portugal 30%, Senegal 14.6%, Thailand 8.5%, China 5.7% (2000)
Independence 6 March 1957 (from UK) 24 September 1973 (unilaterally declared by Guinea-Bissau); 10 September 1974 (recognized by Portugal)
Industrial production growth rate 3.8% (2000 est.) 2.6% (1997 est.)
Industries mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing agricultural products processing, beer, soft drinks
Infant mortality rate 55.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) 108.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 25% (2001 est.) 5% (2001 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 12 (2000) 2 (2002)
Irrigated land 110 sq km (1998 est.) 170 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal da Justica (consists of nine justices who are appointed by the president and serve at his pleasure; final court of appeals in criminal and civil cases); Regional Courts (one in each of nine regions; first court of appeals for Sectoral Court decisions; hear all felony cases and civil cases valued at over $1,000); 24 Sectoral Courts (judges are not necessarily trained lawyers; they hear civil cases under $1,000 and misdemeanor criminal cases)
Labor force 9 million (2000 est.) 480,000
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services 25% (1999 est.) agriculture 82% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total: 2,094 km


border countries: Burkina Faso 549 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km
total: 724 km


border countries: Guinea 386 km, Senegal 338 km
Land use arable land: 15.82%


permanent crops: 7.47%


other: 76.71% (1998 est.)
arable land: 10.67%


permanent crops: 1.78%


other: 87.55% (1998 est.)
Languages English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga) Portuguese (official), Crioulo, African languages
Legal system based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction NA
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament (200 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 7 December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2004)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 100, NDC 92, PNC 3, CPP 1, independents 4
unicameral National People's Assembly or Assembleia Nacional Popular (100 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve a maximum of four years)


elections: last held 28 November 1999 (next to be held 20 April 2003)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRS 37, RGB 27, PAIGC 25, 11 remaining seats went to 5 of the remaining 10 parties that fielded candidates
Life expectancy at birth total population: 57.06 years


male: 55.66 years


female: 58.51 years (2002 est.)
total population: 49.8 years


male: 47.47 years


female: 52.2 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 64.5%


male: 75.9%


female: 53.5% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 34%


male: 50%


female: 18% (2000 est.)
Location Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Senegal
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 24 NM


continental shelf: 200 NM


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 16,450 GRT/22,097 DWT


ships by type: petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 5


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Brazil 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Spain 1 (2002 est.)
none (2002 est.)
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police Force People's Revolutionary Armed Force (FARP; includes Army, Navy, and Air Force), paramilitary force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $35.2 million (FY01) $5.6 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.7% (FY01) 2.8% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 5,045,355 (2002 est.) males age 15-49: 313,573 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 2,799,292 (2002 est.) males age 15-49: 178,404 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 213,237 (2002 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 6 March (1957) Independence Day, 24 September (1973)
Nationality noun: Ghanaian(s)


adjective: Ghanaian
noun: Guinean (s)


adjective: Guinean
Natural hazards dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season; brush fires
Natural resources gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower fish, timber, phosphates, bauxite, unexploited deposits of petroleum
Net migration rate -0.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -1.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
People - note there are 9,500 Liberians, 2,000 Sierra Leoneans, and 1,000 Togolese refugees residing in Ghana (2002) -
Pipelines 0 km -
Political parties and leaders Convention People's Party or CPP [Nii Noi DOWUONA, general secretary]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA, chairman]; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Dan LARTY]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general secretary]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES]; People's Convention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting chairman]; People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander ERSKINE]; People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA]; Reform Party [Kyeretwie OPUKU, general secretary] African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde or PAIGC [Francisco BENANTE]; Front for the Liberation and Independence of Guinea or FLING [Francois MENDY]; Guinea-Bissau Resistance-Ba Fata Movement or RGB-MB [Helder Vaz LOPES]; Guinean Civic Forum or FCG [Antonieta Rosa GOMES]; International League for Ecological Protection or LIPE [Alhaje Bubacar DJALO, president]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Abubacer BALDE, secretary general]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Victor MANDINGA]; Social Renovation Party or PRS [Kumba YALA]; Union for Change or UM [Jorge MANDINGA, president, Dr. Anne SAAD, secretary general]; United Social Democratic Party or PUSD [Victor Sau'de MARIA]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 20,244,154


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
1,345,479 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 31% (1992 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.7% (2002 est.) 2.23% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Takoradi, Tema Bissau, Buba, Cacheu, Farim
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 49, shortwave 3 (2001) AM 1 (transmitter out of service), FM 4, shortwave 0 (2002)
Radios 12.5 million (2001) 49,000 (1997)
Railways total: 953 km


narrow gauge: 953 km 1.067-m gauge; undergoing major rehabilitation (2001 est.)
0 km
Religions indigenous beliefs 21%, Muslim 16%, Christian 63% indigenous beliefs 50%, Muslim 45%, Christian 5%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female


total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: poor to fair system; Internet accessible; many rural communities not yet connected; expansion of services is underway


domestic: primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed


international: satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors
general assessment: small system


domestic: combination of microwave radio relay, open-wire lines, radiotelephone, and cellular communications


international: NA
Telephones - main lines in use 240,000 (2001) 10,000 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular 150,000 (2001) 0 (2001)
Television broadcast stations 10 (2001) NA (1997)
Terrain mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area mostly low coastal plain rising to savanna in east
Total fertility rate 3.69 children born/woman (2002 est.) 5.13 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 20% (1997 est.) NA%
Waterways 1,293 km


note: Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers provide 168 km of perennial navigation for launches and lighters; Lake Volta provides 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways
several rivers are accessible to coastal shipping
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